International Journal of Endocrinology最新文献

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the most common chronic disease complications and significantly increases the prevalence of chronic diseases. This study aims to identify different patterns of MetS development using longitudinal data and explore their influencing factors.

Method: Based on the physical examination cohort of Shanghai railway workers, longitudinal data spanning 5 years (from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2023) were collected to analyze the development trajectories of 1954 participants with MetS. Latent growth mixture model (LGMM) was employed to classify the development trajectories of MetS into distinct groups. Additionally, mixed-effect models were utilized to explore the influencing factors, and machine learning models were constructed for trajectory prediction.

Results: The LGMM model classified patients into four groups: the progressively increasing group, the steadily increasing group, the progressively decreasing group, and the steadily decreasing group. Compared to the other three groups, the progressively increasing group exhibited the highest levels of weight, body mass index (BMI), heart rate, γ-glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, uric acid, and white blood cell count. Conversely, compared to the other three groups, the group with progressive decreases showed the highest levels of systolic blood pressure, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, urea nitrogen, fasting blood glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TGs). Mixed-effect models revealed that an increase in BMI and TG (OR > 1, p < 0.001) significantly increased the probability of being classified into the progressively increasing group, whereas HDL-C (OR < 1, p < 0.001) had the opposite effect. Variables selected through feature engineering were utilized to construct five machine learning prediction models, among which Random Forest (with an area under the curve, AUC = 0.852) demonstrated the best overall prediction performance and was therefore chosen to develop a MetS risk calculator based on Shiny.

Conclusion: BMI, TG, and HDL-C were the key to influence the developmental trajectories of MetS. Therefore, these three indicators should be closely monitored, and the progression of MetS can be controlled by adjusting dietary patterns.

Introduction: Muscle function and strength are related to magnesium (Mg). The risk of low muscle mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is higher compared to healthy individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum Mg and low muscle mass in people with T2DM.

Methods: This study included 1074 inpatients with T2DM with measured skeletal muscle index (SMI) and serum Mg concentrations, along with collected clinical characteristics. SMI was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Logistic regression analysis and linear regression analysis were employed to examine the associations between serum Mg concentrations and low muscle mass or SMI, respectively.

Results: The prevalence of low muscle mass was 20.28% in males and 14.20% in females. Serum Mg concentration was significantly higher in the low muscle mass group compared to the normal muscle mass group. Furthermore, among female patients with T2DM, a negative correlation was observed between Mg levels and SMI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that high Mg levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of low muscle mass. Specifically, in females, higher serum Mg levels significantly increased the risk of low muscle mass. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) across increasing tertiles (T1 to T3) of serum Mg were 1.00 (reference), 1.321 (95% CI, 0.626-2.790), and 2.071 (95% CI, 1.011-4.243), respectively, with a significant trend (p for trend = 0.039).

Conclusion: Low muscle mass in T2DM patients is associated with serum Mg levels. Notably, among female patients, higher serum Mg concentrations showed a significant linear trend and were negatively correlated with low muscle mass.

Objectives: Insufficient or excessive sleep and dyslipidemia are significant cardiovascular risk factors. Whilst the relationship between sleep duration and traditional lipid indices are well described, the connection to novel lipid and anthropometric indices remains unclear. This study examines these associations using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2005 to 2020.

Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 9847 adults from NHANES 2005-2020, excluding those with major cardiovascular disease and cancer. Sleep duration was categorized as insufficient (< 7 h), normal (7-8 h), and excessive (> 8 h). Self-reported sleep disturbance was documented. Novel indices included non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR), Triglyceride to HDL-Cholesterol (TG/HDL), Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) Index, Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI), Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP), Conicity Index (CI), Body-Roundness Index (BRI), A Body Shape Index (ABSI), and Weight-adjusted waist index (WWI). Generalized additive models (GAMs) with spline smoothing and threshold analysis assessed nonlinear associations, adjusting for confounders. Weighted multivariate linear regression evaluated linear associations.

Results: Insufficient sleep was associated with higher TyG combined with waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR) (p = 0.003). Excessive sleep was linked to higher TyG-WHtR, CI, BRI, ABSI, and WWI (p < 0.001). Sleep disturbance was associated with elevated TyG-WHtR, TyG-WC, LAP, CI, BRI, ABSI, and WWI (p < 0.001). Threshold analysis confirmed significant changes in several indices, emphasizing the impact of both insufficient and excessive sleep.

Conclusions: Insufficient, excessive sleep duration and sleep disturbance are associated with adverse lipid and anthropometric profiles, indicating increased cardiometabolic risk. Optimal sleep duration and addressing sleep disturbance could mitigate these risks. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex reproductive-endocrine disorder with an ambiguous etiology, presenting significant challenges for clinical management. Recently, inflammation has been identified as a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of PCOS, attracting considerable attention within the scientific community. In this study, we used bibliometric and visualization analyses to investigate the research hotspots and developmental trends associated with inflammation in PCOS to obtain valuable insights for future research.

Methods: The core collection of the Web of Science database was accessed to retrieve literature on inflammation and PCOS published from 2004 to 2024. Bibliometric analysis and visualization were performed using software tools including CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and GraphPad Prism. The analysis focused on publication year, country, institution, journal, author, publication, and literature keywords.

Results: From January 1, 2004, to July 25, 2024, a total of 2568 articles were published on PCOS and inflammation, which involved 10,920 authors from 2902 research institutions across 92 countries. The volume of literature in this field had consistently increased, with significant contributions from the United States and China. Tehran University of Medical Sciences and the Egyptian Knowledge Base were identified as the most active and influential institutions. "Gynecological Endocrinology" was the leading journal in terms of the number of relevant articles published. Among the published authors, Asemi and Zatollah had the highest publication counts, while Azziz R.'s work received the most citations. Commonly occurring keywords included insulin resistance, obesity, and oxidative stress. Recent literature clustering and keyword analysis identified that resveratrol, granulosa cells, follicular fluid, gut microbiota, and probiotics are current research hotspots in this field. Gut microbiota and infertility are recognized as significant directions for future research.

Conclusions: This bibliometric analysis provides a detailed overview of research on inflammation and PCOS, highlighting its importance in disease progression and the potential for therapeutic targeting of inflammatory pathways.

Background: Identifying undiagnosed cases of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is important because timely recognition may help reduce the risk of associated complications, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), stroke, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of MetS and obesity levels among patients attending an outpatient clinic.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the outpatient clinics of Istanbul, Maltepe University Hospital, Türkiye, between January 2018 and December 2019, involving adults between the ages of 18 and 70. Demographic and lifestyle information (age, sex, marital status, education, employment, smoking, and comorbidities) was collected through a structured questionnaire. Weight, height, waist circumference, and blood pressure were recorded for all participants. Body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride levels, extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) profiles, and fluorescent antinuclear antibody (FANA) levels were assessed. The Turkish Endocrinology and Metabolism Society's criteria were used to diagnose MetS.

Results: Of the 504 study participants, 55.9% (n = 282) were female, with a mean age of 52.2 ± 10.8 years. The overall prevalence of MetS was 32.7% (n = 165), with 32.9% (n = 93) in females and 32.4% (n = 72) in males. Despite similar MetS rates between sexes, lower education and unemployment were associated with higher prevalence. High BMI and a high prevalence of obesity were associated with MetS. Key indicators for MetS diagnosis among participants included weight, height, triglyceride, and HDL levels. The relationship between ENA profiles, FANA levels, and MetS showed significance upon analysis.

Conclusion: In this study, one-third of adults were diagnosed with MetS, with no significant difference in overall prevalence between sexes. Men had lower HDL-C and higher triglycerides, while women showed higher abdominal obesity. In addition, 15.5% of participants were positive for ENA and FANA antibodies despite no clinical autoimmune disease. Socioeconomic disparities, including lower education and unemployment, were also associated with higher MetS prevalence. These findings highlight the importance of integrating both sex-related and socioeconomic factors into targeted screening strategies.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a significant public health concern among middle-aged and elderly populations in China. This study evaluates the predictive value of four derived lipid indicators-lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, and Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) for MetS in Chinese adults aged ≥ 45 years. Data were sourced from the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Participants were classified according to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP ATP III, 2001), and China's 2020 Guidelines for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention and Treatment. Multivariate logistic regression and ROC curve analyses assessed the predictive performance of these indicators. Results demonstrated that LAP and CVAI showed the highest predictive accuracy for MetS under the IDF criteria (AUC = 0.903), while LAP and TyG were most effective under the NCEP ATP III and China 2020 guidelines (AUC = 0.860). Subgroup analyses revealed sex- and age-specific variations in indicator effectiveness. This study suggests that derived indicators, particularly LAP and TyG, enhance the screening and management of MetS in middle-aged and elderly Chinese populations. These findings support the adoption of LAP and TyG in clinical practice to improve early detection and targeted intervention strategies.

Introduction: The prostatitis syndrome is one of the most common entities encountered in urologic practice. One of the most common problems that patients with chronic prostatitis typically face is sexual dysfunction. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in patients with chronic prostatitis.

Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional study on 400 patients aged 18 to 50 years who were treated for chronic prostatitis and for whom more than three months had passed since the onset of their prostatitis and treatment. The patients were included in the study through a census. The Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire Short Form (CSFQ-14) was used to assess the sexual functioning status of the patients.

Result: In this study, a total of 400 patients who had referred to the medical centers and hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2024 due to chronic prostatitis were examined. The mean age of the patients was 40.83 ± 8.77. The mean sexual function score among patients with chronic prostatitis was 35.62 ± 8, with 89.2% of these individuals exhibiting signs of sexual dysfunction. Based on the results of this study, there was a significant relationship between sexual dysfunction and the type of relationship with the spouse (p=0.01).

Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, sexual dysfunction is a common complication in men with chronic prostatitis. Most patients had a cold and weak relationship with their spouse.

Aims: At present, only a limited number of studies have investigated the association between muscle strength and insulin resistance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between handgrip strength, a recognized indicator of overall muscle function and healthy aging, and triglyceride-glucose (TyG)-based indicators, including the TyG index, TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI), TyG-waist circumference (TyG-WC), and TyG-waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHtR), among middle-aged and older Chinese adults.

Methods: We utilized a cohort from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) collected in 2011 and 2015, comprising a total of 3318 participants. Handgrip strength was assessed using absolute handgrip strength (measured by dynamometers), relative handgrip strength (absolute handgrip strength standardized by BMI), and defined weak handgrip strength. The relationships between the TyG index and its derived measures (TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR) and different grip strength outcomes were examined using both multivariable logistic and linear regression approaches. To evaluate potential nonlinear patterns, restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were applied. Supplementary and robustness analyses encompassed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve evaluation, stratification by quartiles, subgroup comparisons, and handling of missing data via multiple imputation.

Results: Between 2011 and 2015, 610 participants developed weak handgrip strength. Among all TyG indices, only TyG-WHtR was significantly associated with grip strength indicators (absolute: β = -0.95, 95% CI: -1.56 and -0.33; relative: β = -0.06, 95% CI: -0.09 and -0.03; weak: OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.03 and 1.74). These associations remained robust when using cumulative TyG-WHtR. K-means clustering identified three TyG-WHtR trajectory subgroups. Compared to the stable low group, both moderate (β = -0.10) and sharply increasing groups (absolute: β = -1.19; relative: β = -0.15) showed a greater risk of muscle decline. ROC curves indicated similar diagnostic accuracy for baseline and cumulative TyG-WHtR.

Conclusions: Higher TyG-WHtR levels appear to be independently linked to poorer handgrip strength performance in midlife and elder adults. Maintaining a low TyG-WHtR may contribute to improving the health status of midlife and elderly adults by preserving handgrip strength.

Background: This study aimed to assess the relationship between serum lipopolysaccharide levels and subclinical hypothyroidism in a southern Chinese adult population.

Methods: This cross-sectional community-based study included 2577 participants. Fasting venous samples were taken to examine lipopolysaccharide, thyroid hormone, thyroglobulin antibody, and thyroid peroxidase antibody levels. The population was divided into quartiles according to serum lipopolysaccharide levels. A multivariable-adjusted logistic regression model was applied to test the association between lipopolysaccharide and subclinical hypothyroidism.

Results: Participants with increased serum levels of lipopolysaccharide had a higher prevalence of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (Q1: 10.4%, Q2: 14.3%, Q3: 17.8%, and Q4: 29.5%; p-trend < 0.001) and subclinical hypothyroidism (Q1: 2.2%, Q2: 4.7%, Q3: 7.5%, and Q4: 13.4%; p-trend < 0.001). The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios for subclinical hypothyroidism in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th serum lipopolysaccharide quartiles were 1.979 (95% CI: 1.033-3.793), 2.867 (95% CI: 1.534-5.360), and 4.091 (95% CI: 2.198-7.613), p-trend < 0.001, respectively, compared to the 1st quartile.

Conclusions: Increased serum lipopolysaccharide levels were related to an increased prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in the southern Chinese adult population.

Objective: Hungry bone syndrome (HBS), marked by severe and persistent hypocalcemia, frequently occurs after parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Despite its prevalence, there is limited research on this complication. This study aimed to assess the impact of preoperative bisphosphonate treatment on the incidence of postoperative HBS in PHPT patients.

Design: This retrospective study analyzed hospital records of patients with PHPT who underwent parathyroidectomy from January 2010 to January 2020.

Patients: The study included 144 patients with PHPT who underwent curative parathyroidectomy at AL-Zahra University Hospital within the specified timeframe. Patients with secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism or unsuccessful surgeries were excluded.

Measurements: Data on bisphosphonate use, clinical, and laboratory parameters were reviewed. Logistic regression analyzed the relationship between preoperative bisphosphonate treatment and the occurrence of postoperative HBS.

Results: Of the total of 144 patients, 19 received preoperative bisphosphonate therapy. The incidence of HBS was significantly higher in the bisphosphonate group (57.9%) compared to the nontreated group (11.2%) (p < 0.001). However, logistic regression analysis revealed no significant reduction in HBS occurrence due to bisphosphonate treatment, either in the overall cohort or in patients with moderate to severe hypercalcemia (calcium level ≥ 12 mg/dL) (odds ratio: 3.4, 95% CI: 0.5-22.7, p=0.191; odds ratio: 15.0, 95% CI: 0.6-383.9, p=0.102, respectively).

Conclusion: Preoperative bisphosphonate therapy does not prevent the development of HBS following parathyroidectomy for PHPT. Continuous postoperative calcium monitoring is essential for effective management and mitigation of HBS.