International journal of clinical and experimental medicine最新文献

Chronic kidney diseases (CKD), a common pathway of various glomerular diseases, which carries great morbidity and mortality to people. CKD is characterized by progressive kidney fibrosis and remodeling. CKD is also associated with the depletion of glomerular and tubular cells. Autophagy is a highly conserved process that degrades cellular long-lived proteins and organelles. It plays an important role in both normal and disease states, including immunity, inflammation, and adaptation to stress. Evidence has indicated that impaired autophagic activity is involved in the development of CKD. Here, we review the progress in our understanding of the role of autophagy in the development and progression of CKD. Targeting the autophagic signaling pathways may be a therapeutic strategy for CKD.

Aims: To evaluate the incidence of dyslipidemia among Uygur and Han patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). To investigate the influence factors on LDL-c in this population.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 4709 participants, consisting of Uygurs patients (n=2053) and Han patients (n=2656) from Xinjiang province, who were screened for diabetes mellitus. A stratified multistage sampling design was used to collect the participants. The influence factors on LDL-c were analyzed by Logistic regression analysis.

Results: Among the IFG patients (n=1757), Uighur IFG group had a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia than that of Han IFG group, 99.8% vs. 63.7%, P<0.05. Similar trends were existed in the prevalence of hypercholesteremia, hypertriglyceridemia, high LDL-c and low HDL-c (all P<0.05). Among the Uighur groups, IFG group had higher dyslipidemia rate than that of euglycemia group (74%). However, there was no such difference in the Han groups. Logistic regression analysis revealed that risk factors associated with LDL-c were age, total cholesterol and 2 h postprandial blood glucose for the Uighur IFG patients. However, gender and total cholesterol were risk factors for Han IFG patients.

Conclusions: Uighur IFG patients had higher incidence of dyslipidemia than that of Han IFG patients. For Uyghur IFG patients, closing follow-up of total cholesterol and 2 h postprandial blood glucose were necessary. As to the Han IFG patients, we should pay more attention to male and total cholesterol in order to lower LDL-c levels. So, appropriately preventive and therapeutic measures should be chosen based on the characteristics of abnormal lipid profiles in different nationality.

Objectives: Congenital cataract is the common cause of world blindness. It is generally inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and has various phenotypes. This study aimed to explore the gene responsible for autosomal recessive congenital cataract in a Chinese family, and to investigate the functional and cellular consequences of the mutation.

Methods: A four-generation Chinese family with autosomal recessive congenital cataract was included in the study. A genome wide scan and linkage analysis were performed in the chromosomal region of Pituitary homeobox 3 (PITX3) to identify the linked region of the genome. And sequence analysis of PITX3 gene was also investigated using BigDye Terminator mix 3.0 and SeqScape Software 2.5.

Results: The genome wide scan and linkage analysis identified a disease-haplotype interva. The maximum logarithm of odds LOD score was (Zmax) 3.11 at marker D10S1693 (θmax=0.00), flanked by D10S1680 and D10S467, which included the PITX3 gene. Sequencing revealed a splice site mutation, G→A, at D10S1680 and D10S467, which co-segregated with all the affected members of this family.

Conclusions: The 543delG is a novel mutation in PITX3 causing an autosomal recessive congenital cataract.

Objective: Previous studies have shown that the Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) can be used to anti-cancer. However, the mechanism by which EGb761 mediate this effect is still unclear. In the present study, EGb761 inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in gastric cancer cell was explored.

Methods: The cell viability was detected by the CCK8 assay. The cell cycle and apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. The protein expression of caspase-3, p53 and Bcl-2 were analyzed by western blot.

Results: Treatment of human gastric cancer cells with EGb761 induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner by using CCK8 assay. Consistent with the CCK8 assay, the flow cytometry results showed that gastric cancer cells were accumulated in G0/G1 phase when exposed to EGb761. Furthermore, the proportion of apoptosis cells was increased after EGb761 treatment as compared to untreated group. In addition, our results showed that the treatment of AGS cells with EGb761 significantly increased the expression of caspase3 and p53, and decreased the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 level.

Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that EGb761 could inhibit gastric cancer proliferation through adjusting cell cycle and inducing cell apoptosis.

Objective: Hemorrhage still continues to be reported as one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity. Intraoperative estimation of the blood loss seems to be complex and misleading as it is impaired by the amount of amniotic fluid and blood from the placenta. The present study was aimed to investigate the safety of intraoperative deciding on an uneventful cesarean section in a low risk patient population.

Material and methods: One hundred patients free from hemorrhage risks and experienced an uneventful elective cesarean section, were included to the study. The decline in hemoglobin and hematocrit values, calculated blood loss, transfusion rate and presence of hemorrhage related symptoms and signs were accepted as the main outcomes of the study.

Results: The average preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin values were detected as 12.09±0.18 g/dl and 10.72±1.39 g/dl, respectively. The average decrease in hemoglobin was 1.36±1.06 g/dl. The observed decrease in hemoglobin values were less than 10% in 34.4% of the patients. The average blood loss was calculated to be 517.06±417.55 ml. There were no patients with signs and symptoms of hemorrhage. Cross match transfusion ratio, transfusion probability and transfusion index was calculated as zero.

Conclusion: The decision of uneventful cesarean section provides obstetricians a safe postoperative and postpartum period after following standardized surgical procedures in terms of hemorrhage and related complications.

Ginsenoside Rg2 is one of the major active components of ginseng and has many biological activities. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of ginsenoside Rg2 against H2O2-induced injury and apoptosis in H9c2 cells. The results showed that pretreatment with ginsenoside Rg2 not only increased cell viability, but also decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Ginsenoside Rg2 inhibited the decrease of SOD, GSH-PX activities and the increase of MDA content induced by H2O2. Meanwhile, the levels of ROS generation and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in ginsenoside Rg2 group significantly reduced when compared with the model group. Western blot analyses demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg2 up-regulate level of Bcl-2 expression and down-regulate levels of Bax, Caspase-3, -9 expression. These findings indicated that ginsenoside Rg2 could protect H9c2 cells against H2O2-induced injury through its actions of anti-oxidant and anti-apoptosis.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of FibroScan, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase ratio (AAR), aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis index based on the 4 factor (FIB-4) and their combinations on liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis B.

Methods: 406 hospitalized patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and cirrhosis in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively and collected patients clinical indicators, including liver stiffness (LS), AAR, APRI and FIB-4, and then compared the differences of these indicators between CHB group and hepatitis B with cirrhosis group. Receiver operating curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the differentiating capacity of these indicators on CHB and liver cirrhosis.

Results: Four indicators related to liver cirrhosis had a statistical significance between two groups (P < 0.01); the under ROC curve areas of LS, AAR, APRI and FIB-4 for differential diagnosis of CHB and liver cirrhosis were 0.866, 0.772, 0.632 and 0.885, respectively. The under ROC curve areas of LS, AAR, APRI and FIB-4 for differential diagnosis of liver cirrhosis at compensatory stage and de-compensatory stage were 0.627, 0.666, 0.795 and 0.820, respectively.

Conclusion: LS, AAR, APRI and FIB-4 were good indicators as clinical diagnosis and differential diagnosis on hepatitis B related cirrhosis.

So far it has been difficult to repair and reconstruct the composite tissue defects in knee. Saphenous artery flap has been widely used to repair complex wounds, but the design and clinical application of composite tissue flap at perforating branches of saphenous artery were not reported. In this research, we design a new composite tissue flap by carrying fascial flap in the medial gastrocnemius muscle with perforators flap in saphenous artery to repair and reconstruct the composite tissue defects in knee. By anatomic observation and analysis, we find that there exists blood-supply in netty form among saphenous arteries, medial artery below the knee, intermuscular branch in high-order position of posterior tibial artery and perforating branch in medial artery of calf. We chose saphenous artery as blood-supplying artery; utilized the netty blood-supplying mode in middle-up and medial part of shank; cut the composite tissue flap at perforating branches of saphenous artery with fascial flap carried in the medial gastrocnemius muscle; reconstructed the ligamentum patellae using medial head of gastrocnemius muscle and Achilles's tendon; and covered the wounds at front side of knee with flap. Composite tissues were survived completely, free from infection at wounds and exosmosis of joint fluid. Motion function of knee-joint proved satisfactory, and ambulatory function was recovered. There was no complication in donor site. Composite tissue flap at perforating branches of saphenous artery with fascial flap carried in the medial gastrocnemius muscle is one of the most ideal solutions for repairing the composite tissue defects at front side of knee joint.

The electromagnetic articulograph (EMA) is a device that can collect movement data by positioning sensors at multiple points, measuring displacements of the structure in real time, as well as the acoustics and mechanics of speech using a microphone connected to the measurement system. The aim of this study is to describe protocols for the generation, measurement and visualization of mandibular border and functional movements in the three spatial planes (frontal, sagittal and horizontal) using the EMA. The EMA has transmitter coils that determine magnetic fields to collect information about movements from sensors located on different structures (tongue, palate, mouth, incisors, skin, etc.) and in every direction in an area of 300 mm. After measurement with the EMA, the information is transferred to a computer and read with the Visartico software to visualize the recording of the mandibular movements registered by the EMA. The sensors placed in the space between the three axes XYZ are observed, and then the plots created from the mandibular movements included in the corresponding protocol can be visualized, enabling interpretation of these data. Four protocols for the obtaining of images of the opening and closing mandibular movements were defined and developed, as well as border movements in the frontal, sagittal and horizontal planes, managing to accurately reproduce Posselt's diagram and Gothic arch on the latter two axes. Measurements with the EMA will allow more exact data to be collected in relation to the mandibular clinical physiology and morphology, which will permit more accurate diagnoses and application of more precise and adjusted treatments in the future.