Pub Date : 1998-04-30DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-53947-6_48
V. Borkar, Sanjay Jain, G. Rangarajan
{"title":"Collective Behaviour and Diversity in Economic Communities: Some Insights from an Evolutionary Game","authors":"V. Borkar, Sanjay Jain, G. Rangarajan","doi":"10.1007/978-4-431-53947-6_48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-53947-6_48","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":139082,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130754801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-07-31DOI: 10.1017/cbo9780511526213.012
Grant Lythe
A parabolic stochastic PDE is studied analytically and numerically, when a bifurcation parameter is slowly increased through its critical value. The aim is to understand the effect of noise on delayed bifurcations in systems with spatial degrees of freedom. Realisations of the nonautonomous stochastic PDE remain near the unstable configuration for a long time after the bifurcation parameter passes through its critical value, then jump to a new configuration. The effect of the nonlinearity is to freeze in the spatial structure formed from the noise near the critical value.
{"title":"Noise and dynamic transitions","authors":"Grant Lythe","doi":"10.1017/cbo9780511526213.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511526213.012","url":null,"abstract":"A parabolic stochastic PDE is studied analytically and numerically, when a bifurcation parameter is slowly increased through its critical value. The aim is to understand the effect of noise on delayed bifurcations in systems with spatial degrees of freedom. Realisations of the nonautonomous stochastic PDE remain near the unstable configuration for a long time after the bifurcation parameter passes through its critical value, then jump to a new configuration. The effect of the nonlinearity is to freeze in the spatial structure formed from the noise near the critical value.","PeriodicalId":139082,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131405064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-05-14DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-9153-9_9
N. Boccara, H. Fuks
{"title":"MODELING DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS WITH PROBABILISTIC CELLULAR AUTOMATA","authors":"N. Boccara, H. Fuks","doi":"10.1007/978-94-015-9153-9_9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9153-9_9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":139082,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117267015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present a general conceptual framework for self-organized criticality (SOC), based on the recognition that it is nothing but the expression, ''unfolded'' in a suitable parameter space, of an underlying {em unstable} dynamical critical point. More precisely, SOC is shown to result from the tuning of the {em order parameter} to a vanishingly small, but {em positive} value, thus ensuring that the corresponding control parameter lies exactly at its critical value for the underlying transition. This clarifies the role and nature of the {em very slow driving rate} common to all systems exhibiting SOC. This mechanism is shown to apply to models of sandpiles, earthquakes, depinning, fractal growth and forest-fires, which have been proposed as examples of SOC.
{"title":"Mapping Self-Organized Criticality onto Criticality","authors":"D. Sornette, A. Johansen, I. Dornic","doi":"10.1051/jp1:1995129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1051/jp1:1995129","url":null,"abstract":"We present a general conceptual framework for self-organized criticality (SOC), based on the recognition that it is nothing but the expression, ''unfolded'' in a suitable parameter space, of an underlying {em unstable} dynamical critical point. More precisely, SOC is shown to result from the tuning of the {em order parameter} to a vanishingly small, but {em positive} value, thus ensuring that the corresponding control parameter lies exactly at its critical value for the underlying transition. This clarifies the role and nature of the {em very slow driving rate} common to all systems exhibiting SOC. This mechanism is shown to apply to models of sandpiles, earthquakes, depinning, fractal growth and forest-fires, which have been proposed as examples of SOC.","PeriodicalId":139082,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132573139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After presenting possible motives for fighting against the second law of thermodynamics, several attempts to beat this law are analyzed. The second law wins, but an interesting interpretation of it emerges. This interpretation uses the notion of ``encoded order'' and claims that whether a system is or is not in thermodynamic equilibrium depends on the coordinates which the observer decides to measure. This interpretation may not be new, but most present day physicists seem to be unaware of it. The question of subjectivity of entropy and the connection between the present interpretation and ``algorithmic randomness'' are addressed. Key words: Maxwell's demon, perpetuum mobile, subjectivity, entropy, H-theorem, randomness, complexity, information.
{"title":"The Fight Against the Second Law of Thermodynamics","authors":"J. Berger","doi":"10.4006/1.3029145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4006/1.3029145","url":null,"abstract":"After presenting possible motives for fighting against the second law of thermodynamics, several attempts to beat this law are analyzed. The second law wins, but an interesting interpretation of it emerges. This interpretation uses the notion of ``encoded order'' and claims that whether a system is or is not in thermodynamic equilibrium depends on the coordinates which the observer decides to measure. This interpretation may not be new, but most present day physicists seem to be unaware of it. The question of subjectivity of entropy and the connection between the present interpretation and ``algorithmic randomness'' are addressed. \u0000Key words: Maxwell's demon, perpetuum mobile, subjectivity, entropy, H-theorem, randomness, complexity, information.","PeriodicalId":139082,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125783695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-09-01DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/1428.003.0026
K. Nagel, S. Rasmussen
We use a very simple description of human driving behavior to simulate traffic. The regime of maximum vehicle flow in a closed system shows near-critical behavior, and as a result a sharp decrease of the predictability of travel time. Since Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMSs) tend to drive larger parts of the transportation system towards this regime of maximum flow, we argue that in consequence the traffic system as a whole will be driven closer to criticality, thus making predictions much harder. A simulation of simplified transportation network supports our argument.
{"title":"TRAFFIC AT THE EDGE OF CHAOS","authors":"K. Nagel, S. Rasmussen","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/1428.003.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/1428.003.0026","url":null,"abstract":"We use a very simple description of human driving behavior to simulate traffic. The regime of maximum vehicle flow in a closed system shows near-critical behavior, and as a result a sharp decrease of the predictability of travel time. Since Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMSs) tend to drive larger parts of the transportation system towards this regime of maximum flow, we argue that in consequence the traffic system as a whole will be driven closer to criticality, thus making predictions much harder. A simulation of simplified transportation network supports our argument.","PeriodicalId":139082,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133515155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-05-16DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/1428.003.0049
C. Adami, Titus Brown, W. K. Kellogg, Radiation Lab
We present a new tierra-inspired artificial life system with local interactions and two-dimensional geometry, based on an update mechanism akin to that of 2D cellular automata. We find that the spatial geometry is conducive to the development of diversity and thus improves adaptive capabilities. We also demonstrate the adaptive strength of the system by breeding cells with simple computational abilities, and study the dependence of this adaptability on mutation rate and population size.
{"title":"Evolutionary Learning in the 2D Artificial Life System \"Avida\"","authors":"C. Adami, Titus Brown, W. K. Kellogg, Radiation Lab","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/1428.003.0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/1428.003.0049","url":null,"abstract":"We present a new tierra-inspired artificial life system with local interactions and two-dimensional geometry, based on an update mechanism akin to that of 2D cellular automata. We find that the spatial geometry is conducive to the development of diversity and thus improves adaptive capabilities. We also demonstrate the adaptive strength of the system by breeding cells with simple computational abilities, and study the dependence of this adaptability on mutation rate and population size.","PeriodicalId":139082,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126284666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-05-16DOI: 10.7551/mitpress/1428.003.0030
C. Adami
We present a theoretical as well as experimental investigation of a population of self-replicating segments of code subject to random mutation and survival of the fittest. Under the assumption that such a system constitutes a minimal system with characteristics of life, we obtain a number of statements on the evolution of complexity and the trade-off between entropy and information.
{"title":"On Modelling Life","authors":"C. Adami","doi":"10.7551/mitpress/1428.003.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/1428.003.0030","url":null,"abstract":"We present a theoretical as well as experimental investigation of a population of self-replicating segments of code subject to random mutation and survival of the fittest. Under the assumption that such a system constitutes a minimal system with characteristics of life, we obtain a number of statements on the evolution of complexity and the trade-off between entropy and information.","PeriodicalId":139082,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127009152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work we compare the spectral properties of the daily medium temperature fluctuations with the experimental results of the Chicago Group, in which the local temperature fluctuations were measured in a helium cell. The results suggest that the dynamics of the daily temperature fluctuations is determined by the soft turbulent state of the atmospheric boundary layer, which state is significantly different from low dimensional chaos.
{"title":"Soft turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer","authors":"Imre M. J'anosi, G. Vattay","doi":"10.1063/1.44611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.44611","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we compare the spectral properties of the daily medium temperature fluctuations with the experimental results of the Chicago Group, in which the local temperature fluctuations were measured in a helium cell. The results suggest that the dynamics of the daily temperature fluctuations is determined by the soft turbulent state of the atmospheric boundary layer, which state is significantly different from low dimensional chaos.","PeriodicalId":139082,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems","volume":"33 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116172673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-06-14DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/26/19/001
S. A. Janowsky, C. Laberge
We introduce a model for a sandpile, with N sites, critical height N and each site connected to every other site. It is thus a mean-field model in the spin-glass sense. We find an exact solution for the steady state probability distribution of avalanche sizes, and discuss its asymptotics for large N.
{"title":"Exact solutions for a mean-field Abelian sandpile","authors":"S. A. Janowsky, C. Laberge","doi":"10.1088/0305-4470/26/19/001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/26/19/001","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce a model for a sandpile, with N sites, critical height N and each site connected to every other site. It is thus a mean-field model in the spin-glass sense. We find an exact solution for the steady state probability distribution of avalanche sizes, and discuss its asymptotics for large N.","PeriodicalId":139082,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130226760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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