International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health最新文献

Objectives: To explore the prevalence of ACEs, social anxiety (SIA), and perceived social support (PSS) among Indian students, and to investigate the relationship between ACEs, SIA, PSS, and three types of coping strategies, i.e., (PF, AF, EF). This study also aims to examine the mediating role of perceived social support (PSS) in the ACEs-SIA relationship and identify the three types of coping strategies used by students with ACEs and social anxiety.

Methods: The present study is exploratory and uses a correlational design. The sample comprised 210 students aged 17-21. The participants were administered the following instruments: the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Test, Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), Multidimensional Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Brief COPE Inventory.

Results: The present study's findings indicate a significant positive correlation between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and social anxiety levels among Indian college students. Higher ACE scores were associated with increased social anxiety. Perceived social support showed a significant negative correlation with social anxiety, suggesting that greater social support is linked to lower anxiety levels. Among coping strategies, emotion-focused coping was the most commonly used, followed by problem-focused coping and avoidant-coping. Emotion-focused coping showed a positive correlation with social anxiety.

Conclusions: These findings underscore the long-term psychological impact of childhood adversity and highlight the protective role of social support in buffering social anxiety symptoms in late-adolescent and young-adult college students. The reliance on emotion-focused coping strategies, although providing immediate relief, does not address the underlying issues, emphasizing the need for culturally sensitive interventions promoting problem-focused coping. The study also underscores the critical role of perceived social support in mitigating the adverse effects of ACEs, indicating a need to enhance social support networks to foster resilience among Indian college students.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate three key areas: firstly, to determine the prevalence of youth who identify as transgender within the adolescent psychiatric population. Secondly, we sought to examine the prevalence and severity of depression and anxiety disorders among transgender-identifying individuals in comparison to cisgender-identifying individuals. Finally, we explored the potential correlations between perceived gender incongruence and depression and anxiety disorders.

Methods: We compared transgender-identifying and cisgender-identifying adolescents in a sample of youth referred to Kuopio University Hospital's outpatient psychiatric clinic in Finland (total n=746). The data were gathered from self-administered questionnaires and semi-structured diagnostic interviews. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-IA) and anxiety levels were measured with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7). Among other measures the participants were asked if they identified as transgender. Of those who responded in the affirmative to this question, further enquiry was made into the extent to which they perceived incongruence to their body.

Results: The prevalence of participants self-identifying as transgender was 11.3 % (n=74). Compared to their cisgender-identifying peers, these individuals exhibited higher mean scores on the BDI and GAD-7 scales, with effect sizes being small. Furthermore, adolescents who identified as transgender did not have a higher rate of anxiety or depressive disorder diagnoses compared to their cisgender peers. A sex difference was observed among cisgender-identifying individuals, with female participants demonstrating higher mean scores on both the BDI and GAD-7 scales. However, no such difference was observed among transgender-identifying participants. No significant correlations were found between levels of perceived gender incongruence and BDI and GAD-7 scales.

Conclusions: In adolescent psychiatric patients, depression and anxiety are equally common among transgender and cisgender identifying youth and not related to perceived strength of gender incongruence. Psychiatric treatment must be provided as appropriate regardless of gender identity experience.

Background: Pranayama has garnered increasing attention in recent years due to its potential therapeutic effects on mental and physical health. However, a lack of age-specific synthesis of its efficacy, especially among adolescents, highlights the need for focused evaluation in this population. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze (SRMA) the effectiveness of pranayama in reducing stress and anxiety in adolescents.

Methods: A systematic search was done on four databases, namely, the Cochrane Library, Medline (PubMed), Embase, and Web of Science, for articles published between 1st January 2015 and 31st December 2024. Independent screening of the articles was done by two reviewers, and duplicates were removed using NESTED Knowledge. Quality assessment of the studies was done using Cochrane and the JBI tools. A meta-analysis was undertaken in "Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA)" software, and heterogeneity was evaluated using the I² statistic.

Results: Eighteen studies were included in this SRMA of which 11 were RCTs and 7 were quasi-experimental studies. The overall standardized mean difference (SMD) was -1.166 [95 % CI: -1.979 to -0.353], indicating a moderate effect on stress reduction in favor of deep breathing. GRADE assessment revealed very low certainty of evidence due to serious concerns in the risk of bias, inconsistency, and imprecision domains.

Conclusions: Integrating pranayama into adolescents' daily lives can help reduce their anxiety and stress levels. Rigorous research is required to generate good quality scientific evidence in this field.

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in India. To reduce its incidence, the government is set to roll out a Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for adolescent girls.

Objectives: To find the association between risk perception, self-efficacy, vaccine response efficacy and willingness to vaccinate adolescents (9-18 years) against HPV and to explore factors associated with willingness for vaccination among adolescent girls, their parents and healthcare workers.

Methods: A mixed-method study was conducted among parents of adolescent girls aged 9-18 using multistage simple random sampling in Puducherry. After a brief education session, a self-developed and validated questionnaire was used to assess perceived risk, self-efficacy, vaccine response efficacy and willingness for HPV vaccination. Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used for analysis.

Results: Out of 388 participants, majority (78.1 %) had heard of cervical cancer, and 6.2 % were aware of HPV infection. Of the participants, 44.8 % (95 % CI: 39.9-49.8 %) had a high perceived risk, 49 % (95 % CI: 44.0-53.9 %) had low self-efficacy, and 70.9 % (95 % CI: 66.2-75.2 %) believed in high vaccine response efficacy. Additionally, 91.5 % of participants were willing to vaccinate under a universal immunisation schedule, and only 44.1 % from private providers. Participants who were willing to vaccinate had a higher risk perception of HPV infection and cervical cancers, high belief in vaccines and low self-efficacy in their own health (p<0.001) compared to those who were not willing for HPV vaccination.

Objectives: To assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding anaemia and to find out health-seeking behaviour about anaemia among school going adolescent girls.

Methods: A community based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 300 adolescent schoolgirls.

Results: The present study observed that the maximum proportion of the study participants were in the age group of 17-19 years 173 (57.7 %), followed by 14-16 years 113 (37.7 %), and 10-13 years of age group were 14 (4.6 %). The maximum proportion of the study participants were from General Category 135 (45 %), followed by OBC Category 83 (27.7 %), and SC/ST Category 82 (27.3 %). The majority of the fathers of study participants were literate (approx. 85 %). Illiteracy was present only in 46 (15.33 %), education level up to primary was 101 (33.67 %), middle 56 (18.67 %), secondary 43 (14.33 %).

Conclusions: Rural adolescent girls are prone to anaemia there was adequate knowledge but moderate attitude and inadequate practiceEducation level of participants, mother's education level, and socio-economic status had a major influence on the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding anaemia.

Objectives: Develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of an instrument that measures the main risk behaviors in adolescence.

Methods: The study was conducted in two phases: first, the development of the instrument through content validation with experts in the field, and then a second phase was conducted with a cross-sectional design and non-probabilistic sampling for psychometric purposes. The sample consisted of a total of 100 adolescents with an age range of 12-17 years, recruited from a tertiary Pediatric Hospital in Guadalajara, Mexico. The participants who gave their consent to participate in the study answered the developed instrument.

Results: In total, 72 % were women, with age (x̄ 14.4). The final version of the questionnaire on risk behaviors in adolescents consisted of three dimensions: high prevalence, dissocial, accidents; and 12 items, with a Likert-type rating, whose answers are equivalent to a value of 0 for no risk, one for low risk and two for moderate risk, obtaining adequate content validity by the experts. The instrument as a scale showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α 0.79) and as a dichotomous questionnaire KR-20 0.76. The exploratory factor analysis obtained three components, which together explained 56.9 % of the total variance; KMO 0.76 and Bartlett's sphericity test p 0.001. The confirmatory factor analysis supports the proposed model with at least five adequate fit indices (RMSEA 0.042, CFI 0.95, TLI 0.93, X²/gl 1.17).

Conclusions: The adolescent risk behavior questionnaire (Cuestionario de Conductas de Riesgo en la Adolescencia, CCRAC) is a spanish, brief, freely usable instrument that is easy to apply in multiple settings. Its psychometric characteristics make it reliable and valid for screening behaviors with potential negative consequences for health in clinical contexts.

Objectives: Tuberculosis is a global public health challenge, disproportionately affecting adolescents in low-and middle-income countries. Malnutrition worsens immune function, delays recovery and increases the risk of treatment failure in Tuberculosis patients. The objectives of this study was to assess the nutritional status of adolescents undergoing TB treatment in urban Bangladesh and identify the determinants of malnutrition.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 1, 2023, to May 31, 2024, among 339 adolescents receiving Tuberculosis treatment in five hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Nutritional status was primarily assessed by Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). Anthropometric data were collected to calculate BMI-for-age and height-for-age z-scores to verify nutritional status.

Results: The prevalence of severe malnutrition was 14.2 % and another 41.6 % were found moderately malnourished in PG-SGA. The z-scores also showed 14.2 % had severe malnutrition and 21.2 % had moderate malnutrition. The mean BMI was 17.89, with 59.3 % of participants underweight and 63.7 % experiencing some degree of stunting. Eating difficulties, particularly appetite loss, were reported by 45.4 % of adolescents. While 52.8 % received some nutrition-related information, only 1.8 % received comprehensive nutritional care. Logistic regression identified significant predictors of malnutrition, including female gender (AOR=0.51, p=0.01), presence of major comorbidities (AOR=3.67, p=0.01), eating difficulties (AOR=3.41, p<0.01), Type I Tuberculosis (AOR=2.57, p<0.01), and less than four meals (AOR=2.69, p=0.01).

Conclusions: Both PG-SGA and anthropometric indicators revealed significant nutritional deficits. Integrated nutritional support and management of comorbidities should be prioritized alongside Tuberculosis care to improve treatment outcomes.

Objectives: Adolescent knowledge about sexual and reproductive health (SRH) in Indonesia is low and moderate. This study aims to determine the influence of peer mentorship on improving adolescents' knowledge and attitudes about SRH.

Methods: This study uses a quasi-experimental pre- and post-test with a control group design. The population is adolescents in high school, aged 15-19. Eight students were selected as volunteers to be trained by professionals as mentors. The sample was selected using a proportional random sampling technique, with 91 students in each group. Peer mentoring was carried out for three months with 12 meetings. A questionnaire measured knowledge and attitudes before and after the intervention.

Results: The majority of respondents were women (57.1 %) and men (42.9 %), with the most common age being 17 years old (29.7 %). There was no difference between the characteristics of the respondents and the variables studied. Respondents' knowledge level increased in the high category after the intervention from 67 to 95.6 %; positive attitudes increased from 48.4 to 51.6 %.

Conclusions: Peer mentoring interventions significantly influenced respondents' knowledge. The peer mentoring approach effectively increases adolescents' knowledge and attitudes. It is recommended that this assistance become a school program.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the impact of specific learning disorder (SLD) on quality of life, expressed emotion, and clinical features in adolescents diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: A total of 35 adolescents participated in the study, 15 of whom were diagnosed with ADHD alone, while 20 were diagnosed with both ADHD and SLD. The adolescents completed the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index (CASI), the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). Parents filled out the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL)-Proxy Report, the Expressed Emotion Scale (EES), and the Conners Parent Rating Scale-48 (CPRS-48).

Results: According to the children's self-reports, the ADHD+SLD group showed significantly lower physical health-related quality of life and a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms compared to their peers. However, based on parental reports, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the children's quality of life or the levels of expressed emotion among parents.

Conclusions: Adolescents with ADHD+SLD tend to perceive their physical health-related quality of life as lower. Therefore, it is crucial to identify this issue early and implement appropriate interventions.

Objectives: Mental health literacy (MHL) plays a crucial role in promoting mental health and early identification of psychological issues among students. Identifying the determinants of MHL can contribute to the development of effective educational interventions and policies. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing MHL among high school students in Khoy, Iran.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 564 high school students selected through a two-stage cluster sampling method from six health-promoting schools in Khoy. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire and a standardized mental health literacy questionnaire. Data were analyzed using MANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression tests. This project has an ethics approval code.

Results: The results indicated that male students had significantly lower mental health literacy (MHL) scores compared to female students (β=-3.51, p<0.001). Maternal education and occupation were identified as significant predictors, with students whose mothers had university education (β=-5.64, p=0.03) or were employed (β=-2.33, p=0.02) achieving higher MHL scores. Similarly, students with employed fathers also scored higher (β=-1.92, p=0.03). No significant associations were found between MHL and economic status, living situation, or parental age.

Conclusions: Based on the findings of the study, gender, maternal education, and parental occupation significantly influence students' mental health literacy (MHL). Therefore, it is recommended that educational interventions and targeted strategies be implemented to enhance MHL, with a particular focus on male students and those from families with lower educational and occupational status. Such efforts should aim to address existing disparities and promote equitable access to mental health resources and knowledge.