An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to determine the concentrations of Rhodojaponin II and Rhodojaponin III in rat plasma, and their pharmacokinetic profiles were investigated. A UPLC HSS T3 (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.8 μm) chromatographic column was employed at a temperature of 40°C. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid in water, and a gradient elution method with an elution time of 6 min and flow rate of 0.4 mL/min was utilized for analysis purposes. Methodological investigations were conducted accordingly. The plasma concentrations of Rhodojaponin II and Rhodojaponin III exhibited excellent linearity within the range of 2 ng/mL-1250 ng/mL. Moreover, both intraday and interday precision were below 15%, while accuracy ranged from 88% to 115%. Additionally, matrix effect fell within the range of 90%-110%, and recoveries ranged from 78% to 87%. These results comply with relevant regulations for drug analysis in biological samples. Therefore, this method is deemed suitable for quantifying Rhodojaponin II and Rhodojaponin III levels in rats.
建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）测定大鼠血浆中黄连皂苷II和黄连皂苷III浓度的方法，并考察了它们的药代动力学特征。采用UPLC HSS T3 (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.8 μm)色谱柱，温度为40 ℃。以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相，采用梯度洗脱法进行分析，洗脱时间为 6 分钟，流速为 0.4 mL/min。进行了相应的方法学研究。Rhodojaponin II 和 Rhodojaponin III 的血浆浓度在 2 ng/mL-1250 ng/mL 范围内呈良好的线性关系。此外，日内和日间精密度均低于 15%，准确度在 88% 至 115% 之间。此外，基质效应在 90%-110% 之间，回收率在 78%-87% 之间。这些结果符合生物样本中药物分析的相关规定。因此，该方法适用于大鼠体内红豆皂苷 II 和红豆皂苷 III 的定量分析。
{"title":"Quantification of Rhodojaponin II and Rhodojaponin III in Rat Plasma by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.","authors":"Cheng Sun, Wanhang Wang, Xi Bao, Dizhong Chen, Shenshen Mei, Jianshe Ma, Xiajuan Jiang","doi":"10.1155/2024/6386570","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/6386570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to determine the concentrations of Rhodojaponin II and Rhodojaponin III in rat plasma, and their pharmacokinetic profiles were investigated. A UPLC HSS T3 (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.8 <i>μ</i>m) chromatographic column was employed at a temperature of 40°C. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid in water, and a gradient elution method with an elution time of 6 min and flow rate of 0.4 mL/min was utilized for analysis purposes. Methodological investigations were conducted accordingly. The plasma concentrations of Rhodojaponin II and Rhodojaponin III exhibited excellent linearity within the range of 2 ng/mL-1250 ng/mL. Moreover, both intraday and interday precision were below 15%, while accuracy ranged from 88% to 115%. Additionally, matrix effect fell within the range of 90%-110%, and recoveries ranged from 78% to 87%. These results comply with relevant regulations for drug analysis in biological samples. Therefore, this method is deemed suitable for quantifying Rhodojaponin II and Rhodojaponin III levels in rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":13888,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11208791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141467825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-10eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1155/2024/4400606
Elias Bekka, Samuel E Christen, Laura Hermann, Aristomenis K Exadaktylos, Manuel Haschke, Evangelia Liakoni
Introduction: In case of suspected acute recreational drug toxicity, immunoassays are commonly used as diagnostic tools. Although easy to handle, understanding of their limitations is necessary for a correct interpretation of the results. The aim of this project was to investigate residents' knowledge regarding drug screening immunoassays at a Swiss hospital group.
Methods: All residents of a large hospital group in Switzerland were invited by e-mail to participate in an anonymous survey. Following ten multiple choice questions on drug screening tests, the participants were also asked about their demographics, whether they used drug screening tests on a regular basis, and how confident they felt in their ability to interpret test results.
Results: The ten knowledge questions were answered by 110 of the 1026 residents (11%). Among the 108 participants with available demographics, 90% were 25-35 years old, 63% were female, and 70% were at least in their 4th year of residency. The median score of correct answers was 4 out of 10 (range 0-7) and in 50% of the questions, the correct answer was the most frequently selected response. No significant differences in the knowledge scores were found based on the training, confidence level, or the frequency of drug tests used in daily work.
Conclusion: This survey revealed widespread knowledge gaps among residents regarding the interpretation of immunoassay-based drug test results. These findings can be used to implement educational measures on this topic and might provide a basis for targeted information on common pitfalls to be included in laboratory reports.
{"title":"Residents' Knowledge regarding Recreational Drug Screening Immunoassays at a Swiss Hospital Group.","authors":"Elias Bekka, Samuel E Christen, Laura Hermann, Aristomenis K Exadaktylos, Manuel Haschke, Evangelia Liakoni","doi":"10.1155/2024/4400606","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2024/4400606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In case of suspected acute recreational drug toxicity, immunoassays are commonly used as diagnostic tools. Although easy to handle, understanding of their limitations is necessary for a correct interpretation of the results. The aim of this project was to investigate residents' knowledge regarding drug screening immunoassays at a Swiss hospital group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All residents of a large hospital group in Switzerland were invited by e-mail to participate in an anonymous survey. Following ten multiple choice questions on drug screening tests, the participants were also asked about their demographics, whether they used drug screening tests on a regular basis, and how confident they felt in their ability to interpret test results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ten knowledge questions were answered by 110 of the 1026 residents (11%). Among the 108 participants with available demographics, 90% were 25-35 years old, 63% were female, and 70% were at least in their 4<sup>th</sup> year of residency. The median score of correct answers was 4 out of 10 (range 0-7) and in 50% of the questions, the correct answer was the most frequently selected response. No significant differences in the knowledge scores were found based on the training, confidence level, or the frequency of drug tests used in daily work.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This survey revealed widespread knowledge gaps among residents regarding the interpretation of immunoassay-based drug test results. These findings can be used to implement educational measures on this topic and might provide a basis for targeted information on common pitfalls to be included in laboratory reports.</p>","PeriodicalId":13888,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11208805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141467826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Euonymusfortunei polysaccharides (EFPs) have not been extensively investigated yet in terms of their extraction and biological activity. The orthogonal experimental design was employed in this study to evaluate the optimum yield of EFPs. A maximum yield of 2.63 ± 0.23% was attained using material-liquid ratios of 60 mL/g, extraction temperature of 80°C, ultrasonic power of 144 W, and extraction time of 75 mins. The polysaccharide content reached 53.47 ± 0.31% when deproteinized thrice. An analysis of monosaccharide composition revealed that these polysaccharides consist of Gal, Glc, Man, Fuc, and Rha with a molar ratio of 7.14 ∶ 23.99 ∶ 6.29 ∶ 6.55 ∶ 1.00, respectively, in EFPs. Subsequently, the in vitro scavenging capacities of 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ·OH and superoxide anion radicals, along with the reducing power of EFPs, were studied. Results revealed that EFPs have higher antioxidant activity, particularly ·OH scavenging, as well as reducing power, as compared to Astragalus polysaccharides (ASPs) and Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs). The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) method was used to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of polysaccharides on SKOV3 cell proliferation, and the results revealed their inhibition at concentrations in the range of 200–800 μg/mL. In addition, findings from flow cytometry further confirmed that EFPs blocked the cell cycle at G0/G1 and S phases and induced SKOV3 cell apoptosis. In a word, EFPs could be exploited and used further based on the experimental results from this study.
{"title":"Structure Elucidation of a Novel Polysaccharide Isolated from Euonymus fortunei and Establishing Its Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties","authors":"Yu Luo, Hongtao Chen, Chunxi Huang, Shujia He, Qilong Wen, Danzhao Cai","doi":"10.1155/2024/8871600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8871600","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Euonymus</i><i>fortunei</i> polysaccharides (EFPs) have not been extensively investigated yet in terms of their extraction and biological activity. The orthogonal experimental design was employed in this study to evaluate the optimum yield of EFPs. A maximum yield of 2.63 ± 0.23% was attained using material-liquid ratios of 60 mL/g, extraction temperature of 80°C, ultrasonic power of 144 W, and extraction time of 75 mins. The polysaccharide content reached 53.47 ± 0.31% when deproteinized thrice. An analysis of monosaccharide composition revealed that these polysaccharides consist of Gal, Glc, Man, Fuc, and Rha with a molar ratio of 7.14 ∶ 23.99 ∶ 6.29 ∶ 6.55 ∶ 1.00, respectively, in EFPs. Subsequently, the <i>in vitro</i> scavenging capacities of 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ·OH and superoxide anion radicals, along with the reducing power of EFPs, were studied. Results revealed that EFPs have higher antioxidant activity, particularly ·OH scavenging, as well as reducing power, as compared to <i>Astragalus</i> polysaccharides (ASPs) and <i>Lycium barbarum</i> polysaccharides (LBPs). The Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) method was used to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of polysaccharides on SKOV3 cell proliferation, and the results revealed their inhibition at concentrations in the range of 200–800 <i>μ</i>g/mL. In addition, findings from flow cytometry further confirmed that EFPs blocked the cell cycle at G0/G1 and S phases and induced SKOV3 cell apoptosis. In a word, EFPs could be exploited and used further based on the experimental results from this study.","PeriodicalId":13888,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141147546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bingyuan Fan, Qian Wang, Shan Wang, Yahui Gao, Yan Liang, Jinru Pan, Xinrui Fu, Li Li, Wei Meng
MiR-378 is abnormally expressed in various cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and nonsmall cell lung cancer. Here, we developed a label- and immobilization-free ratiometric homogeneous electrochemical strategy based on exonuclease III (Exo III) for the facile and rapid determination of miR-378. Two 3′-protruding hairpin DNA probes (HPs) are designed in this strategy. Doxorubicin (DOX) and potassium ferrocyanide (Fe2+) were used as label-free probes to produce a response signal (IDOX) and a reference signal (IFe2+) in the solution phase. When no target was present in the solution, the HP was stable, most of the DOX was intercalated in the stem of the HP, and the diffusion rate of DOX was significantly reduced, resulting in reduced electrochemical signal response. When miR-378 was present, double-cycle signal amplification triggered by Exo III cleavage was initiated, ultimately disrupting the hairpin structures of HP1 and HP2 and releasing a large amount of DOX into the solution, yielding a stronger electrochemical signal, which was low to 50 pM. This detection possesses excellent selectivity, demonstrating high application potential in biological systems, and offers simple and low-cost electrochemical detection for miR-378.
MiR-378 在肝细胞癌、肾细胞癌和非小细胞肺癌等多种癌症中异常表达。在此，我们开发了一种基于外切酶 III（Exo III）的无标记、无固定化的比率计量均相电化学策略，用于简便快速地测定 miR-378。该方法设计了两个 3′突起的发夹 DNA 探针（HPs）。多柔比星（DOX）和亚铁氰化钾（Fe2+）被用作无标记探针，在溶液阶段产生响应信号（IDOX）和参考信号（IFe2+）。当溶液中没有靶标存在时，HP 稳定，大部分 DOX 被夹杂在 HP 的茎中，DOX 的扩散速率显著降低，导致电化学信号响应降低。当存在 miR-378 时，由 Exo III 裂解引发的双循环信号放大开始启动，最终破坏了 HP1 和 HP2 的发夹结构，向溶液中释放出大量 DOX，产生更强的电化学信号，低至 50 pM。这种检测方法具有极佳的选择性，在生物系统中具有很高的应用潜力，并为 miR-378 的电化学检测提供了简单、低成本的方法。
{"title":"Label-Free Ratiometric Homogeneous Electrochemical Strategy Based on Exonuclease III-Aided Signal Amplification for Facile and Rapid Detection of miR-378","authors":"Bingyuan Fan, Qian Wang, Shan Wang, Yahui Gao, Yan Liang, Jinru Pan, Xinrui Fu, Li Li, Wei Meng","doi":"10.1155/2024/8368987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8368987","url":null,"abstract":"MiR-378 is abnormally expressed in various cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and nonsmall cell lung cancer. Here, we developed a label- and immobilization-free ratiometric homogeneous electrochemical strategy based on exonuclease III (Exo III) for the facile and rapid determination of miR-378. Two 3′-protruding hairpin DNA probes (HPs) are designed in this strategy. Doxorubicin (DOX) and potassium ferrocyanide (Fe2+) were used as label-free probes to produce a response signal (IDOX) and a reference signal (IFe2+) in the solution phase. When no target was present in the solution, the HP was stable, most of the DOX was intercalated in the stem of the HP, and the diffusion rate of DOX was significantly reduced, resulting in reduced electrochemical signal response. When miR-378 was present, double-cycle signal amplification triggered by Exo III cleavage was initiated, ultimately disrupting the hairpin structures of HP1 and HP2 and releasing a large amount of DOX into the solution, yielding a stronger electrochemical signal, which was low to 50 pM. This detection possesses excellent selectivity, demonstrating high application potential in biological systems, and offers simple and low-cost electrochemical detection for miR-378.","PeriodicalId":13888,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141115878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad S. El-Shahawi, Hassan Alwael, Abdulaziz A. Alsibaai, Abdelgany Hamza, Faisal K. Algethami, Fatmah M. Alshareef, Sanaa H. El-Khouly, Neven Eweda
There is growing demand for separation of 90Y carrier free from 90Sr coexisting to produce high purity 90Y essential for radiopharmaceutical uses. Thus, in this context the sorption profiles of Y3+ and Sr2+ from aqueous solutions containing diethylenetriaminepenta acetic acid (DTPA), ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA), acetic acid, citric acid, or NaCl onto Chelex-100 (anion ion exchange) solid sorbent were critically studied for developing an efficient and low-cost methodology for selective separation of Y3+ from Sr2+ ions (1.0 × 10−5 M). Batch experiments displayed relative chemical extraction percentage (98 ± 5.4%) of Y3+ from aqueous acetic acid solution onto Chelex-100 (anion ion exchanger), whereas Sr2+ species showed no sorption. Hence, a selective separation of Y3+ from its parent 90Sr2+ has been established based upon percolation of the aqueous solution of Y3+ and Sr2+ ions containing acetic acid at pH 1-2 through Chelex-100 sorbent packed column at a 2 mL min−1 flow rate. Y3+ species were retained quantitatively while Sr2+ ions were not sorbed and passed through the sorbent packed column without extraction. The sorbed Y3+ species were then recovered from the sorbent packed column with HNO3 (1.0 M) at a 1.0 mL min−1 flow rate. A dual extraction mechanism comprising absorption associated to “weak-base anion exchanger” and “solvent extraction” of Y3+ as (YCl6)3− and an extra part for “surface adsorption” of Y3+ by the sorbent is proposed. The established method was validated by measuring the radiochemical (99.2 ± 2 1%), radionuclide purity and retardation factor ( = 10.0 ± 0.1 cm) of 90Y3+ recovered in the eluate. Ultimately, the sorbent packed column also presented high stability for reusing 2-3 cycles without drop in its efficiency (±5%) towards Y3+ uptake and relative chemical recovery. A proposed flow sheet describing the analytical procedures for the separation of 90Y3+ from 90Sr2+ using chelating Chelex 100 (anion exchange) packed column is also included.
{"title":"Sorption Characteristics and Chromatographic Separation of 90Y3+ from 90Sr2+ from Aqueous Media by Chelex-100 (Anion Ion Exchange) Packed Column","authors":"Mohammad S. El-Shahawi, Hassan Alwael, Abdulaziz A. Alsibaai, Abdelgany Hamza, Faisal K. Algethami, Fatmah M. Alshareef, Sanaa H. El-Khouly, Neven Eweda","doi":"10.1155/2024/6232381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6232381","url":null,"abstract":"There is growing demand for separation of <sup>90</sup>Y carrier free from <sup>90</sup>Sr coexisting to produce high purity <sup>90</sup>Y essential for radiopharmaceutical uses. Thus, in this context the sorption profiles of Y<sup>3+</sup> and Sr<sup>2+</sup> from aqueous solutions containing diethylenetriaminepenta acetic acid (DTPA), ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA), acetic acid, citric acid, or NaCl onto Chelex-100 (anion ion exchange) solid sorbent were critically studied for developing an efficient and low-cost methodology for selective separation of Y<sup>3+</sup> from Sr<sup>2+</sup> ions (1.0 × 10<sup>−5</sup> M). Batch experiments displayed relative chemical extraction percentage (98 ± 5.4%) of Y<sup>3+</sup> from aqueous acetic acid solution onto Chelex-100 (anion ion exchanger), whereas Sr<sup>2+</sup> species showed no sorption. Hence, a selective separation of Y<sup>3+</sup> from its parent <sup>90</sup>Sr<sup>2+</sup> has been established based upon percolation of the aqueous solution of Y<sup>3+</sup> and Sr<sup>2+</sup> ions containing acetic acid at pH 1-2 through Chelex-100 sorbent packed column at a 2 mL min<sup>−1</sup> flow rate. Y<sup>3+</sup> species were retained quantitatively while Sr<sup>2+</sup> ions were not sorbed and passed through the sorbent packed column without extraction. The sorbed Y<sup>3+</sup> species were then recovered from the sorbent packed column with HNO<sub>3</sub> (1.0 M) at a 1.0 mL min<sup>−1</sup> flow rate. A dual extraction mechanism comprising absorption associated to “weak-base anion exchanger” and “solvent extraction” of Y<sup>3+</sup> as (YCl<sub>6</sub>)<sup>3−</sup> and an extra part for “surface adsorption” of Y<sup>3+</sup> by the sorbent is proposed. The established method was validated by measuring the radiochemical (99.2 ± 2 1%), radionuclide purity and retardation factor (<svg height=\"14.1649pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-5.529pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.6359 14.5964 14.1649\" width=\"14.5964pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.086,3.132)\"></path></g></svg> = 10.0 ± 0.1 cm) of <sup>90</sup>Y<sup>3+</sup> recovered in the eluate. Ultimately, the sorbent packed column also presented high stability for reusing 2-3 cycles without drop in its efficiency (±5%) towards Y<sup>3+</sup> uptake and relative chemical recovery. A proposed flow sheet describing the analytical procedures for the separation of <sup>90</sup>Y<sup>3+</sup> from <sup>90</sup>Sr<sup>2+</sup> using chelating Chelex 100 (anion exchange) packed column is also included.","PeriodicalId":13888,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140925929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) serves as a significant adjunct to chemical treatment for chronic diseases. For instance, the administration of Baitouweng decoction (BTWD) has proven effective in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. However, the limited understanding of its pharmacokinetics (PK) has impeded its widespread use. Chinese Bama miniature pigs possess anatomical and physiological similarities to the human body, making them a valuable model for investigating PK properties. Consequently, the identification of PK properties in Bama miniature pigs can provide valuable insights for guiding the clinical application of BTWD in humans. To facilitate this research, a rapid and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of eleven active ingredients of BTWD in plasma. Chromatographic separation was conducted using an Acquity UPLC HSS T3 C18 column and a gradient mobile phase comprising acetonitrile and water (containing 0.1% acetic acid). The methodology was validated in accordance with the FDA Bioanalytical Method Validation Guidance for Industry. The lower limit of quantitation fell within the range of 0.60–2.01 ng/mL. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that coptisine chloride, berberine, columbamine, phellodendrine, and obacunone exhibited low , while fraxetin, esculin, fraxin, and pulchinenoside were rapidly absorbed and eliminated from the plasma. These findings have implications for the development of effective components in BTWD and the adjustment of clinical dosage regimens.
{"title":"Pharmacokinetic Properties of Baitouweng Decoction in Bama Miniature Pigs: Implications for Clinical Application in Humans","authors":"Qianqian Xu, Huilan Gao, Fuqiang Zhu, Wenliang Xu, Yubo Wang, Jinwen Xie, Guangjun Guo, Limei Yang, Li Ma, Zhiqiang Shen, Jichang Li","doi":"10.1155/2024/5535752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5535752","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) serves as a significant adjunct to chemical treatment for chronic diseases. For instance, the administration of Baitouweng decoction (BTWD) has proven effective in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. However, the limited understanding of its pharmacokinetics (PK) has impeded its widespread use. Chinese Bama miniature pigs possess anatomical and physiological similarities to the human body, making them a valuable model for investigating PK properties. Consequently, the identification of PK properties in Bama miniature pigs can provide valuable insights for guiding the clinical application of BTWD in humans. To facilitate this research, a rapid and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of eleven active ingredients of BTWD in plasma. Chromatographic separation was conducted using an Acquity UPLC HSS T3 C<sub>18</sub> column and a gradient mobile phase comprising acetonitrile and water (containing 0.1% acetic acid). The methodology was validated in accordance with the FDA Bioanalytical Method Validation Guidance for Industry. The lower limit of quantitation fell within the range of 0.60–2.01 ng/mL. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that coptisine chloride, berberine, columbamine, phellodendrine, and obacunone exhibited low <span><svg height=\"11.9316pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.2957pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.6359 25.3434 11.9316\" width=\"25.3434pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.619,3.132)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,16.181,3.132)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,20.267,3.132)\"></path></g></svg>,</span> while fraxetin, esculin, fraxin, and pulchinenoside <svg height=\"11.5695pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.18152pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.38798 12.7187 11.5695\" width=\"12.7187pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.644,3.132)\"></path></g></svg> were rapidly absorbed and eliminated from the plasma. These findings have implications for the development of effective components in BTWD and the adjustment of clinical dosage regimens.","PeriodicalId":13888,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140925966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuanyuan Chen, Yu Dong, Lin Song, Changxi Bai, Buhechaolu Wang, Chula Sa
Leontopodium leontopodioides (Willd.) Beauv. (L. leontopodioides.) has been used to treat lung diseases in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, a systematic analysis of its chemical components has not been reported so far. In this study, UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS and GC-MS were applied to investigate the chemical composition of the water extracts and essential oils of L. leontopodioides. UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS adopts a heating electrospray ionization source, collecting primary and secondary mass spectrometry data in positive and negative ions, respectively, and uses Compound Discoverer 3.2 software to analyze the collected raw data. As a result, a total of 39 compounds were identified from their high-resolution mass spectra in both positive and negative ionization modes, including 13 flavonoids and their glycosides, 15 phenolic acids, 4 oligosaccharides and glycosides, 4 pentacyclic triterpenoids, and 3 other compounds. Among them, 18 chemical components have not been reported in L. leontopodioides. In the GC-MS section, two common organic solvents (n-hexane and diethyl ether) were used to extract essential oils, and the mass spectra were recorded at 70 eV (electron impact) and scanned in the range of 35∼450 m/z. Compounds were identified using NIST (version 2017), and the peak area normalization method was used to calculate their relative amounts. Finally, 17 components were identified in the volatile oil extracted with n-hexane, accounting for 80.38% of the total volatile oil, including monoterpenoids, phenylpropene, fatty acids, and aliphatic hydrocarbons. In the volatile oil extracted with diethyl ether, 16 components were identified, accounting for 73.50% of the total volatile oil, including phenylpropene, aliphatic hydrocarbons, monoterpenoids, fatty acids, and esters. This study was the first to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the chemical composition of the L. leontopodioides water extract and its essential oil, and a comprehensive chemical composition spectrum was constructed, to lay a foundation for its further pharmacodynamic material basis and quality evaluation.
{"title":"The Analysis of Leontopodium leontopodioides (Willd.) Beauv. Chemical Composition by GC/MS and UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS","authors":"Yuanyuan Chen, Yu Dong, Lin Song, Changxi Bai, Buhechaolu Wang, Chula Sa","doi":"10.1155/2024/3525212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3525212","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Leontopodium leontopodioides</i> (Willd.) Beauv. (<i>L. leontopodioides</i>.) has been used to treat lung diseases in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, a systematic analysis of its chemical components has not been reported so far. In this study, UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS and GC-MS were applied to investigate the chemical composition of the water extracts and essential oils of <i>L. leontopodioides.</i> UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS adopts a heating electrospray ionization source, collecting primary and secondary mass spectrometry data in positive and negative ions, respectively, and uses Compound Discoverer 3.2 software to analyze the collected raw data. As a result, a total of 39 compounds were identified from their high-resolution mass spectra in both positive and negative ionization modes, including 13 flavonoids and their glycosides, 15 phenolic acids, 4 oligosaccharides and glycosides, 4 pentacyclic triterpenoids, and 3 other compounds. Among them, 18 chemical components have not been reported in <i>L. leontopodioides</i>. In the GC-MS section, two common organic solvents (n-hexane and diethyl ether) were used to extract essential oils, and the mass spectra were recorded at 70 eV (electron impact) and scanned in the range of 35∼450 m/z. Compounds were identified using NIST (version 2017), and the peak area normalization method was used to calculate their relative amounts. Finally, 17 components were identified in the volatile oil extracted with n-hexane, accounting for 80.38% of the total volatile oil, including monoterpenoids, phenylpropene, fatty acids, and aliphatic hydrocarbons. In the volatile oil extracted with diethyl ether, 16 components were identified, accounting for 73.50% of the total volatile oil, including phenylpropene, aliphatic hydrocarbons, monoterpenoids, fatty acids, and esters. This study was the first to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the chemical composition of the <i>L. leontopodioides</i> water extract and its essential oil, and a comprehensive chemical composition spectrum was constructed, to lay a foundation for its further pharmacodynamic material basis and quality evaluation.","PeriodicalId":13888,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140883416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shikhah Almutairi, Nawal A. Alarfaj, Adibah M. Almutairi, Maha F. El-Tohamy
The advanced and highly functional properties of Al2O3 and NiO nanoparticles promote the widespread use of metal oxides as remarkable electroactive materials for sensing and electrochemical applications. The proposed study describes a comparison of the sensitivity and selectivity of two modified wire membrane sensors enriched with Al2O3 and NiO nanoparticles with conventional wire membranes for the quantification of the antidiabetic drug metformin hydrochloride (MTF). The results show linear relationships of the enriched Al2O3 and NiO nanosensors over the concentration ranges 1.0 × 10−10–1.0 × 10−2 mol L−1 and 1.0 × 10−6–1.0 × 10−2 M for both the modified sensors and the conventional coated wire membrane sensors. The regression equations were = (52.1 ± 0.5) log (MTF) + 729 for enriched nanometallic oxides, = (57.04 ± 0.4) log (MTF) + 890.66, and = (58.27 ± 0.7) log (MTF) + 843.27 with correlation coefficients of 0.9991, 0.9997, and 0.9998 for the aforementioned sensors, respectively. The proposed method was fully validated with respect to the recommendations of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). The newly functionalized sensors have been successfully used for the determination of MTF in its commercial products.
{"title":"Exploiting of Green Synthesized Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in the Potentiometric Determination of Metformin Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Products","authors":"Shikhah Almutairi, Nawal A. Alarfaj, Adibah M. Almutairi, Maha F. El-Tohamy","doi":"10.1155/2024/8354311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8354311","url":null,"abstract":"The advanced and highly functional properties of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and NiO nanoparticles promote the widespread use of metal oxides as remarkable electroactive materials for sensing and electrochemical applications. The proposed study describes a comparison of the sensitivity and selectivity of two modified wire membrane sensors enriched with Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and NiO nanoparticles with conventional wire membranes for the quantification of the antidiabetic drug metformin hydrochloride (MTF). The results show linear relationships of the enriched Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and NiO nanosensors over the concentration ranges 1.0 × 10<sup>−10</sup>–1.0 × 10<sup>−2</sup> mol L<sup>−1</sup> and 1.0 × 10<sup>−6</sup>–1.0 × 10<sup>−2</sup> M for both the modified sensors and the conventional coated wire membrane sensors. The regression equations were <svg height=\"11.9087pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.2728pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.6359 21.614 11.9087\" width=\"21.614pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.943,3.132)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,14.537,3.132)\"></path></g></svg> = (52.1 ± 0.5) log (MTF) + 729 for enriched nanometallic oxides, <svg height=\"11.9087pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.2728pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.6359 21.614 11.9087\" width=\"21.614pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-70\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.943,3.132)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g190-110\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,14.537,3.132)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g190-87\"></use></g></svg> = (57.04 ± 0.4) log (MTF) + 890.66, and <svg height=\"11.9087pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.2728pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.6359 21.614 11.9087\" width=\"21.614pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-70\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.943,3.132)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g190-110\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,14.537,3.132)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g190-87\"></use></g></svg> = (58.27 ± 0.7) log (MTF) + 843.27 with correlation coefficients of 0.9991, 0.9997, and 0.9998 for the aforementioned sensors, respectively. The proposed method was fully validated with respect to the recommendations of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). The newly functionalized sensors have been successfully used for the determination of MTF in its commercial products.","PeriodicalId":13888,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140597162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Urine test strips for urinalysis are a common diagnostic tool with minimal costs and are used in various situations including homecare and hospitalization. The coloration scaled by the naked eye is simple, but it is suitable for semiquantitative analysis only. In this paper, a colorimetric assay is developed based on a smartphone digital camera and urine test strips. Assays of pH, albumin, glucose, and lipase activity were performed as a tool for the diagnosis of aciduria, alkaluria, glycosuria, proteinuria, and leukocyturia. The RGB color channels were analyzed in the colorimetric assay, and the assay exerted good sensitivity, and all the particular diagnoses proved to be reliable. The limits of detection for glucose (0.11 mmol/L), albumin (0.15 g/L), and lipase (2.50 U/μL) were low enough to cover the expected physiological concentration, and the range for pH was also satisfactory. The urine test strips with a camera as an output detector proved applicability to spiked urine samples, and the results were also well in comparison to the standard assays which confirms the practical relevance of the presented findings.
{"title":"Urine Test Strip Quantitative Assay with a Smartphone Camera","authors":"Miroslav Pohanka, Jitka Zakova","doi":"10.1155/2024/6004970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6004970","url":null,"abstract":"Urine test strips for urinalysis are a common diagnostic tool with minimal costs and are used in various situations including homecare and hospitalization. The coloration scaled by the naked eye is simple, but it is suitable for semiquantitative analysis only. In this paper, a colorimetric assay is developed based on a smartphone digital camera and urine test strips. Assays of pH, albumin, glucose, and lipase activity were performed as a tool for the diagnosis of aciduria, alkaluria, glycosuria, proteinuria, and leukocyturia. The RGB color channels were analyzed in the colorimetric assay, and the assay exerted good sensitivity, and all the particular diagnoses proved to be reliable. The limits of detection for glucose (0.11 mmol/L), albumin (0.15 g/L), and lipase (2.50 U/<i>μ</i>L) were low enough to cover the expected physiological concentration, and the range for pH was also satisfactory. The urine test strips with a camera as an output detector proved applicability to spiked urine samples, and the results were also well in comparison to the standard assays which confirms the practical relevance of the presented findings.","PeriodicalId":13888,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140147221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiujing Zhu, Lin Li, Bin Dai, Zhijun Liu, Zhipeng Wang, Lili Cui, Shouhong Gao, Wansheng Chen, Xia Tao, Deduo Xu
The combined prescriptions of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and other drugs are limited due to potential drug-drug interactions, so therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) becomes particularly important. In this study, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was established for determination of the nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in plasma of patients with COVID-19, providing technical and theoretical support for the TDM. Plasma samples were processed by protein precipitation using acetonitrile, and analytes were separated on an Agilent Poroshell 120 SB-C18 (2.1 × 75 mm, 2.7 μm) column at 35°C. Acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water (52 : 48) were utilized as the mobile phases at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. In the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, nirmatrelvir and ritonavir were monitored using precursor/product ions: m/z 500.2/110.1 and 721.3/296.1, respectively, with selinexor as the internal standard. The linear range of both analytes was 2.0 ng/mL to 5000 ng/mL with good inter- and intraday precision and accuracy, and the recovery was 92.0%–107% for nirmatrelvir and 85.7%–106% for ritonavir. Finally, this method was successfully applied to monitor the exposure levels of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in plasma samples from hemodialysis patients.
{"title":"A Simple and Rapid LC-MS/MS Method for the Quantification of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir in Plasma of Patients with COVID-19","authors":"Xiujing Zhu, Lin Li, Bin Dai, Zhijun Liu, Zhipeng Wang, Lili Cui, Shouhong Gao, Wansheng Chen, Xia Tao, Deduo Xu","doi":"10.1155/2024/6139928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6139928","url":null,"abstract":"The combined prescriptions of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and other drugs are limited due to potential drug-drug interactions, so therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) becomes particularly important. In this study, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was established for determination of the nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in plasma of patients with COVID-19, providing technical and theoretical support for the TDM. Plasma samples were processed by protein precipitation using acetonitrile, and analytes were separated on an Agilent Poroshell 120 SB-C18 (2.1 × 75 mm, 2.7 <i>μ</i>m) column at 35°C. Acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water (52 : 48) were utilized as the mobile phases at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. In the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, nirmatrelvir and ritonavir were monitored using precursor/product ions: <i>m</i>/<i>z</i> 500.2/110.1 and 721.3/296.1, respectively, with selinexor as the internal standard. The linear range of both analytes was 2.0 ng/mL to 5000 ng/mL with good inter- and intraday precision and accuracy, and the recovery was 92.0%–107% for nirmatrelvir and 85.7%–106% for ritonavir. Finally, this method was successfully applied to monitor the exposure levels of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in plasma samples from hemodialysis patients.","PeriodicalId":13888,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140047584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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