International journal of clinical and experimental medicine最新文献

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disease characterized by airflow obstruction that is usually progressive and not fully reversible. It is accompanied by the abnormal inflammatory response of lung to toxic particles or gas. Studies indicate that chronic inflammatory injuries of airway, pulmonary parenchyma and pulmonary vessels are the characteristic changes of COPD. Adhesion of inflammatory cells is the important link of pulmonary infection. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a glycoprotein involved in binding with mediated cells or with the extracellular matrix in the process called cell adhesion. IL-1β is an important inflammatory mediator as well as the promoter and critical inducer of cytokine cascade reaction. In this study, the rat model of COPD was established by smoking + intratracheal instillation of LPS (the experimental group). PaO2 and PaCO2 were measured. ICAM-1mRNA and IL-1βmRNA level in lung homogenate were detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR and were compared with those of the rats treated by smoke exposure (the control group) and the healthy rats (the blank group) in order to investigate the effect of ICAM-1 and IL-1β in lung injury of COPD. This study showed that the respiratory function of rats with COPD was decreased. PaO2 of rats in the experimental group, the control group and the blank group decreased successively, and the comparison between any two groups had significant difference. PaCO2 increased successively, and the comparison between any two groups had significant difference. Immunohistochemistry results showed that protein expression of ICAM-1 and IL-1β in lung tissues of rats in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group and the blank group, and the comparison between any two groups had significant difference. RT-PCR results showed that ICAM-1mRNA and IL-1βmRNA level of rats in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group and the blank group, and the comparison between any two groups had significant difference. This study indicated that the decreased respiratory function of rats with COPD was associated with the imbalance of inflammatory cascade and the up-regulation of ICAM-1mRNA and IL-1βmRNA in lung tissues and cells caused inflammatory injury and decreased respiratory function.

This study aimed to compare the effects of cabbage compression early breast care (CCEBC) and early breast care (EBC) on breast pain, breast hardness with general nursing breast care (GNBC) in primiparous women after cesarean birth. Sixty participants were divided to three groups including CCEBC, EBC and GNBC. Each group was treated with its intervention respectively more than 10 minutes before breast feeding from day two to day four after delivery. The primary outcomes were breast pain and breast hardness. Both CCEBC and EBC showed significantly lower pain level than GNBC at day 4 after delivery. There are significant differences of breast hardness among three groups. CCEBC group showed significantly lower breast hardness compared with EBC and GNBC. Neither core body temperature nor breast skin temperature was significantly different among the three groups. In conclusion, CCEBC may effective in relieving breast pain and breast hardness compared with EBC alone and GNBC in primiparous women after a cesarean birth.

Objectives: Both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hemodialysis (HD) are reported to elevate oxidative stress. Available evidence for oxidative stress is indirect measurement of oxidative stress as accumulation of byproducts by reactive oxygen species (ROS). We aimed to examine the effect of CKD and HD on ROS levels in circulating leukocytes and to compare those with conventional oxidative stress marker, F2-isoprostane, in HD patients.

Methods: Using flowcytometry techniques, ROS levels in circulating leukocytes can be directly measured in 16 HD patients and 12 healthy volunteers. We also measured circulating F2-isoprostanes levels in both groups.

Results: HD patients demonstrated a significant increase in serum levels of F2-isoprostanes. The direct measurement of ROS levels in leukocytes showed increase in HD patients compared to the control; 1.91-fold in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), 1.06-fold in lymphocytes, and 1.35-fold in monocytes. Significant difference between the two groups could be observed only in PMN. The ROS levels in all three fractions of leukocytes showed negative correlations with serum F2-isoprostane levels but the ROS levels only in PMN showed significant correlation (r(2) = 0.774, P = 0.001).

Conclusions: Our results indicate that direct measurement of the ROS levels in circulating leukocytes by flowcytometry is a useful method to examine oxidative stress during HD procedure. The ROS levels in circulating leukocytes showed negative correlation with serum F2-isoprostane levels.

Background: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health problem worldwide. Tenofovir monotherapy or tenofovir-based combination therapy have achieved promising results in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B patients who failed adefovir therapy.

Objective: The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of tenofovir monotherapy compared with tenofovir-based combination therapy for treatment of adefovir-experienced chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.

Methods: randomized and non-randomized control trials directly comparing tenofovir monotherapy and tenofovir-based combination therapy were searched in PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE database up to April 30, 2015. The data were analyzed with Review Manager (v.5.3).

Results: Seven articles (total of 478 patients) met entry criteria. The results found that the rates of undetectable hepatitis B virus DNA levels (64.7% vs. 68.5%, P = 0.58 for 24 weeks; 71.4% vs. 71.7%, P = 0.76 for 48 weeks; 71.6% vs. 73.0%, P = 0.92 for 96 weeks), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization (72.6% vs. 69.2%, P = 0.46 for 48 weeks; 72.8% vs. 75.0%, P = 0.74 for 96 weeks) and hepatitis Be antigen loss (5.0% vs. 0, P = 0.43 for 48 weeks; 16.5% vs. 12.5%, P = 0.43 for 96 weeks) were not significantly different between the TDF alone and the TDF-based group. Moreover, the rate of adverse reactions was also not significantly different between the 2 groups (P = 0.06 for 96 weeks).

Conclusions: TDF monotherapy and TDF-based combination therapy are similarly effective and safe in adefovir-experienced CHB patients after 48 weeks and 96 weeks of antiviral therapy. Nevertheless, large scale randomized control trials should be carried out to elucidate the long-term outcome of TDF treatment.

Cervical and mediastinal hemorrhaging caused by a spontaneous rupture of a parathyroid adenoma has been rarely reported. Herein, we report a case of a 52-year-old woman who experienced a sudden onset of cervical and mediastinal bleeding related to a parathyroid adenoma. The patient had a history of trauma to the left thorax with a fracture of two ribs. Ultrasonography and computer tomography revealed a nodule in the retrotracheal space and hematoma of the bilateral trachea and thorax. Laboratory examinations revealed significant hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and a high level of intact parathyroid hormone. Surgery was performed and a dark-red, soft tumor was found behind the trachea, which adhered to the surrounding tissues. The pathological diagnosis was a parathyroid adenoma with hemosiderin deposition and fibrosis.

Objective: To investigate the outcomes and prognostic factors for patients with coronary artery disease and low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF≤40%) undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting OPCAB).

Methods: From 2001 to 2004, 71 patients with low EF undergoing OPCABG in our hospital, the mean age is 65.0±9.0 years (from 37 to 81), 49 males and 16 females, the mean EF was 33.8±5.0%. Regular follow-up evaluation was completed. Draw the Kaplan-Meier survival curves, Use the log-rank test and Cox regression model to find out the factors that affect the long-term result.

Results: 71 low LVEF patients, 6 patients died perioperative, 63 patients discharged successfully, the follow-up time was 64.9±30.4 months. 6 patients lost of follow up, 19 patients died during follow-up including 10 patients (15.9%) who had cardiac-related death. The survival rate at 1, 3, 5 and 8 years was 95.1%, 93.3%, 86.3%, 77.7%, respectively. Univariate analysis shows EF≤30% and acute myocardial infarction within 30 days are risk factors for the long-term survival (P<0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that EF≤30% (RR=6.446, P<0.05) and acute myocardial infarction within 30 days (RR=5.993, P<0.05) are two independent risk factors for the cardiac-related death after discharge.

Conclusions: The patients with low eject fraction ventricular have satisfactory outcomes after OPCAB. LVEF≤30% and acute myocardial infarction within 30 days are two independent risk factors that affect the long-term outcome.

This study aimed to investigate the possible association between GSTP1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 polymorphisms and treatment outcome of advanced NSCLC. Between October 2009 and October 2011, a total of 308 patients of NSCLC on stage IIIA, IIIB or IV, treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy were included. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to genotype the GSTP1 and GSTM1, and GSTT1 polymorphisms. We found that the IIe/Val and Val/Val genotypes of GSTP1 showed more CR+PR to chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC when compared with IIe/IIe genotype, and the Ors (95% CI) were 0.37 (0.18-0.71) and 0.15 (0.07-0.38). The IIe/Val and Val/Val genotypes of GSTP1 were associated with longer overall survival of advanced NSCLC when compared with the IIe/IIe genotype (For IIe/Val vs IIe/IIe, 37.63 ± 2.01 months vs 30.25 ± 2.06 months; for Val/Val vs IIe/IIe, 39.84 ± 3.36 months vs 30.25 ± 2.06 months). In the Cox proportional hazards model, the IIe/Val and Val/Val genotypes significantly decreased risk of death from all causes in patients with advanced NSCLC, and the HRs (95% CIs) were 0.51 (0.28-0.94) and 0.35 (0.16-0.78), respectively. We found that the GSTP1 polymorphisms might affect the clinical outcome of patients with advanced NSCLC, and our results could help us to facilitate therapeutic decision for individualized therapy.

This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of Annona squamosa (A. squamosa) leaf aqueous extract against acetic acid induced colitis in rats with a trial to explore its use for the treatment of colon inflammation. Sprague Dawley rats weighing 180-200 g were used in this study. Treatment with A. squamosa extract at dose 300 mg/kg for 4 weeks counteracted acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis by a significant decrease (P<0.05) of colonic tissue of malondialdehyde (MDA) and significant increases of catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) compared to ulcerative colitis control group. Furthermore, induction of oxidative stress was observed in the colonic tissue through the levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) which significant increase in colonic tissue DNA by acetic acid. Moreover AA induced significant increase in serum interleukin-10 (IL10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor (TGF 1β), and C reactive protein (CRP) as compared to the control group. On the contrary, our results showed AA induced significant decrease of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and thyroid hormones triiodothyronin and thyroxin (T3 & T4) in installed group with AA as compared to control which significantly improved after treatment with A. squamosa leaf extract. Histopathological observation in our study confirmed the biochemical study. Thus, therapeutic method offer a sign to analyze further the effectiveness of A. squamosa as a unique agent for alleviating colitis.