International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health最新文献

Objectives: In line with the World Health Organization's Global Accelerated Action for the Health of Adolescents (AA-HA!) guidance, the goal of the current research was to identify critical strategies for adolescents' health and to determine the role and distribution of responsibilities among the leading players in the field of adolescent health in Iran.

Methods: The current qualitative and applied study is part of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education's "Adolescent, Youth and School Health" plan to develop the "National Adolescent Health Plan Document" in 2020. First, stakeholder analysis was done, then a pool of nationally appropriate strategies was selected from the list of priority strategies recommended by the WHO in the AA-HA! through several group sessions. After that, the experts selected priority strategies based on the criteria of feasibility, acceptability, effectiveness, guaranteed resources, coordination with other plans and temporal priority, scoring, and executive priorities. Eventually, the priority strategies were assigned to different players/stakeholders in the field over several sessions bearing in mind the methods of implementation and the target groups.

Results: The experts identified 58 priority strategies/actions for adolescent health under the seven priority areas of positive development, sexual protection, reproductive health, mental health, substance abuse, self-harm, violence, unintentional injury, communicable and non-communicable diseases, nutrition, and physical activity.

Conclusions: The highest identified priority areas were in the areas of vaccination; special health care package for service providers; training and education to promote health literacy and self-care, life skills, sexual awareness, and prevention/protection against violence; community-based mental health services, planning for adolescents' spare time, substance use prevention.

Pregnant adolescent females face nutritional challenges. The nutritional demands of a growing fetus, when added to the requirements for growing adolescent bodies, are risk factors for undernutrition. An adolescent expectant mother's nutritional status therefore affects both the mother's and the child's future growth, development, and potential development of diseases later in life. In Colombia, the rate of female adolescent pregnancies is higher than neighboring countries and the global average. The most recent data suggest that approximately 21 % of all pregnant adolescent females in Colombia are underweight, 27 % suffer from anemia, 20 % suffer from vitamin D deficiency, and 19 % suffer from vitamin B12 deficiency. Contributing factors to these nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy may be the region in which the female lives, the female's ethnicity, and the female's socioeconomic and educational status. In rural parts of Colombia, limitations regarding access to prenatal care and food choices that include animal source proteins may also contribute to nutritional deficiencies. To help remedy this, recommendations include encouraging nutrient dense food sources with higher protein content, eating one additional meal per day, and taking a prenatal vitamin throughout the pregnancy. Making healthy eating choices can be difficult for adolescent females with limited resources and education; therefore, it is recommended that discussions about nutrition begin at the first prenatal visit for optimum benefits. These factors should be considered for the development of future health policies and interventions in Colombia and other low-income and middle-income countries where pregnant adolescent females may be experiencing similar nutritional deficiencies.

Objectives: This study explored the variation in emerging adults' communication with gastroenterologists around the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: Nineteen emerging adults with IBD aged 18-25 and seven gastroenterologists participated in the study. Outpatient specialist consultations of consenting participants were audio-recorded and transcribed. Transcribed consultations were analysed in terms of the linguistic structure of the consultations and the gastroenterologist-patient role relationship.

Results: Variations in the emerging adults' communication with their gastroenterologists stem partly from variation in their ability, opportunity, or need to contribute to the different phases of the consultation and partly from variations in the gastroenterologists' style of communication. Gastroenterologists differed in the construction of their role relationship with the patient, resulting in variations in employing empowering strategies including eliciting, exploring, and clarifying the patient's concerns, sharing clinical reasoning, and validating the patient experience. Variations were also observed in the length of appointments and the gastroenterologists' assessment and addressing of adherence issues. Techniques used by the gastroenterologist varied (1) from simply confirming adherence, to a comprehensive assessment of the patient's understanding of their management plan and their feedback, and (2) from use of persuasion to values calibration.

Conclusions: Evidence-based consumer interventions and communication guidelines for clinicians are needed to address the identified variations in providing care to emerging adults living with chronic conditions.

Objectives: The present study was designed to determine the effect of education based on health belief model (HBM) on high-risk health behaviors in youth.

Methods: This interventional quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2020-2021 with the participation of 62 students living in the dormitories of University of Mashhad Medical Sciences with available sampling and random allocation in two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received six training sessions. The research instruments included: demographic information, researcher-made questionnaire including HBM constructs, youth high-risk behaviors questionnaire (2019) that were used before, immediately and one month after the educations. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, Mann-Whitney, and ANOVA with SPSS 21.

Results: The mean scores in the field of high-risk behaviors as well as all constructs of HBM were not statistically significant in the two groups before the intervention (p>0.05), but the mean scores immediately and one month after the educational intervention in all constructs of the HBM and the range of high-risk behaviors (other than smoking behavior) in the experimental group compared to the control group was statistically significant (p<0.001).

Conclusions: Education based on HBM was effective in reducing high-risk health behaviors, so this educational model can be used to reduce high-risk health behaviors in female students.

Objectives: Suicide is a major health issue in India. With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, people have experienced loss on a tremendous scale. The impact of these losses on the youth will be massive leading to a rise in depression cases, suicidal ideation and ultimately suicidal attempts. Hence there is a need to determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and the predictors for both suicidal ideation and attempts among the young adults in Meghalaya.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the students aged 18-25 years in NEIGRIHMS and Synod College in Shillong between March to April 2022. Data was collected by using questionnaire method.

Results: The prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts was found to be 15.9 % (12.3-20.3) and 5.8 % (3.7-8.9) respectively. There was a strong relationship for suicidal ideation with urban students, with less family members, those who had unhealthy relationship with their parents, stress, complicated relationship/loss of loved ones and also those with experience of violence/abuse and behavioural problems. However, the attempts were found to be associated only with the loss of the loved ones.

Conclusions: The prevalence, though smaller is a serious concern considering the fact that the burden of suicides is on a rise and hence regular mental health counselling along with the management of the stress is needed at the educational institutional level which could prove to be beneficial to the students.

Objectives: To evaluate the association of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) with physical activity, food consumption, sleep duration and screen time in children and adolescents.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with 268 students aged 10-17 years from a public school in Brazil. The outcome variable was HRQOL score, evaluated by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™). Exposure variables were habitual physical activity, food consumption, sleep duration, and screen time. A general linear model was used to estimate age-adjusted means and 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) of HRQOL scores, and a multivariable analysis of variance to identify factors associated with lower/higher HRQOL scores. The study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas.

Results: Overall HRQOL score was 70.3 (95 % CI: 68.0-72.6). Multivariable analyses showed lower HRQOL scores for those adolescents who: 1-were physically inactive (67.3; p=0.014); 2-sleep less than 6 h per night (66.8; p=0.003); 3-eat fruits and vegetables less than five days/week (68.9; p=0.027); and 4-eat fast food twice/week or more (68.6; p=0.036) when compared to their opposite groups. Screen time was not statistically significantly associated with total HRQOL.

Conclusions: The joint association found in our study suggests that at least three habits must change to improve the HRQOL of children and adolescents (physical activity, food consumption, and sleep duration). Therefore, interventions in schools to promote a healthy lifestyle to achieve a better HRQOL should include a multidisciplinary team to properly guide children and adolescents about these habits simultaneously.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the self-efficacy and healthy lifestyle behavior levels in adolescents with asthma.

Materials and methods: Socio-demographic questionnaire form, questions about adherence to asthma medication, asthma control test, healthy lifestyle behaviors scale, and self-efficacy scale for children and adolescents with asthma were administered to 150 patients whom age range between 12-18, in follow up with asthma in the pediatric allergy outpatient clinic.

Results: There was no statistically significant relationship between healthy lifestyle behaviors scale and self-efficacy scale scores between adolescents with controlled and uncontrolled asthma. When patients were grouped regarding the treatment compliance, both healthy lifestyle behaviors scale and asthma self-efficacy scale scores were found to be higher in patients with treatment compliance. When the patients were grouped on the basis of gender, regular follow-up visits, and smoking, there was no significant difference between healthy lifestyle behaviors and self-efficacy scale scores.

Conclusions: The findings showed us the importance of the relationship between healthy living and adolescent self-efficacy in adherence to treatment, while there are many more components in asthma control.

Objectives: Paediatric Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (pCFS) is a common condition that significantly disrupts a healthy psychosocial development. Psychiatric symptoms associated with pCFS are conceptualized as either part of its complex etiology, its consequence, or as a comorbidity. However, patients with this condition are rarely seen by psychiatrists. This scoping review aims to explore the role of psychiatry in the diagnosis and treatment of pCFS.

Content: A scoping review of literature was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane and PsycINFO. Databases were searched for articles describing psychiatric involvement in the diagnosis or treatment of children and adolescents (age ≤ 18) with pCFS. A grey literature search was also conducted to identify additional guidelines and national recommendations to identify the role of psychiatry in the diagnosis and treatment of pCFS.

Summary: The search provided 436 articles of which 16 met inclusion criteria. Grey literature search identified 12 relevant guidelines. Most studies and guidelines did not include any psychiatric involvement in the care of patients with pCFS. If psychiatry was mentioned, it was used interchangeably with psychological interventions or in the context of treating distinct psychiatric comorbidities and suicidal ideation.

Outlook: The role of psychiatry in diagnosis and treatment of pCFS is poorly defined. Future research is required to understand how psychiatrists can contribute to the care of patients with pCFS.