R. Harisha, D. Bhadru, S. Vanisri, V. Shankar, K. Bhargava, Adithya P Balakrishnan, N. Rathan
The current study was conducted at Seed Research and Technology Center (SRTC), Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, Telangana state, India to understand traits association with yield components and their direct and indirect influence on seed/grain yield during the kharif season (July to November) 2018–19. Eighteen elite rice genotypes were evaluated for eight yield attributing traits in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Correlation study among the genotypes reveals that, genotypic correlation coefficients were slightly higher than phenotypic correlation coefficients for most traits showed the influence of genetic composition on the lines’ expression. Highly significant and positive strong correlation observed for days to maturity and days to 50% flowering (0.8955 and 0.8230), while moderate positive correlation observed for productive tillers plant-1 and panicle length (0.5744 and 0.3571) at genotypic and phenotypic level respectively. However, Seed yield plant-1 depicted a strong and positive correlation with thousand seed weight (0.4048 and 0.3895), while very low with number of productive tillers plant-1 (0.0579 and 0.0524) at the phenotypic and genotypic levels. The results of path analysis revealed that the thousand seed weight has a high and significant genotypic (0.3286*) and phenotypic path coefficient value (0.3198) indicates high positive direct effects on the seed yield and days to 50% flowering (0.2252) shows strong and positive direct impact on the seed yield. These traits could be used as selection criteria to improve the grain yield and grain quality in the rice breeding programs.
{"title":"Delineating the Association of Component Traits and their Effects on Yield in Elite Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh","authors":"R. Harisha, D. Bhadru, S. Vanisri, V. Shankar, K. Bhargava, Adithya P Balakrishnan, N. Rathan","doi":"10.23910/2/2022.0482d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/2/2022.0482d","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was conducted at Seed Research and Technology Center (SRTC), Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, Telangana state, India to understand traits association with yield components and their direct and indirect influence on seed/grain yield during the kharif season (July to November) 2018–19. Eighteen elite rice genotypes were evaluated for eight yield attributing traits in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Correlation study among the genotypes reveals that, genotypic correlation coefficients were slightly higher than phenotypic correlation coefficients for most traits showed the influence of genetic composition on the lines’ expression. Highly significant and positive strong correlation observed for days to maturity and days to 50% flowering (0.8955 and 0.8230), while moderate positive correlation observed for productive tillers plant-1 and panicle length (0.5744 and 0.3571) at genotypic and phenotypic level respectively. However, Seed yield plant-1 depicted a strong and positive correlation with thousand seed weight (0.4048 and 0.3895), while very low with number of productive tillers plant-1 (0.0579 and 0.0524) at the phenotypic and genotypic levels. The results of path analysis revealed that the thousand seed weight has a high and significant genotypic (0.3286*) and phenotypic path coefficient value (0.3198) indicates high positive direct effects on the seed yield and days to 50% flowering (0.2252) shows strong and positive direct impact on the seed yield. These traits could be used as selection criteria to improve the grain yield and grain quality in the rice breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":13829,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73422681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-25DOI: 10.23910/2/2022.ijep0490
K. Swaroop, K. P. Singh, A. Kumar, R. Misra
This experiment was conducted with twenty-five gladiolus hybrids along with a check at the research farm of the Division of Floriculture & Landscaping, ICAR, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the performance and suitability of hybrids for different traits. The mean performance of gladiolus hybrid data was highly significant for all the characters studied; however, the results indicated that early flowering was seen in six hybrids such as Smokey Lady×Heady Wine Open seedling, The Berton Open seedling, Green Willow× Oscar, Shweta×Regency, Canada×Green Finch and Howard×Rose Time Steamboat and ranging from 82.33 to 86.00 days after planting. The maximum plant height 127.66 cm, spike length 116.00 cm and rachis length 63.33 cm were observed in Rose Time Steamboat hybrid, but number of florets per plant 19.33 was recorded in Canada×Green Finch hybrid. The number of corms i.e., three or more than three were recorded in seven hybrids namely; Oscar×Green Willow, (Snow Princess×Ratna)×Urmil, Smokey Lady×Mayur, Snow Princess.×Howard, Berlew Open seedling (Dark orange), Rose Time Steamboat Open seedling and Pink Parassol Open seedling respectively; whereas number of cormels in the range of 50.00 – 64.00 were recorded in five hybrids including check variety.
本试验采用25个剑兰杂交种，并在新德里印度农业研究所ICAR花卉栽培与园林绿化部的研究农场进行了检查，以研究不同性状的杂交性能和适宜性。剑兰杂交种各性状的平均表现均极显著;结果表明，烟枪Lady×Heady Wine开放式苗、the Berton开放式苗、Green willowx Oscar、Shweta×Regency、Canada×Green Finch和Howard×Rose Time Steamboat等6个杂交品种在播种后82.33 ~ 86.00 d均出现了早开花现象。玫瑰时间蒸汽船杂交种最高株高127.66 cm，穗长116.00 cm，轴长63.33 cm, Canada×Green雀属杂交种最高株数19.33。7个杂交种的球茎数分别为:3个或3个以上;Oscar×Green柳树，(雪Princess×Ratna)×Urmil，斯莫基Lady×Mayur，雪公主。×Howard、白杨裸苗(暗橙色)、玫瑰时光汽船裸苗、粉红梧桐裸苗;而包括检验品种在内的5个杂交种的籽粒数在50.00 ~ 64.00之间。
{"title":"Morphological Evaluation and Selection of Gladiolus (Gladiolus×Hybridus L.) Hybrids for Commercial Traits","authors":"K. Swaroop, K. P. Singh, A. Kumar, R. Misra","doi":"10.23910/2/2022.ijep0490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/2/2022.ijep0490","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment was conducted with twenty-five gladiolus hybrids along with a check at the research farm of the Division of Floriculture & Landscaping, ICAR, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the performance and suitability of hybrids for different traits. The mean performance of gladiolus hybrid data was highly significant for all the characters studied; however, the results indicated that early flowering was seen in six hybrids such as Smokey Lady×Heady Wine Open seedling, The Berton Open seedling, Green Willow× Oscar, Shweta×Regency, Canada×Green Finch and Howard×Rose Time Steamboat and ranging from 82.33 to 86.00 days after planting. The maximum plant height 127.66 cm, spike length 116.00 cm and rachis length 63.33 cm were observed in Rose Time Steamboat hybrid, but number of florets per plant 19.33 was recorded in Canada×Green Finch hybrid. The number of corms i.e., three or more than three were recorded in seven hybrids namely; Oscar×Green Willow, (Snow Princess×Ratna)×Urmil, Smokey Lady×Mayur, Snow Princess.×Howard, Berlew Open seedling (Dark orange), Rose Time Steamboat Open seedling and Pink Parassol Open seedling respectively; whereas number of cormels in the range of 50.00 – 64.00 were recorded in five hybrids including check variety.","PeriodicalId":13829,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73190551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The experiment was carried out in Department of Plant Pathology, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India during cropping season of May to August in year 2018–2019 to study the efficacy of fungal and bacterial bio-control agents in managing the Fusarium wilt of cucumber. Different fungal and bacterial bio-control agents were thus tested under laboratory conditions for their efficacy in inhibiting the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum by using dual culture technique and streak plate method, respectively. Among fungal bio-control agents, Trichoderma harzianum was found most effective with 61.08% inhibition of mycelial growth of F. oxysporum followed by Trichoderma virens with 57.51% mycelial inhibition whereas, among bacterial bio-control agents, maximum mycelial inhibition of 45.69% was observed in Pseudomonas fluorescens. During the cropping season, seed, and soil treatment with effective fungal and bacterial bioagents was carried out under field conditions. Seed treatment and soil application of Trichoderma harzianum was found effective with disease control of 48.25% followed by Trichoderma virens which is proved to be efficacious with 42% disease control against Fusarium wilt of cucumber.
{"title":"Evaluation of Bio-Control Agents against Fusarium Wilt of Cucumber","authors":"Deepika Sharma, A. Shukla, Meenu Gupta","doi":"10.23910/2/2022.0495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/2/2022.0495","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was carried out in Department of Plant Pathology, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India during cropping season of May to August in year 2018–2019 to study the efficacy of fungal and bacterial bio-control agents in managing the Fusarium wilt of cucumber. Different fungal and bacterial bio-control agents were thus tested under laboratory conditions for their efficacy in inhibiting the mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum by using dual culture technique and streak plate method, respectively. Among fungal bio-control agents, Trichoderma harzianum was found most effective with 61.08% inhibition of mycelial growth of F. oxysporum followed by Trichoderma virens with 57.51% mycelial inhibition whereas, among bacterial bio-control agents, maximum mycelial inhibition of 45.69% was observed in Pseudomonas fluorescens. During the cropping season, seed, and soil treatment with effective fungal and bacterial bioagents was carried out under field conditions. Seed treatment and soil application of Trichoderma harzianum was found effective with disease control of 48.25% followed by Trichoderma virens which is proved to be efficacious with 42% disease control against Fusarium wilt of cucumber.","PeriodicalId":13829,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75932540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was conducted on yield and economics of rice during 2017 at Agriculture Research Institute, Rajensranagar. The study was conducted with 10 treatments and laid out in randomized block design with 3 replications. The soil of the experimental site was clay loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction, non-saline, low in organic carbon and available nitrogen, high in available phosphorous and potassium.Among the different time and dose of application of nitrogen, the highest panicle m-2 (309.3), panicle length (23.9 cm), number of filled grains panicle-1 (103.2),number of total grains panicle-1 (118.1), test weight (23.9 g), grain yield (4514 kg ha-1), straw yield (5470 kg ha-1) and B: C ratio (1.99)were recorded highest with application of 160 kg N ha-1 25% each at sowing, 20 DAS, 40 DAS and 60 DAS compared to the other treatments. However, growth recorded with 160 kg in 4 equal splits was found to be on par with the growth in the treatments having 160 and 140 kg N ha-1applied at various splits and with application of 120 kg N ha-1 in 4 equal splits at sowing, 20 DAS, 40 DAS and 60 DAS. The lowest observation wasfoundin the farmer’s practice with the application of nitrogen at 120 kg ha-1 N in 3 splits with 12% at sowing, 44% at 40 DAS and 44% at 60 DAS.
2017年，在拉詹斯拉纳格农业研究所进行了水稻产量和经济的田间试验。试验共设10个处理，采用随机区组设计，3个重复。试验点土壤质地为粘壤土，反应呈微碱性，不含盐，有机碳和速效氮含量低，速效磷和速效钾含量高。在不同施氮时间和施氮量下，播期施肥160 kg hm -1、20 DAS、40 DAS和60 DAS处理的穗长、穗长、实粒数(309.3)、穗长(23.9 cm)、实粒数(103.2)、总粒数(118.1)、试重(23.9 g)、产量(4514 kg hm -1)、秸秆产量(5470 kg hm -1)和B: C比(1.99)最高。然而，在4个等次中，160公斤的生长记录与在不同的间隔中施用160和140公斤N - ha-1的处理，以及在播种时4个等次中施用120公斤N - ha-1的处理，20次DAS, 40次DAS和60次DAS的生长记录相当。在农民的实践中，发现最低的观察值为120 kg hm -1 N，分3次施用氮肥，播种时12%，40 DAS 44%和60 DAS 44%。
{"title":"Effect of Levels and Time of Nitrogen Application on Yield and Economics of Rice","authors":"K. Ajmal, M. Goverdhan, S. Sridevi, K. Suresh","doi":"10.23910/2/2022.0467b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/2/2022.0467b","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted on yield and economics of rice during 2017 at Agriculture Research Institute, Rajensranagar. The study was conducted with 10 treatments and laid out in randomized block design with 3 replications. The soil of the experimental site was clay loam in texture, slightly alkaline in reaction, non-saline, low in organic carbon and available nitrogen, high in available phosphorous and potassium.Among the different time and dose of application of nitrogen, the highest panicle m-2 (309.3), panicle length (23.9 cm), number of filled grains panicle-1 (103.2),number of total grains panicle-1 (118.1), test weight (23.9 g), grain yield (4514 kg ha-1), straw yield (5470 kg ha-1) and B: C ratio (1.99)were recorded highest with application of 160 kg N ha-1 25% each at sowing, 20 DAS, 40 DAS and 60 DAS compared to the other treatments. However, growth recorded with 160 kg in 4 equal splits was found to be on par with the growth in the treatments having 160 and 140 kg N ha-1applied at various splits and with application of 120 kg N ha-1 in 4 equal splits at sowing, 20 DAS, 40 DAS and 60 DAS. The lowest observation wasfoundin the farmer’s practice with the application of nitrogen at 120 kg ha-1 N in 3 splits with 12% at sowing, 44% at 40 DAS and 44% at 60 DAS.","PeriodicalId":13829,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90977656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-24DOI: 10.23910/2/2022.ijep0477a
S. Sharma, Jattin Sharma, K. Sharma, D. Sharma
The present study was conducted to evaluate the existing agroforestry systems and their economic returns in Tehsil Bangana of Una district of Himachal Pradesh, India during the year 2019−2020. A total number of 324 farmers were selected randomly from three categories viz., marginal, small, and medium based on landholding capacity for survey and data collection. The data was collected through a pre-tested schedule for personal interviews with the head of each household and field sampling. The study revealed that five agroforestry system types prevalent among different categories of farmers namely: AS, AH, AHS, HP, and SP. The bioeconomic of the different systems was analyzed by calculating the cost of cultivation, gross returns per hectare, net returns per hectare, and benefit: cost ratio. The higher net returns of agroforestry systems among different farmers categories were observed in AS, small farmer’s category (` 1,51761), and lowest were observed in SP, marginal farmer’s category (` 5,999). Benefit: cost ratio of agroforestry systems among different farmers category was observed maximum in AH, medium farmer’s category (1.89) whereas, minimum benefit: cost ratio was recorded in SP, marginal farmer’s category (1.72). Irrespective of farmers category, maximum mean benefit: cost ratio (1.88) was recorded in AHS and minimum (1.72) was observed in the SP system. Hence the study represents the clear picture of economic analysis of existing agroforestry systems which will help the local peoples to fulfill their basic needs and the researchers to gain the benefit from the agroforestry.
{"title":"Economic Analysis of Existing Agroforestry Systems Among Different Categories of Farmers in Tehsil Bangana of Una District of Himachal Pradesh, India","authors":"S. Sharma, Jattin Sharma, K. Sharma, D. Sharma","doi":"10.23910/2/2022.ijep0477a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/2/2022.ijep0477a","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to evaluate the existing agroforestry systems and their economic returns in Tehsil Bangana of Una district of Himachal Pradesh, India during the year 2019−2020. A total number of 324 farmers were selected randomly from three categories viz., marginal, small, and medium based on landholding capacity for survey and data collection. The data was collected through a pre-tested schedule for personal interviews with the head of each household and field sampling. The study revealed that five agroforestry system types prevalent among different categories of farmers namely: AS, AH, AHS, HP, and SP. The bioeconomic of the different systems was analyzed by calculating the cost of cultivation, gross returns per hectare, net returns per hectare, and benefit: cost ratio. The higher net returns of agroforestry systems among different farmers categories were observed in AS, small farmer’s category (` 1,51761), and lowest were observed in SP, marginal farmer’s category (` 5,999). Benefit: cost ratio of agroforestry systems among different farmers category was observed maximum in AH, medium farmer’s category (1.89) whereas, minimum benefit: cost ratio was recorded in SP, marginal farmer’s category (1.72). Irrespective of farmers category, maximum mean benefit: cost ratio (1.88) was recorded in AHS and minimum (1.72) was observed in the SP system. Hence the study represents the clear picture of economic analysis of existing agroforestry systems which will help the local peoples to fulfill their basic needs and the researchers to gain the benefit from the agroforestry.","PeriodicalId":13829,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78927997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-23DOI: 10.23910/2/2022.ijep0482c
Raxit R. Shekhada, S. J. Macwan, Nilesh J. Patel, N. Gajbhiye
Astudy was conducted at B.A.College of Agriculture,Anand Agricultural University,Anand during 2019 to find out the influence of foliar treatments on the productivity of Kalmegh.Different treatments which includes T1 (NAA 50 mg l-1), T2 (NAA 100 mg l-1),T3 (NAA 200 mg l-1), T4 (GA3 50 mg l-1), T5 (GA3 100 mg l-1), T6 (GA3 200 mg l-1), T7 (paclobutrazol 50 mg l-1), T8 (paclobutrazol 100 mg l-1), T9 (paclobutrazol 200 mg l-1) and T10 (control) were applied as foliar at 30 days after transplanting. The effect of phytohormones on dry herbage yield at harvest were found significant and highest was (4913.84 kg ha-1) in GA3 100 mg l-1 followed by paclobutrazol 100 mg l-1(4901.68 kg ha-1) and paclobutrazol 200 mg l-1 (4884.48 kg ha-1) as compared to control. Andrographolide content (%) at harvest were recorded significant and highest was (1.453%) observed in GA3 200 mg l-1. Higher andrographolide content was recorded in GA3 100 mg l-1 (1.403%) and paclobutrazol 100 mg l-1 (1.395%). Results indicated that increased the content of andrographolide by 25.04%, 20.74% and 20.05% in case of GA3 200 mg l-1, GA3 100 mg l-1 and paclobutrazol 100 mg l-1 respectivelyas compared to control. Growth parameters leaf dry weight (0.688) and total dry weight (0.654) reported positive significant correlation with quality parameter i.e.andrographolide percentage at harvest.Physiological parameter have positive significant correlation with the quality i.e. andrographolide viz.SLW (0.699), RGR (0.677), CGR (0.692), NAR (0.655) and BMD (0.651).
{"title":"Role of Growth Regulators on Quality and Yield of Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Nees)","authors":"Raxit R. Shekhada, S. J. Macwan, Nilesh J. Patel, N. Gajbhiye","doi":"10.23910/2/2022.ijep0482c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/2/2022.ijep0482c","url":null,"abstract":"Astudy was conducted at B.A.College of Agriculture,Anand Agricultural University,Anand during 2019 to find out the influence of foliar treatments on the productivity of Kalmegh.Different treatments which includes T1 (NAA 50 mg l-1), T2 (NAA 100 mg l-1),T3 (NAA 200 mg l-1), T4 (GA3 50 mg l-1), T5 (GA3 100 mg l-1), T6 (GA3 200 mg l-1), T7 (paclobutrazol 50 mg l-1), T8 (paclobutrazol 100 mg l-1), T9 (paclobutrazol 200 mg l-1) and T10 (control) were applied as foliar at 30 days after transplanting. The effect of phytohormones on dry herbage yield at harvest were found significant and highest was (4913.84 kg ha-1) in GA3 100 mg l-1 followed by paclobutrazol 100 mg l-1(4901.68 kg ha-1) and paclobutrazol 200 mg l-1 (4884.48 kg ha-1) as compared to control. Andrographolide content (%) at harvest were recorded significant and highest was (1.453%) observed in GA3 200 mg l-1. Higher andrographolide content was recorded in GA3 100 mg l-1 (1.403%) and paclobutrazol 100 mg l-1 (1.395%). Results indicated that increased the content of andrographolide by 25.04%, 20.74% and 20.05% in case of GA3 200 mg l-1, GA3 100 mg l-1 and paclobutrazol 100 mg l-1 respectivelyas compared to control. Growth parameters leaf dry weight (0.688) and total dry weight (0.654) reported positive significant correlation with quality parameter i.e.andrographolide percentage at harvest.Physiological parameter have positive significant correlation with the quality i.e. andrographolide viz.SLW (0.699), RGR (0.677), CGR (0.692), NAR (0.655) and BMD (0.651).","PeriodicalId":13829,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86758455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-23DOI: 10.23910/2/2022.ijep0484
Lalita Bhayal, M. Kewat, Aakash, A. Jha, Divya Bhayal, Anamika Jain Badkul
A study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of soil application of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) and farm yard manure (FYM) enriched with T. harzianum on pre-emergency damping off (PED) and post-emergence damping off (POED) in chilli and tomato seedlings in nursery beds containing naturally infested soil with Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizoctonia solani in the experimental field area of Department of Plant Pathology, CCSHAU Hisar during 2018-19, 2019-20and 2020-21.The observations on disease incidence (%) were recorded up to 30 days after germination. A control without soil amendment was also maintained. The maximum damping off was at 22.5, 23.4 and 22.9% in controland minimum at 15.7, 15.8 and 16.6% during 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21, respectively in chilliwhen SMS enriched with T. harzianum was applied. The mean of damping off disease incidence was minimum at 16.0% when SMS enriched with T. harzianum was applied and maximum at 22.9% in control. The maximum damping off was at 18.1, 19.4 and 18.7% in control and minimum at 12.2, 12.6 and 14.8% during 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21, respectively in tomato when SMS enriched with T. harzianum was applied. The mean of disease incidence (%) was minimum at 13.2% when SMS enriched with T. harzianum was applied and maximum at 18.7% in control.
{"title":"Effect of Sowing Time and Nutrient Management on Physiological Parameters of Wheat","authors":"Lalita Bhayal, M. Kewat, Aakash, A. Jha, Divya Bhayal, Anamika Jain Badkul","doi":"10.23910/2/2022.ijep0484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/2/2022.ijep0484","url":null,"abstract":"A study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of soil application of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) and farm yard manure (FYM) enriched with T. harzianum on pre-emergency damping off (PED) and post-emergence damping off (POED) in chilli and tomato seedlings in nursery beds containing naturally infested soil with Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizoctonia solani in the experimental field area of Department of Plant Pathology, CCSHAU Hisar during 2018-19, 2019-20and 2020-21.The observations on disease incidence (%) were recorded up to 30 days after germination. A control without soil amendment was also maintained. The maximum damping off was at 22.5, 23.4 and 22.9% in controland minimum at 15.7, 15.8 and 16.6% during 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21, respectively in chilliwhen SMS enriched with T. harzianum was applied. The mean of damping off disease incidence was minimum at 16.0% when SMS enriched with T. harzianum was applied and maximum at 22.9% in control. The maximum damping off was at 18.1, 19.4 and 18.7% in control and minimum at 12.2, 12.6 and 14.8% during 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21, respectively in tomato when SMS enriched with T. harzianum was applied. The mean of disease incidence (%) was minimum at 13.2% when SMS enriched with T. harzianum was applied and maximum at 18.7% in control. ","PeriodicalId":13829,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83154972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-23DOI: 10.23910/2/2022.ijep0482b
D. Rajak, G. Immanuel, R. Jat
This research was conducted at Borlaug Institute of South Asia (BISA) Pusa, Bihar to assess the losses in harvesting and threshing by manual methods for wheat and maize. 5 farmers from 15 identified villages were selected from Samastipur district of Bihar for assessing harvesting and threshing losses of wheat and maize crop. A total of 75 farmers were selected for this study from Kabargama Phulhara, Ajana, Gopalpur, Maniarpur, Rampura, Ladaura, Birsingpur, Kalyanpur, Akbarpur, Pratapur, Basudevpur, Dhruvgama, Tera, Mirjapur, Samastipur. A pre-procedure for loss assessment was used to record the details of the harvesting and threshing loss practices. It was observed that the total harvesting loss in all 15 villages were 1.65% and threshing loss 2.30% and maize 1.20%, respectively. Wheat Threshing Loss was found highest at 3.35% in Mirjapur village and the lowest at 1.18% in Rampura. Maize threshing loss was found to be highest in Pratapur village by 1.66% and lowest at 0.85% in Ladaura. The threshing loss was found less in Maize as compared to the harvesting and threshing loss of wheat and Maize due to the low loss, it is because of the long-stalked cubs of corn, in which there is no settling loss. The increase in losses was probably due to delays in harvesting due to unseasonal rains and storms, when the crop was ready for harvesting in some cases and less use of technologies at the agricultural level. There is a need for training farmers while harvesting and threshing of wheat and maize to reduce the loss of grain.
{"title":"Assessment of Losses in Harvesting and Threshing by Manual Method for Wheat and Maize Crop in Samastipur District, Bihar, India","authors":"D. Rajak, G. Immanuel, R. Jat","doi":"10.23910/2/2022.ijep0482b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/2/2022.ijep0482b","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted at Borlaug Institute of South Asia (BISA) Pusa, Bihar to assess the losses in harvesting and threshing by manual methods for wheat and maize. 5 farmers from 15 identified villages were selected from Samastipur district of Bihar for assessing harvesting and threshing losses of wheat and maize crop. A total of 75 farmers were selected for this study from Kabargama Phulhara, Ajana, Gopalpur, Maniarpur, Rampura, Ladaura, Birsingpur, Kalyanpur, Akbarpur, Pratapur, Basudevpur, Dhruvgama, Tera, Mirjapur, Samastipur. A pre-procedure for loss assessment was used to record the details of the harvesting and threshing loss practices. It was observed that the total harvesting loss in all 15 villages were 1.65% and threshing loss 2.30% and maize 1.20%, respectively. Wheat Threshing Loss was found highest at 3.35% in Mirjapur village and the lowest at 1.18% in Rampura. Maize threshing loss was found to be highest in Pratapur village by 1.66% and lowest at 0.85% in Ladaura. The threshing loss was found less in Maize as compared to the harvesting and threshing loss of wheat and Maize due to the low loss, it is because of the long-stalked cubs of corn, in which there is no settling loss. The increase in losses was probably due to delays in harvesting due to unseasonal rains and storms, when the crop was ready for harvesting in some cases and less use of technologies at the agricultural level. There is a need for training farmers while harvesting and threshing of wheat and maize to reduce the loss of grain.","PeriodicalId":13829,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79265154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chilumula Rama Krishna, A. S. Babu, S. Raju, K. Vijay, Adavath Suresh Nayak
The experiment was conducted during October-December,2020 at Forage Production Unit, College of Veterinary Science, Korutla, Jagityala, Telangana State, India to evaluate the yield of fodder under different manure or fertilizer applications and along with nutritional composition in fresh and ensiled form. African tall maize (ATM) was sown under four treatments and five replications in randomise block design (RBD) (T1=control or no fertiliser application, T2: Recommended dose of fertilisers application @ 120:60:40 NPK kg ha-1, T3: Farm Yard Manure (FYM) applied @ 10 t ha-1 and T4: Sheep manure applied @ 3 t ha-1. The results showed a green fodder yield of 36.5 t ha-1 in T2 followed by T3 (23.8 t ha-1), T4 (22.1 t ha-1) and T1 (20.3 t ha-1) respectively. There was significant difference for plant height and number of leaves at harvest, green fodder yield and forage dry matter yield among the treatments. Maize as a forage should be cultivated with recommended fertilisers to gain the highest fresh forage yields and CP yields. There were no significant differences in Ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF) and phosphorous content of fresh forage and silage while significant difference was seen in crude protein (CP), total ash (TA), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and calcium content. The nutrient composition of silage was higher than the values of fresh forage. The study showed that the nutrient composition of silage was preferable than the fresh fodder maize harvested at 85 DAS with recommended fertilizers.
该试验于2020年10月至12月在印度特伦甘纳邦贾吉特拉邦科鲁特拉兽医学院饲料生产单位进行，以评估不同粪肥或化肥施用以及新鲜和青贮形式的营养成分下的饲料产量。采用随机区组设计(RBD)，分4个处理、5个重复播种非洲高玉米(ATM) (T1=对照或不施肥，T2:施肥推荐剂量@ 120:60:40 NPK kg hm -1, T3:施用10 t hm -1农场厩肥，T4:施用3 t hm -1羊粪。结果表明:T2期青饲料产量为36.5 t ha-1，其次为T3期(23.8 t ha-1)、T4期(22.1 t ha-1)和T1期(20.3 t ha-1)。各处理间收获期株高、叶数、青饲料产量和饲料干物质产量差异显著。作为饲料的玉米应施用推荐的肥料，以获得最高的新鲜饲料产量和CP产量。鲜草料和青贮料粗脂肪(EE)、粗纤维(CF)和磷含量差异不显著，粗蛋白质(CP)、总灰分(TA)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和钙含量差异显著。青贮饲料的营养成分高于新鲜饲料。研究表明，青贮玉米的营养成分优于采用推荐肥料的85 DAS收获的新鲜饲料玉米。
{"title":"Evaluation of Fodder Production and Nutritional Composition of Fresh and Ensiled African Tall Maize (Zea mays L.) Grown under Various Types and Levels of Fertilization","authors":"Chilumula Rama Krishna, A. S. Babu, S. Raju, K. Vijay, Adavath Suresh Nayak","doi":"10.23910/2/2022.0479a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/2/2022.0479a","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted during October-December,2020 at Forage Production Unit, College of Veterinary Science, Korutla, Jagityala, Telangana State, India to evaluate the yield of fodder under different manure or fertilizer applications and along with nutritional composition in fresh and ensiled form. African tall maize (ATM) was sown under four treatments and five replications in randomise block design (RBD) (T1=control or no fertiliser application, T2: Recommended dose of fertilisers application @ 120:60:40 NPK kg ha-1, T3: Farm Yard Manure (FYM) applied @ 10 t ha-1 and T4: Sheep manure applied @ 3 t ha-1. The results showed a green fodder yield of 36.5 t ha-1 in T2 followed by T3 (23.8 t ha-1), T4 (22.1 t ha-1) and T1 (20.3 t ha-1) respectively. There was significant difference for plant height and number of leaves at harvest, green fodder yield and forage dry matter yield among the treatments. Maize as a forage should be cultivated with recommended fertilisers to gain the highest fresh forage yields and CP yields. There were no significant differences in Ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF) and phosphorous content of fresh forage and silage while significant difference was seen in crude protein (CP), total ash (TA), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and calcium content. The nutrient composition of silage was higher than the values of fresh forage. The study showed that the nutrient composition of silage was preferable than the fresh fodder maize harvested at 85 DAS with recommended fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":13829,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82533503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sojitra, R. Satasiya, P. Chauhan, H. Parmar, D. V. Patel, G. V. Prajapati
The experiment was conducted during 2020−21 and 2021−22 at Green house complex, AICRP on Plastic Engineering in Agriculture Structure and Environment Management, Departmental of Renewable Energy Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Junagadh, Gujarat, India to study the economics of vegetable seedling nursery for high valued broccoli crop for profitable entrepreneurship. Timely sowing and optimizing plant population significantly increase vegetable production. The availability and required seedling in time play a major role in vegetable cultivation. The seedlings of broccoli are transplanted in the rabi season, therefore, farmers have to prepare seedlings in the late monsoon. The germination percentage and survival of seedlings are reduced due to extreme weather condition like frosting, freezing, heat wave, high temperature and excess soil moisture in the open field. Therefore, present work was carried out on the economic feasibility of seedling raising of broccoli in a natural ventilated net-cum-poly house. The seeds of broccoli of Namdhari seeds of F1 were sown in a plug tray in the month of September of the year 2020 and 2021. Plug trays were filled with the mixture of cocopeat and vermicompost in an equal proportion of 1:1 (V/V). The germination was recorded at 94% and each seedling of broccoli was sold for ` 1.60. The Gross Return (GR), Net Return (NR), and benefit-cost ratio of the seedling raising of broccoli were recorded as Rs. 556.80 m-2, Rs. 262.69 m-2 and 1.89, respectively.
{"title":"Economics of Raising Seedling of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) in Protected Structure","authors":"M. Sojitra, R. Satasiya, P. Chauhan, H. Parmar, D. V. Patel, G. V. Prajapati","doi":"10.23910/2/2022.0499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23910/2/2022.0499","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted during 2020−21 and 2021−22 at Green house complex, AICRP on Plastic Engineering in Agriculture Structure and Environment Management, Departmental of Renewable Energy Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Junagadh, Gujarat, India to study the economics of vegetable seedling nursery for high valued broccoli crop for profitable entrepreneurship. Timely sowing and optimizing plant population significantly increase vegetable production. The availability and required seedling in time play a major role in vegetable cultivation. The seedlings of broccoli are transplanted in the rabi season, therefore, farmers have to prepare seedlings in the late monsoon. The germination percentage and survival of seedlings are reduced due to extreme weather condition like frosting, freezing, heat wave, high temperature and excess soil moisture in the open field. Therefore, present work was carried out on the economic feasibility of seedling raising of broccoli in a natural ventilated net-cum-poly house. The seeds of broccoli of Namdhari seeds of F1 were sown in a plug tray in the month of September of the year 2020 and 2021. Plug trays were filled with the mixture of cocopeat and vermicompost in an equal proportion of 1:1 (V/V). The germination was recorded at 94% and each seedling of broccoli was sold for ` 1.60. The Gross Return (GR), Net Return (NR), and benefit-cost ratio of the seedling raising of broccoli were recorded as Rs. 556.80 m-2, Rs. 262.69 m-2 and 1.89, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13829,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Economic Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83174397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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