This research aims to develop methods for simultaneously determining indomethacin (IND) and nicotinamide (NCT) in binary mixtures, immediate-release capsules, sustained-release capsules, and co-amorphous systems, which were designed in 2021 to improve the solubility, dissolution rate, and stability of the amorphous state of indomethacin. Moreover, this new combination may have also other possible medical benefits. Therefore, there is a need to have simple, sensitive, and precise developed methods for simultaneous quantification analysis of IND/NCT in several different ratios. Three UV-spectrophotometry techniques were deployed: zero-crossing point in the second-order derivative, dual-wavelength in the first-order derivative, and ratio subtraction coupled with spectrum subtraction. The limit of detection and the limit of quantifications (LOD and LOQ) for IND were 0.41 and 1.25, 0.55 and 1.66, and 0.53 and 1.62 μg/mL, respectively, while for NCT were 0.53 and 1.59, 0.38 and 1.14, and 0.36 and 1.08 μg/mL, respectively. All methods were linear at least in the range of 2.5–40.0 μg/mL. All proposed methods were validated according to ICH guidelines and their application on the dosage formulations was carried out. Finally, the proposed methods were compared to a reference method for each IND and NCT, and no significant statistical variance was found.
{"title":"Method Development for Simultaneously Determining Indomethacin and Nicotinamide in New Combination in Oral Dosage Formulations and Co-Amorphous Systems Using Three UV Spectrophotometric Techniques","authors":"Nazira Sarkis, Abdulkader Sawan","doi":"10.1155/2024/2035824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/2035824","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to develop methods for simultaneously determining indomethacin (IND) and nicotinamide (NCT) in binary mixtures, immediate-release capsules, sustained-release capsules, and co-amorphous systems, which were designed in 2021 to improve the solubility, dissolution rate, and stability of the amorphous state of indomethacin. Moreover, this new combination may have also other possible medical benefits. Therefore, there is a need to have simple, sensitive, and precise developed methods for simultaneous quantification analysis of IND/NCT in several different ratios. Three UV-spectrophotometry techniques were deployed: zero-crossing point in the second-order derivative, dual-wavelength in the first-order derivative, and ratio subtraction coupled with spectrum subtraction. The limit of detection and the limit of quantifications (LOD and LOQ) for IND were 0.41 and 1.25, 0.55 and 1.66, and 0.53 and 1.62 <i>μ</i>g/mL, respectively, while for NCT were 0.53 and 1.59, 0.38 and 1.14, and 0.36 and 1.08 <i>μ</i>g/mL, respectively. All methods were linear at least in the range of 2.5–40.0 <i>μ</i>g/mL. All proposed methods were validated according to ICH guidelines and their application on the dosage formulations was carried out. Finally, the proposed methods were compared to a reference method for each IND and NCT, and no significant statistical variance was found.","PeriodicalId":13888,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139922499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Radix Dipsaci (RD) is the dry root of the Dipsacus asper Wall. ex DC., which is commonly used for tonifying the kidney and strengthening bone. The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference between raw and salt-processed RD from the chemical composition comprehensively. The fingerprints of raw and salt-processed RD were established by HPLC-DAD to determine the contents of loganin (LN), asperosaponin VI (AVI), caffeic acid (CaA), dipsanoside A (DA), dipsanoside B (DB), chlorogenic acid (CA), loganic acid (LA), isochlorogenic acid A (IA), isochlorogenic acid B (IB), and isochlorogenic acid C (IC). The results showed that after processing with salt, the components with increased contents were LA, CaA, DA, and AVI, and the components with decreased contents were CA, LN, IB, IA, IC, and DB. Then, the chemometric methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) were used to evaluate the quality of raw and salt-processed RD. In the classification of raw and salt-processed RD, the order of importance of each chemical component was LA > DB > IA > IC > IB > LN > CA > DA > AVI > CaA. These integrated methods successfully assessed the quality of raw and salt-processed RD, which will provide guidance for the development of RD as a clinical medication.
地骨皮（Radix Dipsaci，RD）是地骨皮的干燥根，常用于补肾壮骨。本研究的目的是从化学成分全面分析生地黄和盐渍地黄的区别。采用高效液相色谱-反相色谱法（HPLC-DAD）测定了生猕猴桃苷（LN）、天冬皂苷Ⅵ（AVI）、咖啡酸（CaA）、地黄苷A（DA）、地黄苷B（DB）、绿原酸（CA）、猕猴桃酸（LA）、异绿原酸A（IA）、异绿原酸B（IB）和异绿原酸C（IC）的含量，建立了生猕猴桃苷和盐加工猕猴桃苷的指纹图谱。结果表明，用盐加工后，含量增加的成分有 LA、CaA、DA 和 AVI，含量减少的成分有 CA、LN、IB、IA、IC 和 DB。然后，采用主成分分析法（PCA）和渔夫判别分析法（FDA）等化学计量学方法来评价生鲜和盐渍加工 RD 的质量。在生鲜和盐加工 RD 的分类中，各化学成分的重要程度依次为 LA > DB > IA > IC > IB > LN > CA > DA > AVI > CaA。这些综合方法成功地评估了未加工和盐加工 RD 的质量，将为 RD 作为临床药物的开发提供指导。
{"title":"Analysis of Quality Differences in Radix Dipsaci before and after Processing with Salt Based on Quantitative Control of HPLC Multi-Indicator Components Combined with Chemometrics.","authors":"Hangsha Wu, Yue Lv, Rui Tang, Mingfang Zhao, Yafei Li, Feiyang Wei, Changyu Li, Weihong Ge, Weifeng Du","doi":"10.1155/2024/2109127","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/2109127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radix Dipsaci (RD) is the dry root of the <i>Dipsacus asper</i> Wall. ex DC., which is commonly used for tonifying the kidney and strengthening bone. The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference between raw and salt-processed RD from the chemical composition comprehensively. The fingerprints of raw and salt-processed RD were established by HPLC-DAD to determine the contents of loganin (LN), asperosaponin VI (AVI), caffeic acid (CaA), dipsanoside A (DA), dipsanoside B (DB), chlorogenic acid (CA), loganic acid (LA), isochlorogenic acid A (IA), isochlorogenic acid B (IB), and isochlorogenic acid C (IC). The results showed that after processing with salt, the components with increased contents were LA, CaA, DA, and AVI, and the components with decreased contents were CA, LN, IB, IA, IC, and DB. Then, the chemometric methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) were used to evaluate the quality of raw and salt-processed RD. In the classification of raw and salt-processed RD, the order of importance of each chemical component was LA > DB > IA > IC > IB > LN > CA > DA > AVI > CaA. These integrated methods successfully assessed the quality of raw and salt-processed RD, which will provide guidance for the development of RD as a clinical medication.</p>","PeriodicalId":13888,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"2024 ","pages":"2109127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10866631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139735136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asthma is a medical condition characterized by inflammation, narrowing, and swelling of a person’s airways, leading to increased mucus production and difficulties in breathing. Topological indices are instrumental in assessing the physical and chemical attributes of these asthma drugs. As resistance to current treatments continues to emerge and undesirable side effects are linked to certain medications, the search for novel and enhanced drugs becomes a top priority. In this study, the examination of 19 distinct asthma medications was focused. In this study, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) modeling, in combination with multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) technique VIKOR (VIekriterijumsko KOmpromisno Rangiranje) were employed on asthma drugs, to achieve the most favorable rankings for each asthma drug, taking into account their distinct properties. The topological indices employed for QSPR modeling were Randic index, reciprocal Randic index, Zagreb indices, hyper-Zagreb index, harmonic index, geometric arithmetic index, and forgotten index.
{"title":"Prioritizing Asthma Treatment Drugs through Multicriteria Decision Making","authors":"Sobia Sultana","doi":"10.1155/2024/6516976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6516976","url":null,"abstract":"Asthma is a medical condition characterized by inflammation, narrowing, and swelling of a person’s airways, leading to increased mucus production and difficulties in breathing. Topological indices are instrumental in assessing the physical and chemical attributes of these asthma drugs. As resistance to current treatments continues to emerge and undesirable side effects are linked to certain medications, the search for novel and enhanced drugs becomes a top priority. In this study, the examination of 19 distinct asthma medications was focused. In this study, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) modeling, in combination with multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) technique VIKOR (VIekriterijumsko KOmpromisno Rangiranje) were employed on asthma drugs, to achieve the most favorable rankings for each asthma drug, taking into account their distinct properties. The topological indices employed for QSPR modeling were Randic index, reciprocal Randic index, Zagreb indices, hyper-Zagreb index, harmonic index, geometric arithmetic index, and forgotten index.","PeriodicalId":13888,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139688545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chemical modification of sisal fibers via in situ oxidative polymerization of aniline was conducted to examine their defluoridation capacity for fluoride from drinking water. The effects of polyaniline modifications have shown significant changes on the chemical moieties and defluoridation capacity of sisal fibers (SFs). FTIR peaks at 1440 cm−1 and 1560 cm−1 revealed the presence of benzoid and quinoid structures together with sisal fiber (SF). Thermal profiles confirmed the enhancement of thermal stability of polyaniline-modified sisal fibers (PAniMSFs). SEM microstructure also proved the surface roughening of SFs as a result of polyaniline modifications. Optimal batch adsorption parameters (pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, and initial concentration) were found to be 5, 60 min, 1 g, and 10 mg/L, respectively. Adsorption kinetics proved that the removal of fluoride follows pseudo-second-order model (K2 = 0.18 g. (mg·min)−1), while the adsorption isotherm well described by the Langmuir and Freundlich model with an experimental adsorption capacity of 2.49 mg/g. Hence, modifications and improvements are required to reduce the amount of fluoride to a permissible level and enhance the longevity and activity of adsorbent materials.
{"title":"Oxidative Polymerization of Aniline on the Surface of Sisal Fibers (SFs) as Defluoridation Media for Groundwater","authors":"Tesfamariam Teklu","doi":"10.1155/2024/6941567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6941567","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical modification of sisal fibers via <i>in situ</i> oxidative polymerization of aniline was conducted to examine their defluoridation capacity for fluoride from drinking water. The effects of polyaniline modifications have shown significant changes on the chemical moieties and defluoridation capacity of sisal fibers (SFs). FTIR peaks at 1440 cm<sup>−1</sup> and 1560 cm<sup>−1</sup> revealed the presence of benzoid and quinoid structures together with sisal fiber (SF). Thermal profiles confirmed the enhancement of thermal stability of polyaniline-modified sisal fibers (PAniMSFs). SEM microstructure also proved the surface roughening of SFs as a result of polyaniline modifications. Optimal batch adsorption parameters (pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, and initial concentration) were found to be 5, 60 min, 1 g, and 10 mg/L, respectively. Adsorption kinetics proved that the removal of fluoride follows pseudo-second-order model (<i>K</i><sub>2</sub> = 0.18 g. (mg·min)<sup>−1</sup>), while the adsorption isotherm well described by the Langmuir and Freundlich model with an experimental adsorption capacity of 2.49 mg/g. Hence, modifications and improvements are required to reduce the amount of fluoride to a permissible level and enhance the longevity and activity of adsorbent materials.","PeriodicalId":13888,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139658944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salina Abdul Rahman, Nurul Izzah Ahmad, Roshan Jahn Mohd Salim, Nur Jannaim Muhamad, Anis Syuhada Omar Hamdan, Yin-Hui Leong
It has been well-established that mycotoxins are poisonous chemical metabolites secreted by certain molds. Some of them significantly affect the health of humans and livestock. Increasing attention is now being paid to uncovering and identifying mycotoxins’ presence in the building’s environment. However, the main challenge remains in suitable and reliable analytical methods for their identification and detection in infected structures. GC-MS and LC-MS/MS techniques have been used extensively for mycotoxin analysis, and advancement in these techniques enabled a more comprehensive range of mycotoxins to be detected. As such, this study aimed to address a brief overview of various phenomena of existing sample collection, preparation, and analysis to detect mycotoxins in the building’s environment. This scoping review includes articles from 2010 to 2020 available from PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Wiley, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. Duplicate articles were removed, and exclusion criteria were applied to eliminate unrelated studies, resulting in 14 eligible articles. The present study provides an overview of mycotoxin analysis by GC-MS and LC-MS/MS in buildings. Many techniques are available for analyzing and detecting multiple mycotoxins using these methods. Future efforts would focus on rapid assays and tools enabling measuring a broader range of mycotoxins in a single matrix and lower detection limits. In addition, it would assist future findings on new techniques and mycotoxins that existed in the building’s environment.
{"title":"A Scoping Review on Fungus and Mycotoxin Studies in the Building’s Environment: Mycotoxin Analysis by Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Salina Abdul Rahman, Nurul Izzah Ahmad, Roshan Jahn Mohd Salim, Nur Jannaim Muhamad, Anis Syuhada Omar Hamdan, Yin-Hui Leong","doi":"10.1155/2024/8581029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8581029","url":null,"abstract":"It has been well-established that mycotoxins are poisonous chemical metabolites secreted by certain molds. Some of them significantly affect the health of humans and livestock. Increasing attention is now being paid to uncovering and identifying mycotoxins’ presence in the building’s environment. However, the main challenge remains in suitable and reliable analytical methods for their identification and detection in infected structures. GC-MS and LC-MS/MS techniques have been used extensively for mycotoxin analysis, and advancement in these techniques enabled a more comprehensive range of mycotoxins to be detected. As such, this study aimed to address a brief overview of various phenomena of existing sample collection, preparation, and analysis to detect mycotoxins in the building’s environment. This scoping review includes articles from 2010 to 2020 available from PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Wiley, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. Duplicate articles were removed, and exclusion criteria were applied to eliminate unrelated studies, resulting in 14 eligible articles. The present study provides an overview of mycotoxin analysis by GC-MS and LC-MS/MS in buildings. Many techniques are available for analyzing and detecting multiple mycotoxins using these methods. Future efforts would focus on rapid assays and tools enabling measuring a broader range of mycotoxins in a single matrix and lower detection limits. In addition, it would assist future findings on new techniques and mycotoxins that existed in the building’s environment.","PeriodicalId":13888,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139583991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A simple extraction-free, on-column trace enrichment liquid chromatographic method for the determination of trace levels of bisphenol A (BPA) in bottled water samples has been developed. It was found possible to determine ng/L (ppt) levels of BPA by the direct introduction of 6 mL of sample water to the HPLC column utilising fluorescence detection (Ex<i>λ</i> = 274 nm, Em<i>λ</i> = 314 nm). Following the loading of the sample and the chromatographic focusing of the BPA on the analytical column, a simple switch from the aqueous sample to the isocratic chromatographic elution step of 50% acetonitrile/deionised water was undertaken. Using a BPA concentration of 0.596 <i>μ</i>g/L the effect of sample volume was investigated over the range 1.0 to 12 mL. A linear relationship with the sample volume introduced to the HPLC column and the resulting peak height for BPA was found over the entire range investigated <span><svg height="13.8595pt" style="vertical-align:-2.2681pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.5914 65.2093 13.8595" width="65.2093pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.498,0)"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,12.649,-5.741)"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,21.228,0)"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,32.49,0)"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.73,0)"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,41.694,0)"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,47.936,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-58"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,54.177,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-58"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,60.418,0)"></path></g></svg>.</span> Using a sample volume of 6.0 mL, a well-defined chromatographic peak was recorded for BPA over the concentration range of 0.1 <i>μ</i>g/L to 6.25 <i>μ</i>g/L <span><svg height="13.8595pt" style="vertical-align:-2.2681pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -11.5914 71.4727 13.8595" width="71.4727pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-41"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.498,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-83"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,12.649,-5.741)"><use xlink:href="#g50-51"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,21.228,0)"><use xlink:href="#g117-34"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,32.49,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-49"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.73,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-47"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,41.694,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-58"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,47.936,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-58"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,54.177,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-58"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,60.418,0)"></path></g><g transf
我们开发了一种简单的免萃取柱上痕量富集液相色谱法，用于测定瓶装水样品中的双酚 A (BPA)痕量水平。该方法利用荧光检测（Exλ = 274 nm，Emλ = 314 nm），将 6 mL 样品水直接引入 HPLC 色谱柱，即可测定 ng/L (ppt) 级别的双酚 A。上样并在分析柱上对双酚 A 进行色谱聚焦后，从水样简单切换到 50% 乙腈/去离子水的等度色谱洗脱步骤。使用 0.596 μg/L 的双酚 A 浓度，在 1.0 至 12 mL 的范围内考察了样品量的影响。在整个研究范围内，双酚 A 与进入高效液相色谱柱的样品量和产生的峰高呈线性关系。使用 6.0 mL 的样品量，在 0.1 μg/L 至 6.25 μg/L 的浓度范围内，双酚 A 的色谱峰清晰可见。根据 3 δ 计算，双酚 A 的检测限为 0.058 μg/L。对于添加了 1.25 μg/L BPA 的瓶装矿泉水样品，平均回收率为 100%，相关的 %CV 为 7.6%（n = 5）。样品的处理时间不到 12 分钟，比传统的离线萃取和色谱法快得多。结果表明，优化后的方法有望测定此类样品中的双酚 A。
{"title":"Development of an On-Column Trace Enrichment Method for the Determination of Sub-μg/L Bisphenol A in Bottled Water by RP-HPLC with Fluorescent Detection","authors":"Kevin C. Honeychurch","doi":"10.1155/2024/8258123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8258123","url":null,"abstract":"A simple extraction-free, on-column trace enrichment liquid chromatographic method for the determination of trace levels of bisphenol A (BPA) in bottled water samples has been developed. It was found possible to determine ng/L (ppt) levels of BPA by the direct introduction of 6 mL of sample water to the HPLC column utilising fluorescence detection (Ex<i>λ</i> = 274 nm, Em<i>λ</i> = 314 nm). Following the loading of the sample and the chromatographic focusing of the BPA on the analytical column, a simple switch from the aqueous sample to the isocratic chromatographic elution step of 50% acetonitrile/deionised water was undertaken. Using a BPA concentration of 0.596 <i>μ</i>g/L the effect of sample volume was investigated over the range 1.0 to 12 mL. A linear relationship with the sample volume introduced to the HPLC column and the resulting peak height for BPA was found over the entire range investigated <span><svg height=\"13.8595pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-2.2681pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -11.5914 65.2093 13.8595\" width=\"65.2093pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.498,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,12.649,-5.741)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,21.228,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,32.49,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.73,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,41.694,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,47.936,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-58\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,54.177,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-58\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,60.418,0)\"></path></g></svg>.</span> Using a sample volume of 6.0 mL, a well-defined chromatographic peak was recorded for BPA over the concentration range of 0.1 <i>μ</i>g/L to 6.25 <i>μ</i>g/L <span><svg height=\"13.8595pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-2.2681pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -11.5914 71.4727 13.8595\" width=\"71.4727pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-41\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.498,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-83\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,12.649,-5.741)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g50-51\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,21.228,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g117-34\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,32.49,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.73,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-47\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,41.694,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-58\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,47.936,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-58\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,54.177,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-58\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,60.418,0)\"></path></g><g transf","PeriodicalId":13888,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"187 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139554500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Serum chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) is a diagnostic marker for liver diseases, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, we aimed to evaluate the analytical performance of a chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) for the quantitative detection of CHI3L1 and its application in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver diseases. The CLIA for CHI3L1 detection presented good analytical performance, with a linear range of 1.50–2000.00 ng/mL and a detection limit of 0.98 ng/mL. To evaluate its clinical application, serum CHI3L1 levels were detected in 82 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and in 21 healthy controls. The patients with CHB and HCC had higher CHI3L1 levels than the healthy controls and the patients with CHB without HCC. However, CHI3L1 levels did not change significantly with the increase in liver fibrosis stages. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the diagnosis of HBV-related HCC was 0.808, representing a moderate diagnostic value. Correlation analysis revealed a significant association between CHI3L1 and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, and the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI). In conclusion, compared with currently reported methods for CHI3L1 detection, the CLIA has a high sensitivity, a wide linear range, and an acceptable accuracy, precision, and reference intervals, making it valuable in the diagnosis of HBV-related HCC.
{"title":"Analytical and Clinical Evaluation of a Chemiluminescent Immunoassay to Detect Serum Chitinase-3-like Protein 1 in HBV-Related Liver Diseases","authors":"Yanqiang Liao, Se Peng, Lesheng Huang, Zhong Li, Jian Hu, Rui Xu, Wenzhi Tang, Jialing Zhuang","doi":"10.1155/2024/6688819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6688819","url":null,"abstract":"Serum chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) is a diagnostic marker for liver diseases, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, we aimed to evaluate the analytical performance of a chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) for the quantitative detection of CHI3L1 and its application in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver diseases. The CLIA for CHI3L1 detection presented good analytical performance, with a linear range of 1.50–2000.00 ng/mL and a detection limit of 0.98 ng/mL. To evaluate its clinical application, serum CHI3L1 levels were detected in 82 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and in 21 healthy controls. The patients with CHB and HCC had higher CHI3L1 levels than the healthy controls and the patients with CHB without HCC. However, CHI3L1 levels did not change significantly with the increase in liver fibrosis stages. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the diagnosis of HBV-related HCC was 0.808, representing a moderate diagnostic value. Correlation analysis revealed a significant association between CHI3L1 and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, and the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI). In conclusion, compared with currently reported methods for CHI3L1 detection, the CLIA has a high sensitivity, a wide linear range, and an acceptable accuracy, precision, and reference intervals, making it valuable in the diagnosis of HBV-related HCC.","PeriodicalId":13888,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139554499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to assess the concentrations of major and trace metals (Na, Ca, Fe, Zn, Ni, Mn, Cu, Cd, and Pb) in date palm fruit samples collected from diverse regions, including Afar (Ethiopia), Iraq, and Saudi Arabia, utilizing flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The wet acid digestion method was employed for sample treatment, with optimization of the key parameters such as reagent volume ratio, oven temperature, and digestion time for analytical applications. Under the optimized parameters, average metal concentrations in date palm fruit samples ranged from 205–299, 134–320, 38.8–115, 25.1–42.2, 9.27–27.9, 7.11–16.3, and 0.002–1.15 mg/kg for Ca, Na, Fe, Ni, Zn, Mn, and Cu, respectively. Cd and Pb levels were below detection limits within the linear range. Generally, date palm samples exhibited higher Ca and Na contents and lower concentrations of Cu and Mn than other metals. Pearson correlation analysis revealed very strong positive correlations between Fe and Na, Na and Zn, Na and Mn, Ca and Zn, Fe and Ni, Fe and Mn, and Mn and Ni. Strong negative correlations were observed for Ni and Na, Fe and Cu, and Cu and Ni. Weak correlations were noted among Na and Cu, Ca and Fe, Ca and Ni, Ca and Mn, Ca and Cu, Fe and Zn, Ni and Zn, Zn and Mn, and Zn and Cu. A recovery study using the spiking method demonstrated acceptable percentage recoveries ranging from 91.6% to 97.8%. Health risk assessment, including chronic daily intake (CDI), hazard quotient (HQ), total exposure hazard index (HI), and carcinogenic risk (CR), indicated CDI, HQ, and HI values below 1.0, except for the HI value for Ni. This suggests that the metals pose no probable public health risk, with the absence of Cd and Pb in date palm samples affirming no carcinogenic threats associated with their consumption.
{"title":"Determination of Major and Trace Metals in Date Palm Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera) Samples Using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Assessment of the Associated Public Health Risks","authors":"Feven Tamirat, Wondimeneh Dubale Adane, Merid Tessema, Endale Tesfaye, Gizaw Tesfaye","doi":"10.1155/2024/9914300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9914300","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to assess the concentrations of major and trace metals (Na, Ca, Fe, Zn, Ni, Mn, Cu, Cd, and Pb) in date palm fruit samples collected from diverse regions, including Afar (Ethiopia), Iraq, and Saudi Arabia, utilizing flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The wet acid digestion method was employed for sample treatment, with optimization of the key parameters such as reagent volume ratio, oven temperature, and digestion time for analytical applications. Under the optimized parameters, average metal concentrations in date palm fruit samples ranged from 205–299, 134–320, 38.8–115, 25.1–42.2, 9.27–27.9, 7.11–16.3, and 0.002–1.15 mg/kg for Ca, Na, Fe, Ni, Zn, Mn, and Cu, respectively. Cd and Pb levels were below detection limits within the linear range. Generally, date palm samples exhibited higher Ca and Na contents and lower concentrations of Cu and Mn than other metals. Pearson correlation analysis revealed very strong positive correlations between Fe and Na, Na and Zn, Na and Mn, Ca and Zn, Fe and Ni, Fe and Mn, and Mn and Ni. Strong negative correlations were observed for Ni and Na, Fe and Cu, and Cu and Ni. Weak correlations were noted among Na and Cu, Ca and Fe, Ca and Ni, Ca and Mn, Ca and Cu, Fe and Zn, Ni and Zn, Zn and Mn, and Zn and Cu. A recovery study using the spiking method demonstrated acceptable percentage recoveries ranging from 91.6% to 97.8%. Health risk assessment, including chronic daily intake (CDI), hazard quotient (HQ), total exposure hazard index (HI), and carcinogenic risk (CR), indicated CDI, HQ, and HI values below 1.0, except for the HI value for Ni. This suggests that the metals pose no probable public health risk, with the absence of Cd and Pb in date palm samples affirming no carcinogenic threats associated with their consumption.","PeriodicalId":13888,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"387 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139559791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Contamination of farm produce by toxic heavy metals has become a serious global health concern. These metals can bioaccumulate in plant tissues and are precursors for major public health problems such as cancer and neural impairment. Khat (Catha edulis) also referred to as miraa has the potential to sequester and accumulate both micronutrients and potentially toxic heavy metals in its consumable parts—tender leaves and soft barks of young shoots which are known to possess psychoactive properties when consumed. Therefore, the motivation behind this contribution is to determine the levels of six heavy metals, namely, cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), and nickel (Ni) in consumable Meru khat samples, compare these levels with the permissible limits of World Health Organization (WHO) in order to predict associated health risks, and to estimate the noncarcinogenic risks of these metals by total health quotient (THQ) and health index (HI) on khat consumers. 1.0 g of dry ground khat samples was digested in 0.05 M HCl and allowed to stand for 5 hours before being analyzed for heavy metals using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The mean heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg) in dry khat samples of six toxic heavy metals were Cd (7.81 ± 1.56), Cr (15.98 ± 2.22), Cu (15.81 ± 2.84), Fe (97.35 ± 32.67), Ni (0.37 ± 0.02), and Pb (32.36 ± 9.95). Based on the results, the mean levels of Pb, Cd, and Cr exceeded WHO permissible limits. In addition, the Pb and Cd THQ values and the HI of the six heavy metals investigated in the khat samples exceeded the threshold value of 1.0. Furthermore, the THQ and HI values showed that Pb and Cd were potentially the major contributors to noncarcinogenic risks on regular khat consumers. This is a matter of concern on the excessive consumption of Meru khat-based products, which over time may cause a toxicological response. Based on the findings of this study, the use of agrochemicals should significantly be minimized in khat farming. Accordingly, the Meru khat farmers should be sensitized on alternative farming practices that do not potentially cause heavy metal contamination in khat.
{"title":"Analysis of the Concentration of Heavy Metals in Khat Grown in Meru County and the Assessment of Their Associated Health Risks","authors":"Albert M. Oyugi, Joshua K. Kibet, John O. Adongo","doi":"10.1155/2024/6688184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6688184","url":null,"abstract":"Contamination of farm produce by toxic heavy metals has become a serious global health concern. These metals can bioaccumulate in plant tissues and are precursors for major public health problems such as cancer and neural impairment. Khat (<i>Catha edulis</i>) also referred to as miraa has the potential to sequester and accumulate both micronutrients and potentially toxic heavy metals in its consumable parts—tender leaves and soft barks of young shoots which are known to possess psychoactive properties when consumed. Therefore, the motivation behind this contribution is to determine the levels of six heavy metals, namely, cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), and nickel (Ni) in consumable Meru khat samples, compare these levels with the permissible limits of World Health Organization (WHO) in order to predict associated health risks, and to estimate the noncarcinogenic risks of these metals by total health quotient (THQ) and health index (HI) on khat consumers. 1.0 g of dry ground khat samples was digested in 0.05 M HCl and allowed to stand for 5 hours before being analyzed for heavy metals using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The mean heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg) in dry khat samples of six toxic heavy metals were Cd (7.81 ± 1.56), Cr (15.98 ± 2.22), Cu (15.81 ± 2.84), Fe (97.35 ± 32.67), Ni (0.37 ± 0.02), and Pb (32.36 ± 9.95). Based on the results, the mean levels of Pb, Cd, and Cr exceeded WHO permissible limits. In addition, the Pb and Cd THQ values and the HI of the six heavy metals investigated in the khat samples exceeded the threshold value of 1.0. Furthermore, the THQ and HI values showed that Pb and Cd were potentially the major contributors to noncarcinogenic risks on regular khat consumers. This is a matter of concern on the excessive consumption of Meru khat-based products, which over time may cause a toxicological response. Based on the findings of this study, the use of agrochemicals should significantly be minimized in khat farming. Accordingly, the Meru khat farmers should be sensitized on alternative farming practices that do not potentially cause heavy metal contamination in khat.","PeriodicalId":13888,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139496779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bing-Yan Chu, Chi Lin, Peng-Cheng Nie, Zheng-Yan Xia
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology has unique advantages in the rapid detection of pesticides in plant-derived foods, leading to reduced detection limits and increased accuracy. Plant-derived Chinese herbal medicines have similar sources to plant-derived foods; however, due to the rough surfaces and complex compositions of herbal medicines, the detection of pesticide residues in this context continues to rely heavily on traditional methods, which are time consuming and laborious and are unable to meet market demands for portability. The application of flexible nanomaterials and SERS technology in this realm would allow rapid and accurate detection in a portable format. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the underlying principles and characteristics of SERS technology, with particular focus on applications of SERS for the analysis of pesticide residues in agricultural products. This paper summarizes recent research progress in the field from three main directions: sample pretreatment, SERS substrates, and data processing. The prospects and limitations of SERS technology are also discussed, in order to provide theoretical support for rapid detection of pesticide residues in Chinese herbal medicines.
{"title":"Research Status in the Use of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) to Detect Pesticide Residues in Foods and Plant-Derived Chinese Herbal Medicines","authors":"Bing-Yan Chu, Chi Lin, Peng-Cheng Nie, Zheng-Yan Xia","doi":"10.1155/2024/5531430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5531430","url":null,"abstract":"Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology has unique advantages in the rapid detection of pesticides in plant-derived foods, leading to reduced detection limits and increased accuracy. Plant-derived Chinese herbal medicines have similar sources to plant-derived foods; however, due to the rough surfaces and complex compositions of herbal medicines, the detection of pesticide residues in this context continues to rely heavily on traditional methods, which are time consuming and laborious and are unable to meet market demands for portability. The application of flexible nanomaterials and SERS technology in this realm would allow rapid and accurate detection in a portable format. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the underlying principles and characteristics of SERS technology, with particular focus on applications of SERS for the analysis of pesticide residues in agricultural products. This paper summarizes recent research progress in the field from three main directions: sample pretreatment, SERS substrates, and data processing. The prospects and limitations of SERS technology are also discussed, in order to provide theoretical support for rapid detection of pesticide residues in Chinese herbal medicines.","PeriodicalId":13888,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"250 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139460819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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