Pub Date : 2026-02-26DOI: 10.1177/10567895261422485
Yachuang Kuang, Kui Wang, Yadong Guo, Liping Wang, Fuzheng Ding, Weikang Li, Fan Fan
This paper presents a novel multidimensional, elastoplastic, stochastic damage constitutive model for concrete developed through the phenomenological approach, with the aim of providing a more objective description of the mechanical behavior of concrete under multidimensional stress states. First, an isotropic hardening model of concrete was established within the effective stress space based on Ottosen's criterion. This approach ensures that the yield surface remains smooth and continuous, thus preventing potential nonconvergence issues in numerical calculations that may arise due to strain softening. Subsequently, a novel methodology was established, grounded on the non-associative flow criterion of plastic mechanics, to address the issue of plastic deformation in the elastoplastic stochastic damage constitutive model. Finally, the multidimensional, elastoplastic, stochastic damage constitutive model of concrete was imported into COMSOL Multiphysics for a numerical analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) beams without web reinforcement. The obtained results were analyzed and compared with the simulation results derived from ABAQUS in terms of the plastic deformation, damage evolution, and force–displacement curves. The findings indicated that the proposed multidimensional, elastoplastic, stochastic damage constitutive model for concrete could more accurately capture the progression of plastic deformation and comprehensively represent the evolution process of concrete damage under loading conditions when compared with ABAQUS simulations. The force–displacement curve derived from this model exhibited a closer agreement with the experimental data, with the discrepancies between the calculated and tested values of the concentrated loads across various deflections remaining within 10%. The proposed constitutive model effectively encapsulates the nonlinear and stochastic characteristics inherent in concrete.
{"title":"An elastoplastic stochastic damage constitutive model for concrete under multidimensional loading","authors":"Yachuang Kuang, Kui Wang, Yadong Guo, Liping Wang, Fuzheng Ding, Weikang Li, Fan Fan","doi":"10.1177/10567895261422485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10567895261422485","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel multidimensional, elastoplastic, stochastic damage constitutive model for concrete developed through the phenomenological approach, with the aim of providing a more objective description of the mechanical behavior of concrete under multidimensional stress states. First, an isotropic hardening model of concrete was established within the effective stress space based on Ottosen's criterion. This approach ensures that the yield surface remains smooth and continuous, thus preventing potential nonconvergence issues in numerical calculations that may arise due to strain softening. Subsequently, a novel methodology was established, grounded on the non-associative flow criterion of plastic mechanics, to address the issue of plastic deformation in the elastoplastic stochastic damage constitutive model. Finally, the multidimensional, elastoplastic, stochastic damage constitutive model of concrete was imported into COMSOL Multiphysics for a numerical analysis of reinforced concrete (RC) beams without web reinforcement. The obtained results were analyzed and compared with the simulation results derived from ABAQUS in terms of the plastic deformation, damage evolution, and force–displacement curves. The findings indicated that the proposed multidimensional, elastoplastic, stochastic damage constitutive model for concrete could more accurately capture the progression of plastic deformation and comprehensively represent the evolution process of concrete damage under loading conditions when compared with ABAQUS simulations. The force–displacement curve derived from this model exhibited a closer agreement with the experimental data, with the discrepancies between the calculated and tested values of the concentrated loads across various deflections remaining within 10%. The proposed constitutive model effectively encapsulates the nonlinear and stochastic characteristics inherent in concrete.","PeriodicalId":13837,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Damage Mechanics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147287596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-26DOI: 10.1177/10567895261423593
S. S. R. Koloor, M. Ghavami pour, M. Petrů, M. R. Ayatollahi
Structural composite laminates are often subjected to flexural loads which induce significant shear stresses in ply interfaces, leading to delamination growth in mode-II. In certain laminates, delamination growth is accompanied by the fiber-bridging phenomenon in which fibers form bridge-like micro-structures between crack faces, hindering crack growth. Such a phenomenon delays the onset of steady-state delamination growth, requiring greater energy inputs to advance the interlaminar crack growth, which is known as the R-curve effect in Fracture Mechanics. While mode-I failure in the presence of fiber-bridging has received considerable attention within the research community, mode-II failure has received disproportionately less attention despite its significance. In the present work, a novel regressive cohesive damage model is developed, and a combination of numerical and experimental studies, as well as three-dimensional (3D) DIC analysis is employed to validate the model as well as study the mechanics and mechanism of mode-II delamination growth in a GFRP laminate, considering the fiber-bridging phenomenon. Due to the confluence of several energy dissipation mechanisms during damage evolution in the presence of fiber bridging, accurate simulation of delamination evolution requires the implementation of multi-linear or exponential softening. In the present work, the total energy dissipated during damage evolution is considered to be made up of multiple components, each corresponding to a certain physical observation. As such, the regressive exponential softening law is formulated such that it accounts for the variety of dissipation mechanisms involved in the damage evolution process. Numerical prediction of experimental data indicates high accuracy of the model with less than 2 and 5% errors in the prediction of structural response and delamination-crack growth, respectively.
{"title":"A new regressive interface damage model for FRP composites encompassing fiber-bridging: Case study on mode-II delamination","authors":"S. S. R. Koloor, M. Ghavami pour, M. Petrů, M. R. Ayatollahi","doi":"10.1177/10567895261423593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10567895261423593","url":null,"abstract":"Structural composite laminates are often subjected to flexural loads which induce significant shear stresses in ply interfaces, leading to delamination growth in mode-II. In certain laminates, delamination growth is accompanied by the fiber-bridging phenomenon in which fibers form bridge-like micro-structures between crack faces, hindering crack growth. Such a phenomenon delays the onset of steady-state delamination growth, requiring greater energy inputs to advance the interlaminar crack growth, which is known as the R-curve effect in Fracture Mechanics. While mode-I failure in the presence of fiber-bridging has received considerable attention within the research community, mode-II failure has received disproportionately less attention despite its significance. In the present work, a novel regressive cohesive damage model is developed, and a combination of numerical and experimental studies, as well as three-dimensional (3D) DIC analysis is employed to validate the model as well as study the mechanics and mechanism of mode-II delamination growth in a GFRP laminate, considering the fiber-bridging phenomenon. Due to the confluence of several energy dissipation mechanisms during damage evolution in the presence of fiber bridging, accurate simulation of delamination evolution requires the implementation of multi-linear or exponential softening. In the present work, the total energy dissipated during damage evolution is considered to be made up of multiple components, each corresponding to a certain physical observation. As such, the regressive exponential softening law is formulated such that it accounts for the variety of dissipation mechanisms involved in the damage evolution process. Numerical prediction of experimental data indicates high accuracy of the model with less than 2 and 5% errors in the prediction of structural response and delamination-crack growth, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13837,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Damage Mechanics","volume":"228 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147287595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-23DOI: 10.1177/10567895261423591
Tao Ni, Wenjing Chen, Bernhard A Schrefler
Recent studies have revisited near-sonic and supersonic crack growth, particularly in mode I fractures, challenging the traditional belief that cracks cannot exceed the Rayleigh wave speed ( cR ). While classical fracture mechanics suggest that mode I fractures are limited to cR , recent work shows that cracks can surpass both shear wave velocity ( cS ) and dilatation wave speed ( cP ) under certain conditions. This paper investigates pressure-induced fracturing in porous media, where high fluid injection rates can lead to crack propagation speeds exceeding wave velocities. Using a hybrid peridynamic/finite-element model, where failure and cracks are characterized by a damage model, we simulate the dynamic hydraulic fracture propagation in a rectangular porous domain and explore the influence of fracture energy (related to fracture toughness), permeability, and boundary conditions on crack behavior. Results reveal that forerunning (mother–daughter) fracture events, and mixed lifting-separation and crack-like propagation mechanisms, significantly accelerate crack growth, particularly under low-permeability conditions. We also include a validation of the model through comparison with results from extended finite-element method. These findings have important implications for earthquake rupture dynamics, volcanic activity, and hydraulic fracturing in geophysical applications.
{"title":"Fracturing speed, fracture toughness, and boundary conditions in fast hydraulic fracturing","authors":"Tao Ni, Wenjing Chen, Bernhard A Schrefler","doi":"10.1177/10567895261423591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10567895261423591","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have revisited near-sonic and supersonic crack growth, particularly in mode I fractures, challenging the traditional belief that cracks cannot exceed the Rayleigh wave speed ( <jats:inline-formula> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> </jats:inline-formula> ). While classical fracture mechanics suggest that mode I fractures are limited to <jats:inline-formula> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> </jats:inline-formula> , recent work shows that cracks can surpass both shear wave velocity ( <jats:inline-formula> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">S</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> </jats:inline-formula> ) and dilatation wave speed ( <jats:inline-formula> <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">P</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> </jats:inline-formula> ) under certain conditions. This paper investigates pressure-induced fracturing in porous media, where high fluid injection rates can lead to crack propagation speeds exceeding wave velocities. Using a hybrid peridynamic/finite-element model, where failure and cracks are characterized by a damage model, we simulate the dynamic hydraulic fracture propagation in a rectangular porous domain and explore the influence of fracture energy (related to fracture toughness), permeability, and boundary conditions on crack behavior. Results reveal that forerunning (mother–daughter) fracture events, and mixed lifting-separation and crack-like propagation mechanisms, significantly accelerate crack growth, particularly under low-permeability conditions. We also include a validation of the model through comparison with results from extended finite-element method. These findings have important implications for earthquake rupture dynamics, volcanic activity, and hydraulic fracturing in geophysical applications.","PeriodicalId":13837,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Damage Mechanics","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146778260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lattice modeling of quasi-brittle materials, such as concrete, is a discrete mesoscale description of a material, where constitutive relations are defined at a lower scale compared to the continuum-based approaches. Over the years, these lattice discrete models have become increasingly efficient, and they are expected to be useful for generating high-fidelity databases of complex material responses. Such databases can be exploited in two ways: either to inform data-driven approaches or to calibrate macroscale models. In this paper, we focus on the latter. Macroscopic stress and strain responses are obtained by coarse-graining lattice discrete particle model (LDPM) responses. Stresses and strains are coarse-grained independently from computations on bending beams. Local and nonlocal scalar damage models are used to fit these data. The evolution of damage is constructed from these stress–strain responses by computing the pairs composed of damage and the history variable that govern its growth. Model parameters in the nonlocal model, including the internal length, are then obtained by fitting the macroscale constitutive model to the coarse-grained results. The global response of the bending beam (load vs. displacement) and the energy dissipation profiles provided by the calibrated nonlocal damage model are found to be consistent with LDPM results.
{"title":"Informing a damage model for fracture of concrete from lattice discrete particle model results","authors":"Julien Khoury, Gianluca Cusatis, Gilles Pijaudier-Cabot","doi":"10.1177/10567895261421295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10567895261421295","url":null,"abstract":"Lattice modeling of quasi-brittle materials, such as concrete, is a discrete mesoscale description of a material, where constitutive relations are defined at a lower scale compared to the continuum-based approaches. Over the years, these lattice discrete models have become increasingly efficient, and they are expected to be useful for generating high-fidelity databases of complex material responses. Such databases can be exploited in two ways: either to inform data-driven approaches or to calibrate macroscale models. In this paper, we focus on the latter. Macroscopic stress and strain responses are obtained by coarse-graining lattice discrete particle model (LDPM) responses. Stresses and strains are coarse-grained independently from computations on bending beams. Local and nonlocal scalar damage models are used to fit these data. The evolution of damage is constructed from these stress–strain responses by computing the pairs composed of damage and the history variable that govern its growth. Model parameters in the nonlocal model, including the internal length, are then obtained by fitting the macroscale constitutive model to the coarse-grained results. The global response of the bending beam (load vs. displacement) and the energy dissipation profiles provided by the calibrated nonlocal damage model are found to be consistent with LDPM results.","PeriodicalId":13837,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Damage Mechanics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147274341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-23DOI: 10.1177/10567895261423608
Liu Jin, Shaoxiong Wu, Renbo Zhang, Jian Li, Xiuli Du
As a multiphase composite material, concrete exhibits complex mechanical responses under dynamic loads due to the heterogeneity of its internal mesoscopic components. Prototype tests are the most reliable methodologies to explore structural performance under dynamic loads, but they are limited by equipment, technology, and cost. Therefore, researchers typically adopt scaled tests to analyze the structural impact response. However, the dynamic response of the structure may not satisfy the classical similarity law and the reasons are under investigation. In this study, the relationship between concrete heterogeneity and scaling effect was explored preliminarily. Based on the drop hammer impact simulations, the mesoscale numerical models of four reinforced concrete (RC) beams (scale factors λ = 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, and 1) were established after considering the heterogeneity of concrete. The effects of aggregate content, aggregate elastic modulus, and interfacial transition zone (ITZ) strength on the impact response and their scaling effects were investigated. Finally, the Gaussian function was applied to describe concrete heterogeneity and analyze its relationship with the scaling effect. The results indicate that aggregate elastic modulus and ITZ strength have a minor effect on the impact response. However, increased aggregate content enhances the midspan displacement and displacement scaling effect in geometrically similar RC beams. The more substantial the concrete heterogeneity in the spatial distribution, the stronger the peak displacement scaling effect on geometrically similar RC beams.
{"title":"Influence of aggregate and interface properties on the impact response and scaling effect of RC beams: A mesoscale study","authors":"Liu Jin, Shaoxiong Wu, Renbo Zhang, Jian Li, Xiuli Du","doi":"10.1177/10567895261423608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10567895261423608","url":null,"abstract":"As a multiphase composite material, concrete exhibits complex mechanical responses under dynamic loads due to the heterogeneity of its internal mesoscopic components. Prototype tests are the most reliable methodologies to explore structural performance under dynamic loads, but they are limited by equipment, technology, and cost. Therefore, researchers typically adopt scaled tests to analyze the structural impact response. However, the dynamic response of the structure may not satisfy the classical similarity law and the reasons are under investigation. In this study, the relationship between concrete heterogeneity and scaling effect was explored preliminarily. Based on the drop hammer impact simulations, the mesoscale numerical models of four reinforced concrete (RC) beams (scale factors <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">λ</jats:italic> = 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, and 1) were established after considering the heterogeneity of concrete. The effects of aggregate content, aggregate elastic modulus, and interfacial transition zone (ITZ) strength on the impact response and their scaling effects were investigated. Finally, the Gaussian function was applied to describe concrete heterogeneity and analyze its relationship with the scaling effect. The results indicate that aggregate elastic modulus and ITZ strength have a minor effect on the impact response. However, increased aggregate content enhances the midspan displacement and displacement scaling effect in geometrically similar RC beams. The more substantial the concrete heterogeneity in the spatial distribution, the stronger the peak displacement scaling effect on geometrically similar RC beams.","PeriodicalId":13837,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Damage Mechanics","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147274342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-20DOI: 10.1177/10567895261420856
Maksymilian Sienkiewicz, Piotr Marek, Paweł Borkowski
Peridynamics (PD) is a relatively new nonlocal method for modeling continua that inherently captures damage evolution, making it an attractive tool for modern engineering applications. Although significant research has focused on isotropic materials since its inception, this review article aims to synthesize studies on modeling material anisotropy within PD. To identify common patterns and approaches to the challenges encountered, key publications from the method's derivation onward have been thoroughly analyzed and categorized. The reviewed papers demonstrate an evolution from simple formulations to more comprehensive models capable of capturing a wide variety of anisotropic phenomena. Fiber composites and general anisotropic models have received the most attention, whereas applications in biomechanics, fluid dynamics, and multiphysics problems remain less explored. This review not only highlights the progress made in modeling anisotropic materials using PD but also identifies gaps in the current literature. This extensive categorization provides a roadmap for addressing the limitations of current models and advancing the practical implementation of PD in various engineering disciplines.
{"title":"Peridynamic modeling of anisotropic materials: A comprehensive review","authors":"Maksymilian Sienkiewicz, Piotr Marek, Paweł Borkowski","doi":"10.1177/10567895261420856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10567895261420856","url":null,"abstract":"Peridynamics (PD) is a relatively new nonlocal method for modeling continua that inherently captures damage evolution, making it an attractive tool for modern engineering applications. Although significant research has focused on isotropic materials since its inception, this review article aims to synthesize studies on modeling material anisotropy within PD. To identify common patterns and approaches to the challenges encountered, key publications from the method's derivation onward have been thoroughly analyzed and categorized. The reviewed papers demonstrate an evolution from simple formulations to more comprehensive models capable of capturing a wide variety of anisotropic phenomena. Fiber composites and general anisotropic models have received the most attention, whereas applications in biomechanics, fluid dynamics, and multiphysics problems remain less explored. This review not only highlights the progress made in modeling anisotropic materials using PD but also identifies gaps in the current literature. This extensive categorization provides a roadmap for addressing the limitations of current models and advancing the practical implementation of PD in various engineering disciplines.","PeriodicalId":13837,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Damage Mechanics","volume":"251 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146260822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-17DOI: 10.1177/10567895261420410
Xianxiu Lu, Zhandong Su, Mingdong Zang, Xiaoli Liu, Jinzhong Sun, Zhiwen Wang, Yu Wang, Mengyuan Li
Local deformation around cracks within rock masses critically influences rock mass deformation and instability. However, correlation between internal and surface deformation at cracks remains poorly studied. This study prepared rock-like models to analyze the feasibility of using local strain direction deflection as a precursor to surface cracking, and examined the modulating effect of compressive strength on this precursor phenomenon. It discusses the feasibility of using internal strain direction deflection as a precursor to model instability and the influence of strength on this effect. Before instability, strain values on both sides of the internal fracture increases significantly, accompanied by abrupt changes in the deflection angle. Relative slip progressed through three stages: minor deformation, stable deformation, and rapid deformation. During the stable deformation stage, the deflection angle within the compression quadrant was strongly correlated with the sliding velocity. Higher compressive strength resulted in greater internal deformation before instability, more pronounced growth, lower relative sliding velocity, as well as a larger time and stress range over which surface deformation occurred. Lower compressive strength corresponded to a smaller ratio of the recovery stress to the peak strength.
{"title":"Local strain field deflection around fracture as a precursor to rock-like model instability: The modulating effect of compressive strength","authors":"Xianxiu Lu, Zhandong Su, Mingdong Zang, Xiaoli Liu, Jinzhong Sun, Zhiwen Wang, Yu Wang, Mengyuan Li","doi":"10.1177/10567895261420410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10567895261420410","url":null,"abstract":"Local deformation around cracks within rock masses critically influences rock mass deformation and instability. However, correlation between internal and surface deformation at cracks remains poorly studied. This study prepared rock-like models to analyze the feasibility of using local strain direction deflection as a precursor to surface cracking, and examined the modulating effect of compressive strength on this precursor phenomenon. It discusses the feasibility of using internal strain direction deflection as a precursor to model instability and the influence of strength on this effect. Before instability, strain values on both sides of the internal fracture increases significantly, accompanied by abrupt changes in the deflection angle. Relative slip progressed through three stages: minor deformation, stable deformation, and rapid deformation. During the stable deformation stage, the deflection angle within the compression quadrant was strongly correlated with the sliding velocity. Higher compressive strength resulted in greater internal deformation before instability, more pronounced growth, lower relative sliding velocity, as well as a larger time and stress range over which surface deformation occurred. Lower compressive strength corresponded to a smaller ratio of the recovery stress to the peak strength.","PeriodicalId":13837,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Damage Mechanics","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146205118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-17DOI: 10.1177/10567895261421298
Quan Sun, Fankai Wei, Pedro Dinis Gaspar, Boxin Yang, Yebo Lu
The patch-type biomedical sensor attached to human skin by a soft conductive adhesive layer has a good application potential in human healthcare. However, the complex strain of human skin can cause damage to the adhesive interface which can lead to signal drift and affect the long-term service reliability of the sensors. It is imperative to predict the trend of interfacial damage and signal drift and develop compensation method to enhance the sensor service reliability. In this work, a three-dimensional cohesive zone model (CZM) coupled with electrical damage was proposed to simulate the interfacial damage and signal drift behavior of sensor electrode with soft conductive adhesive layer. The viscoelastic behavior of the soft interface was described by the Wiechert model, and electrical damage behavior was incorporated into the CZM. The different electrical damage evolution mechanisms for normal and tangential loading were introduced based on experiments. The model was tested by tensile-shear tests with various normal and tangential loading combinations, and the effectiveness of the CZM in characterizing the mechanical and electrical damage behavior of soft conductive interface in complex loading conditions was verified. Then, the model was employed to predict the signal drift of the sensor electrode in cyclic torsional loading. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experiments. This work provides a numerical strategy for predicting the electrical signal drift of sensor electrodes under complex loading cycles.
{"title":"A three-dimensional rate-dependent cohesive zone model with electrical damage for soft conductive adhesive interface","authors":"Quan Sun, Fankai Wei, Pedro Dinis Gaspar, Boxin Yang, Yebo Lu","doi":"10.1177/10567895261421298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10567895261421298","url":null,"abstract":"The patch-type biomedical sensor attached to human skin by a soft conductive adhesive layer has a good application potential in human healthcare. However, the complex strain of human skin can cause damage to the adhesive interface which can lead to signal drift and affect the long-term service reliability of the sensors. It is imperative to predict the trend of interfacial damage and signal drift and develop compensation method to enhance the sensor service reliability. In this work, a three-dimensional cohesive zone model (CZM) coupled with electrical damage was proposed to simulate the interfacial damage and signal drift behavior of sensor electrode with soft conductive adhesive layer. The viscoelastic behavior of the soft interface was described by the Wiechert model, and electrical damage behavior was incorporated into the CZM. The different electrical damage evolution mechanisms for normal and tangential loading were introduced based on experiments. The model was tested by tensile-shear tests with various normal and tangential loading combinations, and the effectiveness of the CZM in characterizing the mechanical and electrical damage behavior of soft conductive interface in complex loading conditions was verified. Then, the model was employed to predict the signal drift of the sensor electrode in cyclic torsional loading. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experiments. This work provides a numerical strategy for predicting the electrical signal drift of sensor electrodes under complex loading cycles.","PeriodicalId":13837,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Damage Mechanics","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146205116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-16DOI: 10.1177/10567895261420434
Yongchao Chen, Jingpeng Xie, Jiang Guo
The fracture mechanism and precursors of rock instability induced by unloading are crucial for geological disaster control. Taking 400 mm × 400 mm × 400 mm marble as an example, this work investigated the damage evolution and acoustic emission (AE) behavior of unloading-induced large-scale rock fracture. The results showed that the rock fracture induced by double-face unloading is strain-type fracture. The rock damage induced by unloading exhibits anisotropy, which increases with the unloading damage level. Microcracks induced by double-face unloading are mostly tensile, and more shear cracks occur near the unstable state. Tensile cracks are mainly distributed near the free surface and fracture surfaces are nearly parallel to free surface. Shear cracks are mainly distributed inside the rock and fracture surfaces are oblique to the maximum stress direction. The AE signals of large-scale rock fractures are characterized by medium-low frequency and medium-low amplitude. The occurrence of high-count, high-energy AE signals, and the increase of AE events are the precursors of unloading-induced rock fracture. This article is not only a useful supplement to the theoretical system of rock damage evolution and fracture precursors, but also provides new ideas for the prevention and control of underground engineering disasters caused by unloading.
卸荷诱发岩石失稳的断裂机制和前兆对地质灾害控制具有重要意义。以400 mm × 400 mm × 400 mm大理岩为例，研究了卸荷大尺度岩石破裂的损伤演化与声发射特性。结果表明：双面卸荷引起的岩石断裂为应变型断裂；卸荷损伤表现出各向异性，且随卸荷损伤程度的增加而增加。双面卸荷诱发的微裂纹以拉伸裂纹为主，在失稳状态附近以剪切裂纹为主。拉伸裂纹主要分布在自由面附近，断口几乎平行于自由面。剪切裂缝主要分布在岩石内部，断裂面向最大应力方向倾斜。大型岩石裂缝声发射信号具有中低频、中低幅的特征。高计数、高能声发射信号的出现和声发射事件的增多是卸荷岩石破裂的前兆。本文不仅是对岩石损伤演化和破裂前兆理论体系的有益补充，而且为地下工程卸荷灾害的防治提供了新的思路。
{"title":"Damage evolution and acoustic emission behavior of large-scale rock fracture induced by double-face unloading","authors":"Yongchao Chen, Jingpeng Xie, Jiang Guo","doi":"10.1177/10567895261420434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10567895261420434","url":null,"abstract":"The fracture mechanism and precursors of rock instability induced by unloading are crucial for geological disaster control. Taking 400 mm × 400 mm × 400 mm marble as an example, this work investigated the damage evolution and acoustic emission (AE) behavior of unloading-induced large-scale rock fracture. The results showed that the rock fracture induced by double-face unloading is strain-type fracture. The rock damage induced by unloading exhibits anisotropy, which increases with the unloading damage level. Microcracks induced by double-face unloading are mostly tensile, and more shear cracks occur near the unstable state. Tensile cracks are mainly distributed near the free surface and fracture surfaces are nearly parallel to free surface. Shear cracks are mainly distributed inside the rock and fracture surfaces are oblique to the maximum stress direction. The AE signals of large-scale rock fractures are characterized by medium-low frequency and medium-low amplitude. The occurrence of high-count, high-energy AE signals, and the increase of AE events are the precursors of unloading-induced rock fracture. This article is not only a useful supplement to the theoretical system of rock damage evolution and fracture precursors, but also provides new ideas for the prevention and control of underground engineering disasters caused by unloading.","PeriodicalId":13837,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Damage Mechanics","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146205121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1177/10567895261420428
Venkat Ramanan A, Rajamurugan G
Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites exhibit excellent mechanical strength. However, they are susceptible to impact loads due to their low interlaminar fracture toughness, leading to delamination. This work presents an innovative hybrid laminate structure in which carbon and glass fiber yarns are hand-woven alternately over a stainless steel 304 wire mesh (SSWM) and incorporated into a CFRP matrix. In contrast to traditional CFRP mesh-reinforced composites, this design integrates metallic mesh with woven fiber yarns to improve load transmission and damage tolerance. Two different types of laminates, nonwoven (NW) and woven (W), with 90° yarn orientations, were produced using the conventional hand layup method. Low-velocity impact tests were performed at drop heights of 0.5 m and 1 m to assess energy absorption and load-bearing capacity. The results show that woven laminates absorbed more energy and could withstand greater loads when struck by a cylindrical indenter than NW laminates. A ballistic impact investigation was conducted on CFRP laminates of 120 × 120 × 3 mm using hemispherical nose-shaped projectiles. Crucial factors, including impact velocity, residual velocity, damage area, percentage of ballistic resistance, and delamination, were derived from the experimental data. The ballistic impact findings indicate that the residual velocity of the NW composite was 12% lower than that of the woven composite under hemispherical projectile impact, thereby confirming the woven composite's enhanced resistance.
{"title":"Projectile impact and drop weight damage on hybrid composites reinforced with woven carbon/glass fibers on SS304 wire mesh","authors":"Venkat Ramanan A, Rajamurugan G","doi":"10.1177/10567895261420428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10567895261420428","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites exhibit excellent mechanical strength. However, they are susceptible to impact loads due to their low interlaminar fracture toughness, leading to delamination. This work presents an innovative hybrid laminate structure in which carbon and glass fiber yarns are hand-woven alternately over a stainless steel 304 wire mesh (SSWM) and incorporated into a CFRP matrix. In contrast to traditional CFRP mesh-reinforced composites, this design integrates metallic mesh with woven fiber yarns to improve load transmission and damage tolerance. Two different types of laminates, nonwoven (NW) and woven (W), with 90° yarn orientations, were produced using the conventional hand layup method. Low-velocity impact tests were performed at drop heights of 0.5 m and 1 m to assess energy absorption and load-bearing capacity. The results show that woven laminates absorbed more energy and could withstand greater loads when struck by a cylindrical indenter than NW laminates. A ballistic impact investigation was conducted on CFRP laminates of 120 × 120 × 3 mm using hemispherical nose-shaped projectiles. Crucial factors, including impact velocity, residual velocity, damage area, percentage of ballistic resistance, and delamination, were derived from the experimental data. The ballistic impact findings indicate that the residual velocity of the NW composite was 12% lower than that of the woven composite under hemispherical projectile impact, thereby confirming the woven composite's enhanced resistance.","PeriodicalId":13837,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Damage Mechanics","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146160836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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