Pub Date : 2018-09-17DOI: 10.14419/IJPT.V6I2.15309
I. Radwan, A. Orabi, Saber El-Hanbally, Hanaa A. Mabrouk
Gastrointestinal tract acts as a selective barrier for the broilers, however a wide range of factors associated with diet and infectious disease agents can negatively affect the delicate balance among the components of the chicken gut and, as a result, affect health status and production performance of birds in commercial poultry industries. Our investigation aimed to determine the incidence of the most common broilers chicken enteric pathogens as Salmonella, E.coli and C.perfringens and also measure efficacy of carvacrol oil on these pathogens. 250 internal organs were analyzed for enteric pathogens in (table 1, 2) which revealed high incidence of E.coli (n=18) followed with Salmonella (n=10) and C.perfringens (n=8).Serotyping of Salmonella isolates showed that the predominant serovars is S.Kentuky (n=3) then S.Typhimurium and S.Infants (n=2), while O114:K90 O78:K80 O25:K11 were the predominant E.coli serotypes (n=4) for each one. Antibiogram revealed that isolates were resistance to Cefotaxime, Amoxicillin, Doxycycline and Enrofloxacin. Results indicated that, MIC of most isolates lowered after 24hr exposure to 0.001% of carvacrol and the growth of tested isolates was inhibited at 0.1% carvacrol concentration.
{"title":"Efficacy of carvacrol oil against common broilers chickens enteric pathogens.","authors":"I. Radwan, A. Orabi, Saber El-Hanbally, Hanaa A. Mabrouk","doi":"10.14419/IJPT.V6I2.15309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJPT.V6I2.15309","url":null,"abstract":"Gastrointestinal tract acts as a selective barrier for the broilers, however a wide range of factors associated with diet and infectious disease agents can negatively affect the delicate balance among the components of the chicken gut and, as a result, affect health status and production performance of birds in commercial poultry industries. Our investigation aimed to determine the incidence of the most common broilers chicken enteric pathogens as Salmonella, E.coli and C.perfringens and also measure efficacy of carvacrol oil on these pathogens. 250 internal organs were analyzed for enteric pathogens in (table 1, 2) which revealed high incidence of E.coli (n=18) followed with Salmonella (n=10) and C.perfringens (n=8).Serotyping of Salmonella isolates showed that the predominant serovars is S.Kentuky (n=3) then S.Typhimurium and S.Infants (n=2), while O114:K90 O78:K80 O25:K11 were the predominant E.coli serotypes (n=4) for each one. Antibiogram revealed that isolates were resistance to Cefotaxime, Amoxicillin, Doxycycline and Enrofloxacin. Results indicated that, MIC of most isolates lowered after 24hr exposure to 0.001% of carvacrol and the growth of tested isolates was inhibited at 0.1% carvacrol concentration. ","PeriodicalId":13897,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy and toxicology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90855955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-23DOI: 10.14419/ijpt.v6i2.13578
Olawuni I J, Ndoni S A, Esada E E, Bamidele F S, Obuotor E M
Aging in humans generally is associated with deterioration of cognitive abilities, particularly of learning and memory leading to dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease. A number of herbal medicines are reported to improve brain function and intelligence. In the present study, the ameliorating effects of essential oil extracted from Piper nigrum and Monodora myristica on learning and memory in Scopolamine induced amnesic mice were determined using two cognitive behavioural paradigms: the Step-Through Passive Avoidance and Morris-Water Maze test. Essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation using a Clavenger-type apparatus and their profiles analyzed by GC-MS. Inhibitory effects on AChE and BuChE were investigated by Ellman’s method. The animals were assessed for performance by measuring the Step-Through Latency Time (SLT) and Escape Latency Time (ELT). Brain cholinesterase activities were assayed in brain tissues from the mice. The results showed that M. myristica and P. nigrum oils were characterized by 51 (94.76%) and 61 (90.65%) components, respectively. M. myristica is dominated by α-phellandrene (18.13%), while P. nigrum is dominated by β-pinene (5.92%) and caryophyllene (4.55%). Both oils at 416 µg/ml elicited significant inhibitory (p>0.05) activity with M. myristica exhibiting a stronger inhibition against AChE and BuChE than P. nigrum. This trend was also exhibited significantly (p>0.05) in both ELT and the SLT when compared to scopolamine-treated group. In conclusion, the seeds of M. myristica and P. nigrum are potential sources of active metabolites with anti-cholinesterase and cognition enhancing properties, but M. myristica exhibited a higher activity.
{"title":"In Vitro Anti-cholinesterase and Cognitive Enhancing Properties of Essential Oils from Piper nigrum L. and Monodora myristica (Gaertn) Dunal","authors":"Olawuni I J, Ndoni S A, Esada E E, Bamidele F S, Obuotor E M","doi":"10.14419/ijpt.v6i2.13578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijpt.v6i2.13578","url":null,"abstract":"Aging in humans generally is associated with deterioration of cognitive abilities, particularly of learning and memory leading to dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease. A number of herbal medicines are reported to improve brain function and intelligence. In the present study, the ameliorating effects of essential oil extracted from Piper nigrum and Monodora myristica on learning and memory in Scopolamine induced amnesic mice were determined using two cognitive behavioural paradigms: the Step-Through Passive Avoidance and Morris-Water Maze test. Essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation using a Clavenger-type apparatus and their profiles analyzed by GC-MS. Inhibitory effects on AChE and BuChE were investigated by Ellman’s method. The animals were assessed for performance by measuring the Step-Through Latency Time (SLT) and Escape Latency Time (ELT). Brain cholinesterase activities were assayed in brain tissues from the mice. The results showed that M. myristica and P. nigrum oils were characterized by 51 (94.76%) and 61 (90.65%) components, respectively. M. myristica is dominated by α-phellandrene (18.13%), while P. nigrum is dominated by β-pinene (5.92%) and caryophyllene (4.55%). Both oils at 416 µg/ml elicited significant inhibitory (p>0.05) activity with M. myristica exhibiting a stronger inhibition against AChE and BuChE than P. nigrum. This trend was also exhibited significantly (p>0.05) in both ELT and the SLT when compared to scopolamine-treated group. In conclusion, the seeds of M. myristica and P. nigrum are potential sources of active metabolites with anti-cholinesterase and cognition enhancing properties, but M. myristica exhibited a higher activity. ","PeriodicalId":13897,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy and toxicology","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84067073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-14DOI: 10.14419/ijpt.v6i2.11819
R. Jamal, D. Suresh, S. Khalid
The present study was carried out to evaluate the drug interaction between an antihyperglycemic agent and anticancerous drug,In healthy and Dexamethasone induced diabetic rats. The blood samples were collected up to 24 h and blood glucose level was estimated. In healthy albino rats Pretreatment with Temsirolimus (6.75 mg/kg for seven days) has significantly altered the onset of hypoglycemia (15.50+1.47 to21.40±.54), p< 0.001 at the 2nd hour significantly enhanced the peak hypoglycemia (29.70+.60 %) before treatment to (44.47+1.21 %) after treatment(p<0.001) at 4th hour (i.e. 18.71±.38 to 20.43±.89, p<0.001 induced by Sitagliptin. Whereas in Dexamethasone treated rats, pretreatment with Temsirolimus (6.75 mg/kg) for 7 days has decreased the onset of hypoglycemia, significantly enhanced the peak hypoglycemia (24.13+.6417%) before treatment to (45.62+2.845 %) after treatment(P<.001) at the 8th hour. This study indicates that therapeutic drug monitoring has been required for therapeutic doses of temsirolimus and antidiabetic drugs when used concomitantly.Highlights 1) Influence of Temsirolimus on hypoglycemic activity of Sitagliptin in healthy rats.2) Influence of Temsirolimus on hypoglycemic activity of Sitagliptin in Dexamethasone induced hyperglycemic rats.3) To suggest the alteration in the dose and frequency of administration of Oral antidiabetic agents when they are used along with Temsirolimus.Abbreviations P.o.- per os ‘by mouth’, DM-Diabetes mellitus,GOD-Glucose oxidase (GOD), POD- Peroxidase (POD).
{"title":"Influence of temsirolimus on antidiabetic effect of sitagliptin in experimental animal","authors":"R. Jamal, D. Suresh, S. Khalid","doi":"10.14419/ijpt.v6i2.11819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijpt.v6i2.11819","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out to evaluate the drug interaction between an antihyperglycemic agent and anticancerous drug,In healthy and Dexamethasone induced diabetic rats. The blood samples were collected up to 24 h and blood glucose level was estimated. In healthy albino rats Pretreatment with Temsirolimus (6.75 mg/kg for seven days) has significantly altered the onset of hypoglycemia (15.50+1.47 to21.40±.54), p< 0.001 at the 2nd hour significantly enhanced the peak hypoglycemia (29.70+.60 %) before treatment to (44.47+1.21 %) after treatment(p<0.001) at 4th hour (i.e. 18.71±.38 to 20.43±.89, p<0.001 induced by Sitagliptin. Whereas in Dexamethasone treated rats, pretreatment with Temsirolimus (6.75 mg/kg) for 7 days has decreased the onset of hypoglycemia, significantly enhanced the peak hypoglycemia (24.13+.6417%) before treatment to (45.62+2.845 %) after treatment(P<.001) at the 8th hour. This study indicates that therapeutic drug monitoring has been required for therapeutic doses of temsirolimus and antidiabetic drugs when used concomitantly.Highlights 1) Influence of Temsirolimus on hypoglycemic activity of Sitagliptin in healthy rats.2) Influence of Temsirolimus on hypoglycemic activity of Sitagliptin in Dexamethasone induced hyperglycemic rats.3) To suggest the alteration in the dose and frequency of administration of Oral antidiabetic agents when they are used along with Temsirolimus.Abbreviations P.o.- per os ‘by mouth’, DM-Diabetes mellitus,GOD-Glucose oxidase (GOD), POD- Peroxidase (POD). ","PeriodicalId":13897,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy and toxicology","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73454198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-05DOI: 10.14419/IJPT.V6I1.11709
A. Elkomy, Asmaa M. Kandeil, M. Abo-Salem, W. Hassan, M. Aboubakr, A. Elhemiely
This study was designed to evaluate the potential risks of the Azithromycin administration on fetuses. Therefore pregnant rats were received Azithromycin orally (90 and 180 mg/kg b.wt, daily) from sixth day until the fifteenth day of gestation. At 20th day of gestation female sacrificed; abortion, fetal resorptions, visceral examination, skeletal examination, Oxidative stress markers and histopathological examination for fetuses were recorded. Azithromycin caused abortion, fetal resorptions, growth retardation, hematoma and paralysis of limbs. Also caused cerebral dilatation, microcephaly, perforation of hard palate and hemorrhage around internal organs. By skeletal examination; weak and incomplete ossification were observed in bones .Biochemical studies showed that Azithromycin administration resulted in decreased glutathione reduced but increased malonaldahyde compared to control groups. Fetal kidney revealed degeneration and necrosis in the tubular lining epithelium and fibrosis in between the atrophied renal tubules. This study supports and proofs the potential risks of the azithromycin administration on fetuses.
{"title":"Effect of azithromycin on fetal development in rats","authors":"A. Elkomy, Asmaa M. Kandeil, M. Abo-Salem, W. Hassan, M. Aboubakr, A. Elhemiely","doi":"10.14419/IJPT.V6I1.11709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJPT.V6I1.11709","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to evaluate the potential risks of the Azithromycin administration on fetuses. Therefore pregnant rats were received Azithromycin orally (90 and 180 mg/kg b.wt, daily) from sixth day until the fifteenth day of gestation. At 20th day of gestation female sacrificed; abortion, fetal resorptions, visceral examination, skeletal examination, Oxidative stress markers and histopathological examination for fetuses were recorded. Azithromycin caused abortion, fetal resorptions, growth retardation, hematoma and paralysis of limbs. Also caused cerebral dilatation, microcephaly, perforation of hard palate and hemorrhage around internal organs. By skeletal examination; weak and incomplete ossification were observed in bones .Biochemical studies showed that Azithromycin administration resulted in decreased glutathione reduced but increased malonaldahyde compared to control groups. Fetal kidney revealed degeneration and necrosis in the tubular lining epithelium and fibrosis in between the atrophied renal tubules. This study supports and proofs the potential risks of the azithromycin administration on fetuses. ","PeriodicalId":13897,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy and toxicology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72707275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-05DOI: 10.14419/ijpt.v6i1.10972
A. Elkomy, M. Aboubakr, Samar S Ibrahim, Y. Abdelhamid
This study aimed to investigate the possible protective role of clove oil against acrylamide induced oxidative damage and impairment of liver, kidney, and testicular functions in albino rats. The apparent oxidative damage was associated with evident hepatic, renal, and testicular dysfunction, which was confirmed in histopathological lesions, and increased serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities. Acrylamide decreased serum total protein and albumin contents; increased urea and creatinine contents. Acrylamide also reduced testosterone concentration. Treatment of acrylamide intoxicated rats with clove oil minimized liver, kidney, and testicular histopathological changes and normalized their functions. Our findings demonstrate that acrylamide is not only associated with hepatotoxicity but also nephrotoxicity and testicular toxicity. Clove oil administration provided substantial organ protection against hepatic, renal, and testicular dysfunction induced by acrylamide, which was possibly mediated through their antioxidant activities.
{"title":"Protective effects of Syzygium aromaticum oil (Clove) against acrylamide induced hepatic, renal, and testicular toxicity in rats","authors":"A. Elkomy, M. Aboubakr, Samar S Ibrahim, Y. Abdelhamid","doi":"10.14419/ijpt.v6i1.10972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijpt.v6i1.10972","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the possible protective role of clove oil against acrylamide induced oxidative damage and impairment of liver, kidney, and testicular functions in albino rats. The apparent oxidative damage was associated with evident hepatic, renal, and testicular dysfunction, which was confirmed in histopathological lesions, and increased serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities. Acrylamide decreased serum total protein and albumin contents; increased urea and creatinine contents. Acrylamide also reduced testosterone concentration. Treatment of acrylamide intoxicated rats with clove oil minimized liver, kidney, and testicular histopathological changes and normalized their functions. Our findings demonstrate that acrylamide is not only associated with hepatotoxicity but also nephrotoxicity and testicular toxicity. Clove oil administration provided substantial organ protection against hepatic, renal, and testicular dysfunction induced by acrylamide, which was possibly mediated through their antioxidant activities. ","PeriodicalId":13897,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy and toxicology","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79212635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1990-12-01DOI: 10.1097/00132586-199012000-00025
E. Zsigmond, S. Raza, A. R. Vasireddy, E. Barabás
Although diazepam has been shown to reduce the stress response, the protective effect of midazolam, a newer benzodiazepine from a stressful event, tracheal intubation, has not been studied as yet by catecholamine assays in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery, who also receive intravenous sufentanil as a component of the neuroleptanalgesic technique. Therefore, we evaluated the influence of midazolam in combination with sufentanil on the plasma free catecholamines before and after midazolam, after sufentanil and pancuronium and before and after intubation in 15 adult patients undergoing coronary artery surgery. After routine premedication, midazolam 0.14 +/- 0.01 mg.kg-1 i.v. was given over 1 min followed 5 min later by sufentanil in incremental i.v. doses of 1.5 micrograms.kg-1 to a total pre-intubation dose of 4.0-5.0 micrograms.kg-1 injected in 10 min. The incremental doses of sufentanil were given when a greater than 15 per cent increase in rate-pressure product occurred. One min after the initial dose of sufentanil, pancuronium 0.1 mg.kg-1 i.v. was given to provide muscle relaxation. Midazolam administration per se caused a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressures with a concomitant reduction in systemic vascular resistance. Sufentanil reduced the left ventricular stroke-work index. Tracheal intubation, a strong stressor during anesthesia, elicited no increase in catecholamines and/or adverse hemodynamic responses in contrast to a marked increase in plasma catecholamines routinely observed in patients anesthetized by the commonly used technique of intravenous barbiturates in combination with succinylcholine.
{"title":"Protection from stress of tracheal intubation with midazolam-sufentanil neuroleptanalgesia.","authors":"E. Zsigmond, S. Raza, A. R. Vasireddy, E. Barabás","doi":"10.1097/00132586-199012000-00025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00132586-199012000-00025","url":null,"abstract":"Although diazepam has been shown to reduce the stress response, the protective effect of midazolam, a newer benzodiazepine from a stressful event, tracheal intubation, has not been studied as yet by catecholamine assays in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery, who also receive intravenous sufentanil as a component of the neuroleptanalgesic technique. Therefore, we evaluated the influence of midazolam in combination with sufentanil on the plasma free catecholamines before and after midazolam, after sufentanil and pancuronium and before and after intubation in 15 adult patients undergoing coronary artery surgery. After routine premedication, midazolam 0.14 +/- 0.01 mg.kg-1 i.v. was given over 1 min followed 5 min later by sufentanil in incremental i.v. doses of 1.5 micrograms.kg-1 to a total pre-intubation dose of 4.0-5.0 micrograms.kg-1 injected in 10 min. The incremental doses of sufentanil were given when a greater than 15 per cent increase in rate-pressure product occurred. One min after the initial dose of sufentanil, pancuronium 0.1 mg.kg-1 i.v. was given to provide muscle relaxation. Midazolam administration per se caused a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressures with a concomitant reduction in systemic vascular resistance. Sufentanil reduced the left ventricular stroke-work index. Tracheal intubation, a strong stressor during anesthesia, elicited no increase in catecholamines and/or adverse hemodynamic responses in contrast to a marked increase in plasma catecholamines routinely observed in patients anesthetized by the commonly used technique of intravenous barbiturates in combination with succinylcholine.","PeriodicalId":13897,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy and toxicology","volume":"41 1","pages":"2-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86958309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1989-04-01DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5347(17)41160-8
F. Deger, J. Douchamps, E. Freschi, J. Thys, P. Néve, A. Herchuelz
{"title":"Aztreonam in the treatment of serious gram-negative infections in the elderly.","authors":"F. Deger, J. Douchamps, E. Freschi, J. Thys, P. Néve, A. Herchuelz","doi":"10.1016/S0022-5347(17)41160-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)41160-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13897,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy and toxicology","volume":"10 2 1","pages":"22-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79672794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-07-01DOI: 10.1016/s0021-5198(19)53652-6
T. Shibuya, K. Sato, B. Salafsky
{"title":"Simultaneous measurement of biogenic amines and related compounds by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).","authors":"T. Shibuya, K. Sato, B. Salafsky","doi":"10.1016/s0021-5198(19)53652-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-5198(19)53652-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13897,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy and toxicology","volume":"32 1","pages":"297-301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81296417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-05-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-68690-0_34
L. Versichelen, P. Bilsback, G. Rolly, M. Merlo, L. Joubert
{"title":"Etodolac in postsurgical pain: a double-blind dose-ranging efficacy study with aspirin and placebo.","authors":"L. Versichelen, P. Bilsback, G. Rolly, M. Merlo, L. Joubert","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-68690-0_34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68690-0_34","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13897,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy and toxicology","volume":"10 1","pages":"236-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84188728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1982-04-01DOI: 10.1097/00132586-198304000-00055
J. Kanto, A. Pakkanen, L. Kangas, T. Leppänen
By random allocation 41 patients received 1 mg flunitrazepam orally the night before operation and 1 mg on the morning of operation (group 1), and another 41 received 100 mg pentobarbital orally the night before operation, followed by intramuscular scopolamine (0.006 mg/kg) + morphine (0.02 mg/kg) on the morning of operation (group 2). All patients received 0.5 mg atropine intravenously just before the induction of anesthesia. The patients in group 2 were better sedated and had less salivary secretion than those in group 1, but otherwise both were comparable. In group 2 the induction requirements of thiopentone were significantly decreased in comparison with group 1, again indicating a more potent sedative effect. Because even in the total scoring of the results there was no significant difference between the two groups, the easy oral route of administration of flunitrazepam offers a clinically relevant alternative to the conventional premedication. In some of these E.N.T. patients who received flunitrazepam, intravenous atropine given just before the induction of anesthesia was unable to prevent salivary secretion. Oral benzodiazepine derivatives (flunitrazepam) appear to be useful before surgery as the old type of premedication (oral pentobarbital + i.m. scopolamine and morphine).
{"title":"Comparison of old and new types of premedications.","authors":"J. Kanto, A. Pakkanen, L. Kangas, T. Leppänen","doi":"10.1097/00132586-198304000-00055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00132586-198304000-00055","url":null,"abstract":"By random allocation 41 patients received 1 mg flunitrazepam orally the night before operation and 1 mg on the morning of operation (group 1), and another 41 received 100 mg pentobarbital orally the night before operation, followed by intramuscular scopolamine (0.006 mg/kg) + morphine (0.02 mg/kg) on the morning of operation (group 2). All patients received 0.5 mg atropine intravenously just before the induction of anesthesia. The patients in group 2 were better sedated and had less salivary secretion than those in group 1, but otherwise both were comparable. In group 2 the induction requirements of thiopentone were significantly decreased in comparison with group 1, again indicating a more potent sedative effect. Because even in the total scoring of the results there was no significant difference between the two groups, the easy oral route of administration of flunitrazepam offers a clinically relevant alternative to the conventional premedication. In some of these E.N.T. patients who received flunitrazepam, intravenous atropine given just before the induction of anesthesia was unable to prevent salivary secretion. Oral benzodiazepine derivatives (flunitrazepam) appear to be useful before surgery as the old type of premedication (oral pentobarbital + i.m. scopolamine and morphine).","PeriodicalId":13897,"journal":{"name":"International journal of clinical pharmacology, therapy and toxicology","volume":"121 1","pages":"187-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1982-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78171981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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