International journal of clinical and experimental pathology最新文献

Targeted therapies are effective in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with driver gene mutations. Chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy is also a common treatment strategy in lung cancer. However, in previous studies, patients with ALK (Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase) rearranged had a low response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) and the role of immunotherapy in ALK-positive NSCLC patients is unclear. Here, we report a case of a young man with ALK rearranged who demonstrated a complete response to anti-PD1 combination with chemotherapy, which suggests some ALK-rearranged patients with high expression of PD-L1 may permanently benefit from immunotherapy.

Objective: Ischemic stroke (IS) is a major public health concern worldwide. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between ABCB1 gene polymorphisms and antiplatelet resistance in patients with IS.

Methods: We performed a comprehensive search of the PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science, and WANFANG databases for articles published until February 2024. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to measure the association between ABCB1 polymorphisms and antiplatelet resistance in patients with IS. All the statistical analyses were performed using STATA version 11.0.

Results: Eleven studies containing 2,228 cases and 2,556 controls met the inclusion criteria. Our results showed that aspirin resistance in patients with IS was significantly correlated with the polymorphism of ABCB1 rs1045642 (Allele model: OR=1.5, 95% CI [1.10, 2.05], P=0.010; Homozygote model: OR=2.02, 95% CI [1.01, 4.05], P=0.047; Heterozygote model: OR=1.37, 95% CI [0.91, 2.08], P=0.132; Dominant model: OR=1.75, 95% CI [1.09, 2.81], P=0.021; Recessive model: OR=1.61, 95% CI [1.01, 2.57], P=0.045). Meanwhile, we found that ABCB1 rs1045642 polymorphism might be significantly associated with clopidogrel resistance in IS (A. Homozygote model: OR=3.35, 95% CI [1.99, 5.63], P=0.000; B. Heterozygote model: OR=0.81, 95% CI [0.54, 1.21], P=0.895; C. Dominant model: OR=1.41, 95% CI [0.59, 3.36], P=0.435; D. Recessive model: OR=3.43, 95% CI [2.14, 5.51], P=0.000).

Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggests a potential link between ABCB1 rs1045642 polymorphism and resistance to clopidogrel or aspirin in patients with IS.

[This corrects the article on p. 1453 in vol. 11, PMID: 31938243.].

Female adnexal tumor of probable Wolffian origin (FATWO) is a rare gynecologic tumor. We describe a case of 53-year-old female patient in whom an adnexal mass was found. Microscopic examination revealed that the tumor arose in the adnexal soft tissue, composed of bland cells with an admixture of solid and sieve-like patterning, while presenting a high mitotic activity. Tumor cells were positive for Vimentin, CD10, and hormone receptors, while showing variable expression for sex cord-stromal markers, and was negative for GATA binding protein 3 (GATA-3), and thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1). The definitive diagnosis was FATWO. Subsequently, we conducted next-generation sequencing (NGS) in this case, and a CTNNB1 (c.98C>G, p.S33C) mutation was detected. The patient underwent tumor resection, hysterectomy, and bilateral adnexectomy, followed by annual computed tomography scans for monitoring. No evidence of recurrence or metastasis was observed at the 2-year postoperative follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fourth study having performed NGS on a FATWO. To further elucidate this rare neoplasm and improve the accuracy of diagnosis, we conducted a comparative analysis of the clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of our case with those previously reported in the literature, subsequently discussing the differential diagnosis.

[This corrects the article on p. 2818 in vol. 7, PMID: 25031701.].

Objective: Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly prevalent malignancy, yet its early diagnosis rate is generally low. Therefore, we have established a serum-based combined detection method based on tumor autoantibodies aimed at improving the diagnostic rate of gastric cancer.

Methods: Through clinical studies, we selected a series of proteins aberrantly expressed in gastric cancer patients, including RalA, Survivin, NY-ESO-1, p53, Cyclin B1, and Koc, and expressed and purified them using prokaryotic expression and nickel column chromatography.

Results: The levels of autoantibodies in the serum of gastric cancer patients and healthy individuals were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the diagnostic value of the combined detection of tumor autoantibodies for gastric cancer was evaluated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The levels of autoantibodies against RalA, Survivin, NY-ESO-1, p53, and Cyclin B1 in the serum of gastric cancer patients were significantly higher than those in healthy individuals (P < 0.05), while the level of Koc showed no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05), suggesting that Koc may not be suitable for serological diagnosis of gastric cancer. ROC analysis of the combined levels of autoantibodies against RalA, Survivin, NY-ESO-1, p53, and Cyclin B1 for gastric cancer diagnosis achieved a sensitivity of 73.68% and specificity of 78.13%, with an AUC value of 0.8767.

Conclusion: The combined tumor autoantibody detection established in this study may have promising potential applications in early screening and diagnosis of gastric cancer.

Objective: To determine circulating levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in the peripheral blood of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to explore their relationship with clinicopathologic features and prognosis, in order to facilitate treatment.

Methods: 160 OSCC patients and 51 control subjects were prospectively recruited, and serum HIF-1α, VEGF, and uPA levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Preoperative threshold values of HIF-1α, VEGF, and uPA were determined by ROC curves. Kaplan-Meier curves were analyzed for overall survival and progression-free survival of patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox risk regression analyzed prognostic factors.

Results: Serum HIF-1α, VEGF, and uPA were higher in OSCC patients compared to control subjects (P < 0.001). Critical values of HIF-1α, VEGF, and uPA were 99.8 pg/mL, 130.4 pg/mL, and 142.9 pg/mL, respectively. Serum levels of HIF-1α, VEGF, and uPA were associated with the overall pathologic status (TNM staging), neural invasion, extranodal extension, lymphovascular invasion, depth of invasion, and degree of cellular differentiation (P < 0.05). Patients with higher serum HIF-1α, VEGF, and uPA levels had poorer overall survival and shorter progression-free survival. Higher-than-threshold serum HIF-1α, VEGF, and uPA were independent prognostic factors for overall survival (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.006) of and progression-free survival (P < 0.012, P < 0.001, P = 0.010).

Conclusion: Higher circulating levels of HIF-1α, VEGF, and uPA were associated with clinicopathologic correlations of lymph nodes, metastasis, and were independent risk factors for survival and progression-free survival.

Objectives: Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate in cruciferous plants, has been reported to be effective in treating central nervous system diseases. However, how SFN protects the central nervous system needs further study. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of SFN and its possible mechanism of action.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were used to develop a cognitive impairment model. The Morris water maze (MWM) was used to evaluate the effect of SFN on learning and memory, and haematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and terminal transferase deoxyuridine nick-end labelling (TUNEL) were used to observe morphologic changes in neurons and neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus and cortex. An oxidative stress marker kit was used to detect the content and activity of SFN, and the expressions of nuclear factor drythroid-2 related Factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1) were measured by RT-PCR.

Results: SFN treatment significantly improved cognition, increased the number of neurons, and suppressed neuronal apoptosis. In addition, SFN significantly decreased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and enhanced the antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the hippocampus and cortex. Furthermore, SFN elevated the expression of Nrf-2, HO-1, and NQO-1.

Conclusions: SFN ameliorated diabetes-induced cognitive dysfunction by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, providing a new perspective for SFN therapy to delay cognitive impairment in diabetes patients.

Granular cell tumors are rare neoplasms originating from Schwann cells found in various organs. GCTs are seldom reported in the gastrointestinal tract. Pre-operative detection and diagnosis of colonic GCTs is challenging since the tumors are mainly asymptomatic, small, slow-growing, and submucosal. Most of these tumors are benign in histopathology and behavior. Recently, there has been greater insight into the varying presentations and behaviors of colonic GCTs with atypical histopathologic features. To contribute, we describe a GCT (2.3 cm) at the ileocecal junction found incidentally during follow-up for an excised ileal neuroendocrine tumor in a 65-year-old woman. Our GCT had an unusual focal atypia and infiltrative behavior into the pericolonic adipose tissue without metastasizing to the lymph nodes. These features are important since GCTs have a propensity for local recurrence if incompletely excised, which could have been easily missed. Even though GCTs with atypical features have low rates of recurrence and metastasis, they require close and careful attention in the absence of specific management guidelines due to potential aggressive behavior.

Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor (NTRK)-rearranged uterine sarcoma is a rare type of uterine sarcoma. This paper presents a case of a 49-year-old female who was admitted to the hospital due to lower abdominal pain and subsequently diagnosed with tropomyosin 3 (TPM3)::NTRK1-rearranged uterine sarcoma. To our knowledge, TPM3::NTRK1-rearranged sarcomas almost always occur in the cervix, and this is a novel case of uterine corpus occurrence. The patient received chemotherapy and radiotherapy after surgery. No recurrence or metastasis was observed after 9 months of treatment. Moreover, all reported clinicopathological features, treatment methods, and prognoses of NTRK-rearranged uterine sarcoma patients are reviewed herein.