R. Bharose, A. S. Dohare, U. Babu, Sanjeev Kumar, R. Pal
The present investigation was conducted at the technology farmer field of district Shravasti during Kharif seasons 2021 and 2022. The Six treatment viz., control (T1), 100% RDF (T2), 50% RDF+Geen Manure (T3), 100% RDF +Zn (T4), FYM+Green Manure (T5), FYM+ Green Manure +Zn (T6) were replicated in randomized block design in Rice crop variety Rajendra Bhagwati. The data recorded revealed that 100% RDF +Zn increased Number of panicles hill-1, test weight, grain and straw yield. The treatment combination FYM+ Green Manure +Zn was found most effective improving yield and yield attributes. The maximum reduction of pH and maximum availability of O.C, N, P, K, S and zinc in soil was also recorded higher under FYM+ Green Manure +Zn. The nutrients status of soil was improved at higher level of nitrogen and the effect was more noticeable when nitrogen was applied by organic manure.
{"title":"Effect of Integrated Use of Fertilizers, Farm Yard Manure, Green Manure and Zinc on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Productivity and Soil Fertility","authors":"R. Bharose, A. S. Dohare, U. Babu, Sanjeev Kumar, R. Pal","doi":"10.23910/2/2023.0506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/2/2023.0506","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was conducted at the technology farmer field of district Shravasti during Kharif seasons 2021 and 2022. The Six treatment viz., control (T1), 100% RDF (T2), 50% RDF+Geen Manure (T3), 100% RDF +Zn (T4), FYM+Green Manure (T5), FYM+ Green Manure +Zn (T6) were replicated in randomized block design in Rice crop variety Rajendra Bhagwati. The data recorded revealed that 100% RDF +Zn increased Number of panicles hill-1, test weight, grain and straw yield. The treatment combination FYM+ Green Manure +Zn was found most effective improving yield and yield attributes. The maximum reduction of pH and maximum availability of O.C, N, P, K, S and zinc in soil was also recorded higher under FYM+ Green Manure +Zn. The nutrients status of soil was improved at higher level of nitrogen and the effect was more noticeable when nitrogen was applied by organic manure.","PeriodicalId":13829,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Plants","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87392044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kantwa, C. Jadon, B. Ram, S. Kantwa, J. Tetarwal, S. L. Kantwa, L. R. Yadav, R. Yadav
A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm of Agricultural Research Station, Ummedganj, Kota (Agriculture University, Kota), Rajasthan, India during kharif 2019 to find out the most effective herbicide combination for limiting the menace of weeds in maize. Results showed that application of herbicides observed highest net returns, B: C ratio and nutrient uptake. Among herbicides, atrazine 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fbtopramezone 25.2 g a.i.ha-1 at 20-25 DAS fetched significantly highest net returns of `54984 ha-1 being at par with atrazine 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fbtembotrione 120.75 g a.i. ha-1 at 20-25 DAS (`52500 ha-1), over rest of the treatments under investigation. Furthermore, maximum and significantly higher Benefit: cost ratio was obtained in treatment receiving atrazine 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fbtopramezone 25.2 g a.i. ha-1 at 20-25 DAS (3.42).A weedy crop resulted least nutrient uptake than weed free crop.The highest nutrient uptake (kg ha-1) was recorded under treatment receiving two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS followed by atrazine 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fbtopramezone 25.2 g a.i. ha-1 at 20-25 DAS. Treatment two hand weeding at 20 & 40 DAS being at par with atrazine 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) + hand weeding at 30 DAS with in situ mulching with weeds, atrazine 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fbtembotrione 120.75 g a.i. ha-1 at 20-25 DAS, and atrazine 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fbtopramezone 25.2 g a.i. ha-1 at 20-25 DAS recorded significantly highest nutrient uptake in grain, stover and total over rest of the treatments under investigation. Minimum nitrogen uptake was obtained under treatment weedy check.Thus, pre-emergence application of atrazine 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) followed by topramezone 25.2 g a.i. ha-1 at 20-25 DAS is recommended for highest net returns and nutrient uptake of maize.
2019年农作季期间，在印度拉贾斯坦邦Kota市Ummedganj农业研究站研究农场进行了一项田间试验，以找出限制玉米杂草威胁的最有效除草剂组合。结果表明，施用除草剂取得了最高的净收益、B: C比和养分吸收率。在除草剂中，莠去津500 g a.i.ha-1 (PE) fbtopamezone 25.2 g a.i.ha-1在20-25 DAS的净收益最高，与莠去津500 g a.i.ha-1 (PE) fbtembotrione 120.75 g a.i.ha-1在20-25 DAS (52500 ha-1)的净收益相当。此外，在20-25 DAS时，使用阿特拉津500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE)和btopamezone 25.2 g a.i. ha-1(3.42)的治疗获得了最大且显著更高的效益:成本比。有杂草的作物比无杂草的作物吸收养分最少。在20和40 DAS时，双手除草处理的养分吸收量最高(kg ha-1)，其次是阿特拉津500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE)和阿特拉津25.2 g a.i. ha-1 (20-25 DAS)。在20和40 DAS进行两次手除草处理与阿特拉津500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) + 30 DAS进行手除草并就地覆盖杂草，在20-25 DAS进行阿特拉津500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE)和阿特拉津500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE)，在20-25 DAS进行阿特拉津120.75 g a.i. ha-1，在20-25 DAS进行阿特拉津500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE)和阿特拉津25.2 g a.i. ha-1，在20-25 DAS记录了籽粒、秸秆和总养分吸收显著高于其他处理。在杂草检查处理下，氮素吸收量最小。因此，建议在苗期前施用阿特拉津500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE)，然后施用topamezone 25.2 g a.i. ha-1 (20-25 DAS)，可获得最高的玉米净收益和养分吸收。
{"title":"Comparative Efficiency of Different Weed Management Practices on Economics as well as Nutrient Uptake in Maize","authors":"S. Kantwa, C. Jadon, B. Ram, S. Kantwa, J. Tetarwal, S. L. Kantwa, L. R. Yadav, R. Yadav","doi":"10.23910/2/2023.0502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/2/2023.0502","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted at Research Farm of Agricultural Research Station, Ummedganj, Kota (Agriculture University, Kota), Rajasthan, India during kharif 2019 to find out the most effective herbicide combination for limiting the menace of weeds in maize. Results showed that application of herbicides observed highest net returns, B: C ratio and nutrient uptake. Among herbicides, atrazine 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fbtopramezone 25.2 g a.i.ha-1 at 20-25 DAS fetched significantly highest net returns of `54984 ha-1 being at par with atrazine 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fbtembotrione 120.75 g a.i. ha-1 at 20-25 DAS (`52500 ha-1), over rest of the treatments under investigation. Furthermore, maximum and significantly higher Benefit: cost ratio was obtained in treatment receiving atrazine 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fbtopramezone 25.2 g a.i. ha-1 at 20-25 DAS (3.42).A weedy crop resulted least nutrient uptake than weed free crop.The highest nutrient uptake (kg ha-1) was recorded under treatment receiving two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS followed by atrazine 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fbtopramezone 25.2 g a.i. ha-1 at 20-25 DAS. Treatment two hand weeding at 20 & 40 DAS being at par with atrazine 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) + hand weeding at 30 DAS with in situ mulching with weeds, atrazine 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fbtembotrione 120.75 g a.i. ha-1 at 20-25 DAS, and atrazine 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) fbtopramezone 25.2 g a.i. ha-1 at 20-25 DAS recorded significantly highest nutrient uptake in grain, stover and total over rest of the treatments under investigation. Minimum nitrogen uptake was obtained under treatment weedy check.Thus, pre-emergence application of atrazine 500 g a.i. ha-1 (PE) followed by topramezone 25.2 g a.i. ha-1 at 20-25 DAS is recommended for highest net returns and nutrient uptake of maize.","PeriodicalId":13829,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Plants","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89694774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sakshi Singh, A. Joshi, A. Vikram, S. Kansal, Sudha Singh
A study on genetic diversity was conducted at Experimental Farm of Regional Horticultural Research and Training Station Dhaulakuan, District Sirmour (HP), Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India during kharif season, 2018 to assess the genetic diversity in 21 genotypes of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) and to identify suitable donors for successful breeding programme in this crop.The twenty one (21) chilli genotypes were evaluated for seven horticultural traits viz., days to 50% flowering, days to first green fruit picking, fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), number of fruits plant-1, fruit weight at edible maturity (g), green fruits yield plant-1 (g). The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications at spacing of 45×45 cm2. By estimating D2 values in all possible combinations of the genotypes, the 21 genotypes of chilli were grouped into 6 clusters based on green fruit characters, revealing the genetic diversity among the parents. Cluster IV had maximum (6) andCluster I with only one genotype. Average intra-cluster distance was maximum in cluster VI (19.56). The inter cluster distance was recorded maximum between cluster I and VI (207.49). Therefore, hybridization between the genotypes from cluster I and VI (green) can be utilized for getting superior recombinants/ transgressive segregants in segregating generations of chilli.
{"title":"Divergence Studies in Chilli Genotypes (Capsicum annuum L.)","authors":"Sakshi Singh, A. Joshi, A. Vikram, S. Kansal, Sudha Singh","doi":"10.23910/2/2023.0512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/2/2023.0512","url":null,"abstract":"A study on genetic diversity was conducted at Experimental Farm of Regional Horticultural Research and Training Station Dhaulakuan, District Sirmour (HP), Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India during kharif season, 2018 to assess the genetic diversity in 21 genotypes of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) and to identify suitable donors for successful breeding programme in this crop.The twenty one (21) chilli genotypes were evaluated for seven horticultural traits viz., days to 50% flowering, days to first green fruit picking, fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), number of fruits plant-1, fruit weight at edible maturity (g), green fruits yield plant-1 (g). The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications at spacing of 45×45 cm2. By estimating D2 values in all possible combinations of the genotypes, the 21 genotypes of chilli were grouped into 6 clusters based on green fruit characters, revealing the genetic diversity among the parents. Cluster IV had maximum (6) andCluster I with only one genotype. Average intra-cluster distance was maximum in cluster VI (19.56). The inter cluster distance was recorded maximum between cluster I and VI (207.49). Therefore, hybridization between the genotypes from cluster I and VI (green) can be utilized for getting superior recombinants/ transgressive segregants in segregating generations of chilli.","PeriodicalId":13829,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Plants","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87182218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Nayak, K. Naik, Raju Padiya, A. Yugandhar, G. V. Kumar
The present study was conducted at department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, during September to November, 2021 with the blackgram accession- IC-436524 obtained from NBPGR regional centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India and the check T9 was collected from ICAR-CRIDA Hyderabad. The present study aimed to estimate the mutagenic sensitivity of black gram accession- IC-436524 with Ethyl methane sulfonate. Accordingly, this study checked whether the mutagenic activity has been inherited to the next generation M2. Data analysis has been performed for the determination of significance in germination percentage, seedling length (cm), seedling vigor index, root length (cm) and seed survival rate (Day 1 to Day 15) that were observed to be highly significant (p<0.01) for above characters except root length (cm) for treatments. It clearly indicated that there was adequate amount of variability among the black gram mutant due to treatments. The collected data for 7th day observed that seed germination percentage was higher at 0.2% and 0.3% EMS treated mutants and lowest germination percentage was observed in 0.5% EMS treated mutants. Seedling length (cm) was recorded highest in 0.2% EMS treated mutants and lowest seedling length (cm) was recorded in control. Maximum seedling vigor index was recorded in 0.2% EMS treated mutants and lowest seedling vigor index was showed for 0.5% EMS treated mutants. Seedling survival rate data was recorded for 15th day showed higher in 0.2% EMS treated mutants. Data showed EMS has induced mutations during M1 generation and inherited to offspring (M2 generation).
{"title":"Assessment on Seedling Traits of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) Mutants Raised during M2 Generation","authors":"B. Nayak, K. Naik, Raju Padiya, A. Yugandhar, G. V. Kumar","doi":"10.23910/2/2023.0502a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/2/2023.0502a","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted at department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, during September to November, 2021 with the blackgram accession- IC-436524 obtained from NBPGR regional centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India and the check T9 was collected from ICAR-CRIDA Hyderabad. The present study aimed to estimate the mutagenic sensitivity of black gram accession- IC-436524 with Ethyl methane sulfonate. Accordingly, this study checked whether the mutagenic activity has been inherited to the next generation M2. Data analysis has been performed for the determination of significance in germination percentage, seedling length (cm), seedling vigor index, root length (cm) and seed survival rate (Day 1 to Day 15) that were observed to be highly significant (p<0.01) for above characters except root length (cm) for treatments. It clearly indicated that there was adequate amount of variability among the black gram mutant due to treatments. The collected data for 7th day observed that seed germination percentage was higher at 0.2% and 0.3% EMS treated mutants and lowest germination percentage was observed in 0.5% EMS treated mutants. Seedling length (cm) was recorded highest in 0.2% EMS treated mutants and lowest seedling length (cm) was recorded in control. Maximum seedling vigor index was recorded in 0.2% EMS treated mutants and lowest seedling vigor index was showed for 0.5% EMS treated mutants. Seedling survival rate data was recorded for 15th day showed higher in 0.2% EMS treated mutants. Data showed EMS has induced mutations during M1 generation and inherited to offspring (M2 generation).","PeriodicalId":13829,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Plants","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78653293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Yernaidu, Y. Parameswari, M. Madhavi, T. Ramprakash
A field experiment was conducted during rabi season (November to February, 2020–21) at College Farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The farm is geographically positioned at 17°19’16.4” North latitude and 78°24’43” East longitude and at an altitude of 542.3 m above the mean sea level. According to troll’s climatic classification, it is categorized under semi-arid tropics (SAT). The experimental field was sandy loam texture with available nitrogen (223 kg ha-1), available phosphorus (30.87 kg ha-1) and potassium (375.72 kg ha-1). Mustard variety NRCHB-101 was sown with seed rate of 4 kg ha-1. The seeds were sown in solid rows 40 cm apart between rows and at a depth of 3‒4 cm and covered with loose soil immediately after seeding. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with twelve treatments and replicated thrice. The data was analyzed using standard statistical techniques. Among different weed management practices, higher nutrient uptake (59.57, 24.51, 52.46 kg ha-1 ) by crop were observed under intercultivation and hand weeding at 15 and 30 DAS and it was on par with Oxadiargyl 6% EC 0.09 kg ha-1 PE fb intercultivation at 30 DAS. Similarly higher gross and net returns (68933/- and 42952/-) were noticed with intercultivation and hand weeding at 15 and 30 DAS and it was on par with Oxadiargyl 6% EC 0.09 kg ha- 1PE fb intercultivation at 30 DAS. Higher B:C ratio was noticed under Oxadiargyl 6% EC 0.09 kg ha-1 PE fb intercultivation at 30 DAS (2.96).
在rabi季节(2020 - 2021年11月至2月)，在海德拉巴Rajendranagar农业学院的College Farm进行了田间试验。该农场地理位置位于北纬17°19 ' 16.4 "，东经78°24 ' 43 "，平均海拔542.3米。根据troll的气候分类，它属于半干旱热带(SAT)。试验田为砂壤土，速效氮223 kg ha-1，速效磷30.87 kg ha-1，速效钾375.72 kg ha-1。油菜品种NRCHB-101播种量为4 kg hm -1。种子以实心行播种，行与行之间间隔40厘米，播种深度3-4厘米，播种后立即用松散土壤覆盖。试验采用随机区组设计，12个处理，重复3次。使用标准统计技术对数据进行了分析。在不同的杂草管理措施中，15和30 DAS间作和手除草对作物养分的吸收量分别为59.57、24.51和52.46 kg ha-1，与30 DAS间作草二甘菊6% EC 0.09 kg ha-1 PE fb相当。同样，在15和30 DAS时进行交叉栽培和手除草也可以获得更高的总收益和净收益(68933/-和42952/-)，与30 DAS时进行草甘醇6% EC 0.09 kg ha- 1PE / fb的交叉栽培相当。在30 DAS(2.96)条件下，草甘膦6% EC 0.09 kg hm -1 PE / fb杂交培养的B:C比值较高。
{"title":"Effect of Weed Management Practices on Nutrient Uptake and Economics of Mustard (Brassica juncea)","authors":"Y. Yernaidu, Y. Parameswari, M. Madhavi, T. Ramprakash","doi":"10.23910/2/2023.0504a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/2/2023.0504a","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted during rabi season (November to February, 2020–21) at College Farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The farm is geographically positioned at 17°19’16.4” North latitude and 78°24’43” East longitude and at an altitude of 542.3 m above the mean sea level. According to troll’s climatic classification, it is categorized under semi-arid tropics (SAT). The experimental field was sandy loam texture with available nitrogen (223 kg ha-1), available phosphorus (30.87 kg ha-1) and potassium (375.72 kg ha-1). Mustard variety NRCHB-101 was sown with seed rate of 4 kg ha-1. The seeds were sown in solid rows 40 cm apart between rows and at a depth of 3‒4 cm and covered with loose soil immediately after seeding. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with twelve treatments and replicated thrice. The data was analyzed using standard statistical techniques. Among different weed management practices, higher nutrient uptake (59.57, 24.51, 52.46 kg ha-1 ) by crop were observed under intercultivation and hand weeding at 15 and 30 DAS and it was on par with Oxadiargyl 6% EC 0.09 kg ha-1 PE fb intercultivation at 30 DAS. Similarly higher gross and net returns (68933/- and 42952/-) were noticed with intercultivation and hand weeding at 15 and 30 DAS and it was on par with Oxadiargyl 6% EC 0.09 kg ha- 1PE fb intercultivation at 30 DAS. Higher B:C ratio was noticed under Oxadiargyl 6% EC 0.09 kg ha-1 PE fb intercultivation at 30 DAS (2.96).","PeriodicalId":13829,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Plants","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84299574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ashwath, B. Sathish, A. Akshayakumari, H. R. Rashmitha, Leosh D. Alex, G. Devagiri
The present study emphasized on wood trait indices of Acrocarpus fraxinifolius for understanding the suitability of the species for paper and pulp industries. The study was conducted at the College of Forestry, Ponnampet, Karnataka in 2020. The wood core samples were collected from the trees falling under 130 to 150 cm girth class, standing in coffee-based agroforestry systems of Kodagu, Karnataka, India. A total of 12 wood core samples were collected using the Presseler’s increment borer at breast height level. For wood fibre analysis the core portion was divided and three, i.e., near to the pith portion, middle and periphery, and made as a composite sample. Core samples were macerated using Jeffreys solution technique at Forest Product and Utilization Laboratory, College of Forestry, UAHS, Shivamogga. Fifty measurements on fibre parameters (Fibre length, Fibre width, Fibre wall thickness, and Fibre Lumen width) were recorded for each sample under a stereomicroscope with an inbuilt Image Analyzer. The mean fibre properties recorded, were used for calculating wood anatomical indices such as the Runkel ratio, Slenderness ratio, Flexibility coefficient, and Rigidity coefficient using standard formulas. The mean Runkel ratio, Slenderness ratio, Flexibility coefficient, and Rigidity coefficient were 0.580, 60.132, 63.290, and 0.184 respectively. The anatomical screening suggests that the species can be used as raw material for paper production, based on the indices. Further research is required to explore the mechanical and chemical properties of commercial exploitation for pulping.
{"title":"Suitability of Acrocarpus fraxinifolius as a Pulping Raw Material","authors":"M. Ashwath, B. Sathish, A. Akshayakumari, H. R. Rashmitha, Leosh D. Alex, G. Devagiri","doi":"10.23910/2/2023.0506a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/2/2023.0506a","url":null,"abstract":"The present study emphasized on wood trait indices of Acrocarpus fraxinifolius for understanding the suitability of the species for paper and pulp industries. The study was conducted at the College of Forestry, Ponnampet, Karnataka in 2020. The wood core samples were collected from the trees falling under 130 to 150 cm girth class, standing in coffee-based agroforestry systems of Kodagu, Karnataka, India. A total of 12 wood core samples were collected using the Presseler’s increment borer at breast height level. For wood fibre analysis the core portion was divided and three, i.e., near to the pith portion, middle and periphery, and made as a composite sample. Core samples were macerated using Jeffreys solution technique at Forest Product and Utilization Laboratory, College of Forestry, UAHS, Shivamogga. Fifty measurements on fibre parameters (Fibre length, Fibre width, Fibre wall thickness, and Fibre Lumen width) were recorded for each sample under a stereomicroscope with an inbuilt Image Analyzer. The mean fibre properties recorded, were used for calculating wood anatomical indices such as the Runkel ratio, Slenderness ratio, Flexibility coefficient, and Rigidity coefficient using standard formulas. The mean Runkel ratio, Slenderness ratio, Flexibility coefficient, and Rigidity coefficient were 0.580, 60.132, 63.290, and 0.184 respectively. The anatomical screening suggests that the species can be used as raw material for paper production, based on the indices. Further research is required to explore the mechanical and chemical properties of commercial exploitation for pulping.","PeriodicalId":13829,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Plants","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83653776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The field experiments were conducted during rainy season (June to October) and winter season (November to April) of 2010−11 and 2011−12 at the research farm of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to assess the effect of tillage and residue management practices on yields and nurient uptake by crops in rice –wheat cropping system. Direct seeding under unpuddled condition, transplanting under puddled condition, brown manuring and mungbean residue incorporation before sowing of direct-seeded rice were practiced in rice, while zero-till sowing, conventional till sowing and rice residue application with zero-till wheat were tested in wheat crop. During first year nutrient uptake under transplanted rice was significantly higher than the rest of the treatments. In second year, treatments where rice residue was applied in previous season wheat crop and mungbean residue incorporation showed comparable N, P and K uptake with the TPR treatments. In case of wheat the uptake of nutrients were not significantly influenced during first year of study but in second year, the treatments where rice residue was applied with zero-till wheat and mungbean residue was incorporated in previous DSR showed significantly higher N, P and K uptake. In first year of study TPR produced significantly higher yield (5.37 t ha-1) while in second year mungbean residue incorporation with direct seeded rice produced significantly at par yield (5.61 t ha-1) than the transplanted rice (5.75 t ha-1). Productivity of wheat under all the treatments during first year remained at par but in second year MBR+DSR-ZTW+RR-MB produced significantly highest yield (5.33 t ha-1).
在2010 - 11年和2011 - 12年的雨季(6 - 10月)和冬季(11 - 4月)，在新德里印度农业研究所的研究农场进行了田间试验，以评估耕作和残留管理措施对水稻-小麦种植系统作物产量和养分吸收的影响。水稻进行了直播水稻免耕、水坑移栽、播前褐肥和绿豆渣的施用试验，小麦进行了免耕、常规免耕和稻渣与小麦免耕的施用试验。第一年移栽水稻的养分吸收量显著高于其他处理。在第二年，前季小麦作物中施用稻渣和绿豆渣的处理与TPR处理的氮、磷、钾吸收相当。小麦对养分的吸收在第一年无显著影响，但在第二年，稻渣与免耕小麦和绿豆渣混合的处理在前一次DSR中显著提高了氮、磷和钾的吸收。试验第一年绿豆渣与直接播种稻配种产量显著提高(5.37 t hm -1)，第二年绿豆渣与直接播种稻配种产量显著高于移栽稻(5.75 t hm -1)，产量为5.61 t hm -1。各处理第一年产量基本持平，但第二年MBR+DSR-ZTW+RR-MB产量显著最高(5.33 t hm -1)。
{"title":"Yield and Nutrient Uptake Influenced by Tillage Crop Establishment and Residue Management in Rice-Wheat Cropping System","authors":"B. Dudwal, T. K. Das, S. K. Dudwal","doi":"10.23910/2/2023.0502b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/2/2023.0502b","url":null,"abstract":"The field experiments were conducted during rainy season (June to October) and winter season (November to April) of 2010−11 and 2011−12 at the research farm of Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to assess the effect of tillage and residue management practices on yields and nurient uptake by crops in rice –wheat cropping system. Direct seeding under unpuddled condition, transplanting under puddled condition, brown manuring and mungbean residue incorporation before sowing of direct-seeded rice were practiced in rice, while zero-till sowing, conventional till sowing and rice residue application with zero-till wheat were tested in wheat crop. During first year nutrient uptake under transplanted rice was significantly higher than the rest of the treatments. In second year, treatments where rice residue was applied in previous season wheat crop and mungbean residue incorporation showed comparable N, P and K uptake with the TPR treatments. In case of wheat the uptake of nutrients were not significantly influenced during first year of study but in second year, the treatments where rice residue was applied with zero-till wheat and mungbean residue was incorporated in previous DSR showed significantly higher N, P and K uptake. In first year of study TPR produced significantly higher yield (5.37 t ha-1) while in second year mungbean residue incorporation with direct seeded rice produced significantly at par yield (5.61 t ha-1) than the transplanted rice (5.75 t ha-1). Productivity of wheat under all the treatments during first year remained at par but in second year MBR+DSR-ZTW+RR-MB produced significantly highest yield (5.33 t ha-1).","PeriodicalId":13829,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Plants","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84797981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims at identifying the major soil borne pathogens of tomato associated with damping-off in nursery areas. To achieve this, tomato nurseries of plant pathology farm of our area has been investigated. Samples with damping-off symptoms were collected and cultured under aseptic conditions. Fungi were isolated from diseased stem and roots on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Growing colonies of fungi were purified by single spore and hyphal tip methods. Based on the morphological characters and pathogenicity tests, fungal species were identified as Pythium ultimum, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii.
{"title":"Phyto-Pathogenic Fungi Associated with Damping-off of Tomato in Himachal Pradesh","authors":"S. Bhardwaj, Meenu Gupta","doi":"10.23910/2/2023.0511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/2/2023.0511","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims at identifying the major soil borne pathogens of tomato associated with damping-off in nursery areas. To achieve this, tomato nurseries of plant pathology farm of our area has been investigated. Samples with damping-off symptoms were collected and cultured under aseptic conditions. Fungi were isolated from diseased stem and roots on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Growing colonies of fungi were purified by single spore and hyphal tip methods. Based on the morphological characters and pathogenicity tests, fungal species were identified as Pythium ultimum, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii.","PeriodicalId":13829,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Plants","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80097345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Field experiment was conducted during dry seasons for 2 consecutive years at College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad on no-till maize after lowland kharif rice on sandy clay loam soil. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with factorial concept and replicated thrice. Treatments executed are three Phosphorus levels (30, 45 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1) and three Phosphorus application times (at 10 days before harvest of rice, at the time of sowing of maize and at the time of first irrigation to maize). The results revealed that application of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 recorded superior grain and stover yield, gross returns, net returns, benefit cost ratio and nutrient uptake (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) at crop harvest over that of 45 and 30 kg P2O5 ha-1. But, application of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 left behind the soil with lower amount of available Nitrogen and Potassium and higher Phosphorus status after harvest of the crop. Application of phosphorus at 10 days before harvest of rice and at the time of sowing of maize being on par resulted in better grain and stover yield of maize, gross returns, net returns, benefit cost ratio and nutrient uptake (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) at crop harvest over its delayed application (at the time of first irrigation to maize). The application of Phosphorus at 10 days before harvest of rice or at the time of sowing of maize depleted greater amount of available Phosphorus from the soil than its application along with first irrigation.
在海得拉巴Rajendranagar农业学院连续2年旱季在沙质粘土壤土上进行了免耕玉米试验。试验采用随机区组设计，采用因子设计，重复3次。施用三种磷水平(30、45和60 kg P2O5 ha-1)和三次施磷(水稻收获前10天、玉米播种时和玉米首次灌溉时)。结果表明，施用60 kg P2O5 ha-1的籽粒和秸秆产量、总收益、净收益、效益成本比和作物收获时的养分吸收(氮、磷、钾)均优于施用45和30 kg P2O5 ha-1。但施用60 kg P2O5 ha-1后，作物收获后土壤速效氮钾含量较低，磷含量较高。在水稻收获前10天和玉米播种时同等施磷，玉米籽粒和秸秆产量、总收益、净收益、效益成本比和作物收获时(玉米第一次灌溉时)的养分吸收(氮、磷、钾)均优于延迟施磷。在水稻收获前10天或玉米播种时施用磷肥比第一次灌溉时施用磷肥消耗了更多的土壤有效磷。
{"title":"Effect of Different Rates and Time of Application of Phosphorus on Yield, Soil Fertility, Nutrient Uptake and Monetary Returns of No-till Maize (Zea mays L.) after Lowland Rice","authors":"C. Ramesh, M. .. Ramana, G. Sree","doi":"10.23910/2/2022.0485a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/2/2022.0485a","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiment was conducted during dry seasons for 2 consecutive years at College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad on no-till maize after lowland kharif rice on sandy clay loam soil. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with factorial concept and replicated thrice. Treatments executed are three Phosphorus levels (30, 45 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1) and three Phosphorus application times (at 10 days before harvest of rice, at the time of sowing of maize and at the time of first irrigation to maize). The results revealed that application of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 recorded superior grain and stover yield, gross returns, net returns, benefit cost ratio and nutrient uptake (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) at crop harvest over that of 45 and 30 kg P2O5 ha-1. But, application of 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 left behind the soil with lower amount of available Nitrogen and Potassium and higher Phosphorus status after harvest of the crop. Application of phosphorus at 10 days before harvest of rice and at the time of sowing of maize being on par resulted in better grain and stover yield of maize, gross returns, net returns, benefit cost ratio and nutrient uptake (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) at crop harvest over its delayed application (at the time of first irrigation to maize). The application of Phosphorus at 10 days before harvest of rice or at the time of sowing of maize depleted greater amount of available Phosphorus from the soil than its application along with first irrigation.","PeriodicalId":13829,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Plants","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87122872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ishani Mohan, Rishav Paul, Nadam Akshay Kumar, S. Kaushal
Organic farming is usually regarded to be more environmentally friendly than conventional farming. On this subject, we perform a global literature review. Organic farming employs integrated production practises that reduce the environmental impact of inorganic fertilisers, herbicides, and genetically modified organisms. In terms of environmental and climate change effects, organic farming is less polluting than conventional farming when measured per unit of land. Organic cuisine is gaining popularity around the world. The main driver of increased demand is consumer concern about the detrimental impacts of conventional agriculture on the environment and human health. All across the world, various organic agricultural practises are practised. They are united by common aims of economic, environmental, and social sustainability. Many countries currently have specific legislative underpinnings for organic farming, as well as production and processing certification programmes. The expansion of organic agriculture practises and markets demonstrates how this is a viable alternative to intensification. More political will and scientific money could help realise more of this potential. In addition to developing organic agriculture, this should inform and improve the sustainability of other forms of agriculture.
{"title":"Organic Farming's Impact on the Environment: The Controversy","authors":"Ishani Mohan, Rishav Paul, Nadam Akshay Kumar, S. Kaushal","doi":"10.23910/2/2022.0497a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/2/2022.0497a","url":null,"abstract":"Organic farming is usually regarded to be more environmentally friendly than conventional farming. On this subject, we perform a global literature review. Organic farming employs integrated production practises that reduce the environmental impact of inorganic fertilisers, herbicides, and genetically modified organisms. In terms of environmental and climate change effects, organic farming is less polluting than conventional farming when measured per unit of land. Organic cuisine is gaining popularity around the world. The main driver of increased demand is consumer concern about the detrimental impacts of conventional agriculture on the environment and human health. All across the world, various organic agricultural practises are practised. They are united by common aims of economic, environmental, and social sustainability. Many countries currently have specific legislative underpinnings for organic farming, as well as production and processing certification programmes. The expansion of organic agriculture practises and markets demonstrates how this is a viable alternative to intensification. More political will and scientific money could help realise more of this potential. In addition to developing organic agriculture, this should inform and improve the sustainability of other forms of agriculture.","PeriodicalId":13829,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Plants","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82698409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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