Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.1504/ijetm.2018.10019111
R. Kumar, K. Pakshirajan, G. Pugazhenthi
The present study describes the fabrication of analcime-C, MCM-41 and γ-Al2O3 composite membranes and their potential in removal of anionic dye from aqueous solution. The hydrothermal crystallisation technique was employed to deposit the charged inorganic oxides such as analcime-C, MCM-41 and γ-Al2O3 on the low cost ceramic support. The formation and purity of analcime-C, MCM-41 and γ-Al2O3 powders were verified by XRD analysis. The porosity, average pore size and water permeability of analcime-C composite membrane were calculated as 24% (23% and 29% for MCM-41 and γ-Al2O3 composite membrane), 0.155 μm (0.173 and 0.970 μm for MCM-41 and γ-Al2O3 composite membrane) and 4.53 × 10−8 m3/m2s.kPa (6.05 × 10−8 and 8.23 × 10−6 m3/m2s.kPa for MCM-41 and γ-Al2O3 composite membrane), respectively. To identify the effectiveness of the prepared composite membranes, applied pressure of the filtration process and initial dye concentration was varied to study their influence on the permeate flux and percentage of dye removal. The results showed that the percentage of dye removal is found to be reduced while increasing applied pressure for all the membranes. The maximum percentage of methyl orange removal was exhibited as 67% for analcime-C, 44% for MCM-41 and 56% for γ-Al2O3 membrane.
{"title":"Removal of methyl orange from synthetic wastewater using analcime-C, MCM-41 and γ-Al2O3 composite membranes","authors":"R. Kumar, K. Pakshirajan, G. Pugazhenthi","doi":"10.1504/ijetm.2018.10019111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijetm.2018.10019111","url":null,"abstract":"The present study describes the fabrication of analcime-C, MCM-41 and γ-Al2O3 composite membranes and their potential in removal of anionic dye from aqueous solution. The hydrothermal crystallisation technique was employed to deposit the charged inorganic oxides such as analcime-C, MCM-41 and γ-Al2O3 on the low cost ceramic support. The formation and purity of analcime-C, MCM-41 and γ-Al2O3 powders were verified by XRD analysis. The porosity, average pore size and water permeability of analcime-C composite membrane were calculated as 24% (23% and 29% for MCM-41 and γ-Al2O3 composite membrane), 0.155 μm (0.173 and 0.970 μm for MCM-41 and γ-Al2O3 composite membrane) and 4.53 × 10−8 m3/m2s.kPa (6.05 × 10−8 and 8.23 × 10−6 m3/m2s.kPa for MCM-41 and γ-Al2O3 composite membrane), respectively. To identify the effectiveness of the prepared composite membranes, applied pressure of the filtration process and initial dye concentration was varied to study their influence on the permeate flux and percentage of dye removal. The results showed that the percentage of dye removal is found to be reduced while increasing applied pressure for all the membranes. The maximum percentage of methyl orange removal was exhibited as 67% for analcime-C, 44% for MCM-41 and 56% for γ-Al2O3 membrane.","PeriodicalId":13984,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management","volume":"21 1","pages":"111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66766644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-13DOI: 10.1504/IJETM.2017.10007527
S. Olapiriyakul
In most developing countries, the disposal and treatment of solid waste in urban areas has proved to be a problem for the social acceptance of local residents and long-term sustainable development. This study proposes a multi-objective optimisation methodology to investigate sustainable network designs for solid waste management system. A case of Pathum Thani province, Thailand, is used to illustrate the application of the methodology. The social impact, defined as the number of people affected by the unpleasant sanitary conditions of nearby solid waste management facilities, is estimated by using GIS tools. The sustainability performances are normalised to a satisfaction scale, allowing decision makers to select network design solutions based on their sustainability target preferences. The results suggest that the facility location can significantly alter the sustainability performances, and it is shown that the locations of waste management facilities can be arranged to simultaneously improve all of the aspects of sustainability.
{"title":"Designing a sustainable municipal solid waste management system in Pathum Thani, Thailand","authors":"S. Olapiriyakul","doi":"10.1504/IJETM.2017.10007527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJETM.2017.10007527","url":null,"abstract":"In most developing countries, the disposal and treatment of solid waste in urban areas has proved to be a problem for the social acceptance of local residents and long-term sustainable development. This study proposes a multi-objective optimisation methodology to investigate sustainable network designs for solid waste management system. A case of Pathum Thani province, Thailand, is used to illustrate the application of the methodology. The social impact, defined as the number of people affected by the unpleasant sanitary conditions of nearby solid waste management facilities, is estimated by using GIS tools. The sustainability performances are normalised to a satisfaction scale, allowing decision makers to select network design solutions based on their sustainability target preferences. The results suggest that the facility location can significantly alter the sustainability performances, and it is shown that the locations of waste management facilities can be arranged to simultaneously improve all of the aspects of sustainability.","PeriodicalId":13984,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management","volume":"20 1","pages":"37-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42411580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-13DOI: 10.1504/IJETM.2017.10007532
C. Farrow, A. Crolla, C. Kinsley, E. McBean
To improve poultry waste management, the feasibility of enabling efficient anaerobic digestion of poultry manure through reduction of ammonia accumulation is examined. This study employs struvite precipitation to control ammonia accumulation, and focuses on the efficacy of ammonia removal under neutral reaction conditions (pH = 7). The impacts of phosphate and magnesium additives, pH, temperature and the N:Mg:P molar ratio are quantified. Magnesium chloride (MgCl2 • 6H2O) and monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4) are shown to be the most efficient combination of additives for total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) reduction of poultry manure leachate under neutral reaction conditions (pH = 7), demonstrating a TAN reduction of 90.3%. Modification of molar ratios (NH4:Mg:PO4) evidenced no significant benefit with regard to TAN reduction. However, increasing the fraction of supplementary magnesium resulted in a statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease in phosphate concentration within the leachate. This study demonstrates the advantages of struvite precipitation, as a method of ammonia control, to improve anaerobic digestion and hence management of poultry manure. Although an effective means of TAN control, struvite precipitation from poultry manure is an ineffective means of obtaining pure struvite due to the formation of co-precipitates.
{"title":"Ammonia removal from poultry manure leachate via struvite precipitation: a strategy for more efficient anaerobic digestion","authors":"C. Farrow, A. Crolla, C. Kinsley, E. McBean","doi":"10.1504/IJETM.2017.10007532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJETM.2017.10007532","url":null,"abstract":"To improve poultry waste management, the feasibility of enabling efficient anaerobic digestion of poultry manure through reduction of ammonia accumulation is examined. This study employs struvite precipitation to control ammonia accumulation, and focuses on the efficacy of ammonia removal under neutral reaction conditions (pH = 7). The impacts of phosphate and magnesium additives, pH, temperature and the N:Mg:P molar ratio are quantified. Magnesium chloride (MgCl2 • 6H2O) and monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4) are shown to be the most efficient combination of additives for total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) reduction of poultry manure leachate under neutral reaction conditions (pH = 7), demonstrating a TAN reduction of 90.3%. Modification of molar ratios (NH4:Mg:PO4) evidenced no significant benefit with regard to TAN reduction. However, increasing the fraction of supplementary magnesium resulted in a statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease in phosphate concentration within the leachate. This study demonstrates the advantages of struvite precipitation, as a method of ammonia control, to improve anaerobic digestion and hence management of poultry manure. Although an effective means of TAN control, struvite precipitation from poultry manure is an ineffective means of obtaining pure struvite due to the formation of co-precipitates.","PeriodicalId":13984,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management","volume":"20 1","pages":"87-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45573428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-13DOI: 10.1504/IJETM.2017.10007530
Austin H. Nguyen, C. Hoying, Theresa M. Urbina, P. Drennan
Plants displaying heavy metal hyper-accumulation and high biomass could be used in phytoextraction. The present study utilises photosynthetic acclimation rates and morphological measurements to gauge cadmium toxicity in radish plants raised on nutrient solutions containing 0, 5, 10 and 20 µM CdCl2. Growth rates displayed a dose-dependent decline with cadmium exposure. Photosynthetic acclimation was significantly reduced compared to controls in all cadmium treatments. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine cadmium accumulation. In both the roots and shoots of the plant, cadmium levels were significantly higher than the controls in 10 and 20 µM treatments. Significantly more cadmium was distributed into the roots compared to shoots. A moderate tolerance for and reasonable accumulation of cadmium makes the radish a candidate for phytoremediation in marginally contaminated environments. Furthermore, the sensitivity of photosynthetic acclimation rates to cadmium exposure serves as a potential bioindicator of cadmium contamination.
{"title":"Effects of cadmium on growth, short-term photosynthetic acclimation and metal accumulation in radish plants (Raphanus sativus L.)","authors":"Austin H. Nguyen, C. Hoying, Theresa M. Urbina, P. Drennan","doi":"10.1504/IJETM.2017.10007530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJETM.2017.10007530","url":null,"abstract":"Plants displaying heavy metal hyper-accumulation and high biomass could be used in phytoextraction. The present study utilises photosynthetic acclimation rates and morphological measurements to gauge cadmium toxicity in radish plants raised on nutrient solutions containing 0, 5, 10 and 20 µM CdCl2. Growth rates displayed a dose-dependent decline with cadmium exposure. Photosynthetic acclimation was significantly reduced compared to controls in all cadmium treatments. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to determine cadmium accumulation. In both the roots and shoots of the plant, cadmium levels were significantly higher than the controls in 10 and 20 µM treatments. Significantly more cadmium was distributed into the roots compared to shoots. A moderate tolerance for and reasonable accumulation of cadmium makes the radish a candidate for phytoremediation in marginally contaminated environments. Furthermore, the sensitivity of photosynthetic acclimation rates to cadmium exposure serves as a potential bioindicator of cadmium contamination.","PeriodicalId":13984,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management","volume":"20 1","pages":"78-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47501816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-13DOI: 10.1504/IJETM.2017.10007524
K. Dumorné, Margie Zorrilla Velazco, Petra G. Velazco Pedroso
In this research, we demonstrated the effectiveness of potassium polyethylene plycolate method (KPEG) in the removal of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from transformer oil. A commercially available transformer oil composed of a mixture of PCBs (Aroclor 1254) was treated by polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400), with potassium hydroxide (KOH). The relative efficiency of the different treatments was assessed in terms of the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE, %) by means of gas chromatography at different reaction times. Our results revealed that the DRE average, with a value of 95.0%, was obtained under the experimental conditions: mol ratio KOH/PEG = 2:1 and KPEG/oil = 30:1 for 3 h 30 min of reaction at 90°C. Additionally, the influence of time demonstrated effect on the dechlorination of PCBs.
{"title":"Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls treatment present in transformers oils","authors":"K. Dumorné, Margie Zorrilla Velazco, Petra G. Velazco Pedroso","doi":"10.1504/IJETM.2017.10007524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJETM.2017.10007524","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, we demonstrated the effectiveness of potassium polyethylene plycolate method (KPEG) in the removal of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from transformer oil. A commercially available transformer oil composed of a mixture of PCBs (Aroclor 1254) was treated by polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400), with potassium hydroxide (KOH). The relative efficiency of the different treatments was assessed in terms of the destruction and removal efficiency (DRE, %) by means of gas chromatography at different reaction times. Our results revealed that the DRE average, with a value of 95.0%, was obtained under the experimental conditions: mol ratio KOH/PEG = 2:1 and KPEG/oil = 30:1 for 3 h 30 min of reaction at 90°C. Additionally, the influence of time demonstrated effect on the dechlorination of PCBs.","PeriodicalId":13984,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management","volume":"20 1","pages":"10-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45953145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-13DOI: 10.1504/IJETM.2017.10007523
Nazia Tarannum, R. Agrawal, R. Yadav, A. Yadav, R. Soni
In the present work, heavy metal contamination of water and soil in western Uttar Pradesh terrain, India was assessed. About 16 boreholes and tap water samples and ten soil samples were studied using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) for arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) content, and the levels were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) specified maximum contaminant level (MCL). According to WHO, the MCL for As and Pb is 0.01 mg/L. From the results obtained, about 75% of biota samples analysed contained As and Pb in concentrations above MCL. The subject of health concern is the increasing concentration of As in Modinagar and Meerut residential area. The effluents from industries, pesticides used in agriculture land and improper waste management are the reasons responsible for heavy metal toxicity in this belt. The deep bore water samples of Muradnagar, Modinagar, Meerut and Mawana showed high concentrations of As.
{"title":"Assessment of heavy metal contamination zones of biota of Western Uttar Pradesh Terrain, India using atomic absorption spectroscopy","authors":"Nazia Tarannum, R. Agrawal, R. Yadav, A. Yadav, R. Soni","doi":"10.1504/IJETM.2017.10007523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJETM.2017.10007523","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, heavy metal contamination of water and soil in western Uttar Pradesh terrain, India was assessed. About 16 boreholes and tap water samples and ten soil samples were studied using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) for arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) content, and the levels were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) specified maximum contaminant level (MCL). According to WHO, the MCL for As and Pb is 0.01 mg/L. From the results obtained, about 75% of biota samples analysed contained As and Pb in concentrations above MCL. The subject of health concern is the increasing concentration of As in Modinagar and Meerut residential area. The effluents from industries, pesticides used in agriculture land and improper waste management are the reasons responsible for heavy metal toxicity in this belt. The deep bore water samples of Muradnagar, Modinagar, Meerut and Mawana showed high concentrations of As.","PeriodicalId":13984,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46160940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-13DOI: 10.1504/IJETM.2017.10007529
H. L. F. Dias, B. V. Bertoncini, M. L. Oliveira, F. S. Cavalcante, Ed Pinheiro Lima
In the present work, two dynamic emission models integrated to traffic simulators were analysed: Panis et al. and EnViver integrated to traffic simulators AIMSUN and VISSIM, respectively. These models were selected due to their capacity to execute emission estimations of particulate matter (PM), a pollutant found in the incomplete combustion in diesel cycle engines and extremely harmful to human health and because of their negative impact was the study object of this paper. Estimated data were confronted with collected data emission in the field through a collecting procedure built by Dias et al. (2015) from a typical urban service vehicle of Fortaleza City - CE, aiming to verify the model that estimated particulate matter data emission closer to the reality of vehicles studied in this research. The selected models can estimate the main rates of particulate matter or originated in urban freight transport. However, the model proposed by Panis et al. was considered more appropriate in the representation of this phenomenon.
本文分析了两种集成在交通模拟器中的动态排放模型:Panis等和集成在交通模拟器AIMSUN和VISSIM中的EnViver。选择这些模型是因为它们能够执行颗粒物(PM)的排放估算，PM是柴油循环发动机中不完全燃烧中发现的对人体健康极其有害的污染物，并且它们的负面影响是本文的研究对象。通过Dias et al.(2015)构建的以福塔莱萨市典型城市服务车辆为样本的数据采集流程，将估算数据与现场采集的数据排放进行对比，验证估算的颗粒物数据排放模型更接近本研究所研究车辆的实际情况。所选择的模型可以估计主要的颗粒物率或源自城市货运。然而，Panis等人提出的模型被认为更适合于表示这一现象。
{"title":"Analysis of emission models integrated with traffic models for freight transportation study in urban areas","authors":"H. L. F. Dias, B. V. Bertoncini, M. L. Oliveira, F. S. Cavalcante, Ed Pinheiro Lima","doi":"10.1504/IJETM.2017.10007529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJETM.2017.10007529","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, two dynamic emission models integrated to traffic simulators were analysed: Panis et al. and EnViver integrated to traffic simulators AIMSUN and VISSIM, respectively. These models were selected due to their capacity to execute emission estimations of particulate matter (PM), a pollutant found in the incomplete combustion in diesel cycle engines and extremely harmful to human health and because of their negative impact was the study object of this paper. Estimated data were confronted with collected data emission in the field through a collecting procedure built by Dias et al. (2015) from a typical urban service vehicle of Fortaleza City - CE, aiming to verify the model that estimated particulate matter data emission closer to the reality of vehicles studied in this research. The selected models can estimate the main rates of particulate matter or originated in urban freight transport. However, the model proposed by Panis et al. was considered more appropriate in the representation of this phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":13984,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management","volume":"20 1","pages":"60-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46248097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-13DOI: 10.1504/IJETM.2017.10007533
Tiyasha Kanjilal, C. Bhattacharjee, S. Datta
Remediation through aquatic macrophytes treatment system for the removal of noxious contaminants from wastewater is an emerging environmental protection technique. The dried and acid-alkali treated bulbs of water hyacinth (WHB) having high porosity and O2-filled functional groups were utilised to treat Pb(II) from industrial wastewater. Characterisation of WHB with FESEM, XRD and FTIR exhibited the presence of several carboxyls, hydroxyl, ketonic, aldehydes and other O2-filled functional groups showing WHB adsorption with highest monolayer capacity of (Qm) 38.614 mg/g. WHB adsorption directed towards the pseudo-second order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm mechanism. The study also emphasised effective regeneration of WHB using HNO3, NaOH and vacuum dry. The bio-sorption mechanism was observed to be endothermic spontaneous reaction process, with ΔG decreased from -0.71 to -8.53 with increasing temperature. With optimised and controlled process conditions, only 5.0 g L−1 of WHB bio-sorbent could significantly treat about 85.3% of 100 mg L−1 of Pb(II) within 120 minutes at pH 7.0 and 30°C. Also a comparative optimisation study of ANN and RSM were used to predict the WHB bio-sorption bioprocess. Therefore, WHB have efficient potential to be commercially applicable as an environmental-friendly and economical bio-sorbent for treatment of Pb(II) from solutions and effluent from paint industry.
通过水生植物处理系统去除废水中的有害污染物是一种新兴的环境保护技术。利用干燥和酸碱处理的具有高孔隙率和充氧官能团的水葫芦球茎（WHB）处理工业废水中的Pb（II）。用FESEM、XRD和FTIR对WHB的表征显示出几种羧基、羟基、酮基、醛和其他O2填充的官能团的存在，显示出WHB吸附的最高单层容量为（Qm）38.614mg/g。WHB吸附趋向于拟二阶动力学和Langmuir等温线机制。该研究还强调了使用HNO3、NaOH和真空干燥对WHB进行有效再生。生物吸附机理为吸热自发反应过程，随着温度的升高，ΔG从-0.71降至-8.53。在优化和受控的工艺条件下，在pH 7.0和30°C下，只有5.0 g L−1的WHB生物吸附剂可以在120分钟内显著处理约85.3%的100 mg L−1 Pb（II）。此外，还使用ANN和RSM的比较优化研究来预测WHB生物吸附生物过程。因此，WHB作为一种环境友好、经济的生物吸附剂，具有有效的商业应用潜力，可用于处理涂料工业溶液和废水中的Pb（II）。
{"title":"Assessing treatment of lead (Pb II) from industrial wastewater on dried bulbs of water hyacinth: adsorption capacity, isotherm and kinetic study","authors":"Tiyasha Kanjilal, C. Bhattacharjee, S. Datta","doi":"10.1504/IJETM.2017.10007533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJETM.2017.10007533","url":null,"abstract":"Remediation through aquatic macrophytes treatment system for the removal of noxious contaminants from wastewater is an emerging environmental protection technique. The dried and acid-alkali treated bulbs of water hyacinth (WHB) having high porosity and O2-filled functional groups were utilised to treat Pb(II) from industrial wastewater. Characterisation of WHB with FESEM, XRD and FTIR exhibited the presence of several carboxyls, hydroxyl, ketonic, aldehydes and other O2-filled functional groups showing WHB adsorption with highest monolayer capacity of (Qm) 38.614 mg/g. WHB adsorption directed towards the pseudo-second order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm mechanism. The study also emphasised effective regeneration of WHB using HNO3, NaOH and vacuum dry. The bio-sorption mechanism was observed to be endothermic spontaneous reaction process, with ΔG decreased from -0.71 to -8.53 with increasing temperature. With optimised and controlled process conditions, only 5.0 g L−1 of WHB bio-sorbent could significantly treat about 85.3% of 100 mg L−1 of Pb(II) within 120 minutes at pH 7.0 and 30°C. Also a comparative optimisation study of ANN and RSM were used to predict the WHB bio-sorption bioprocess. Therefore, WHB have efficient potential to be commercially applicable as an environmental-friendly and economical bio-sorbent for treatment of Pb(II) from solutions and effluent from paint industry.","PeriodicalId":13984,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management","volume":"20 1","pages":"101-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46343098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-13DOI: 10.1504/IJETM.2017.10007525
P. Huang, Dan J. Zhang, S. Bai, Song-yan Qin
Plants support fauna richness and can be aesthetically pleasing. They also play an invaluable role in the assimilation and removal of nutrients. Canna indica L, Iris tectorums, Lythrum salicaria L., Cyperus alternifolius were found to be highly effective in remediating high nutrient levels in an aquatic environment. In this paper, the four plants were planted in floating beds in a park pond-Fuzhuang, Hefei city. The nearby pond-Lianfang as control was unplanted. The results suggested that combination of four species emergent plants performed well in nutrients removal; the removal efficiencies for suspended solids (SS), turbidity, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) were 82.5%, 87.5%, 75%, 82.9% respectively, compared with the control. At the end of the test, it successfully transformed from V grade water-body to III grade water-body. Different periods of flowering could maintain longer landscape effect. This paper demonstrated that combination of emergent plants could form pleasant scenery as well as restore eutrophic landscape pond.
{"title":"Application of combined emergent plants in floating bed for phytoremediation of landscape pond in South China","authors":"P. Huang, Dan J. Zhang, S. Bai, Song-yan Qin","doi":"10.1504/IJETM.2017.10007525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJETM.2017.10007525","url":null,"abstract":"Plants support fauna richness and can be aesthetically pleasing. They also play an invaluable role in the assimilation and removal of nutrients. Canna indica L, Iris tectorums, Lythrum salicaria L., Cyperus alternifolius were found to be highly effective in remediating high nutrient levels in an aquatic environment. In this paper, the four plants were planted in floating beds in a park pond-Fuzhuang, Hefei city. The nearby pond-Lianfang as control was unplanted. The results suggested that combination of four species emergent plants performed well in nutrients removal; the removal efficiencies for suspended solids (SS), turbidity, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) were 82.5%, 87.5%, 75%, 82.9% respectively, compared with the control. At the end of the test, it successfully transformed from V grade water-body to III grade water-body. Different periods of flowering could maintain longer landscape effect. This paper demonstrated that combination of emergent plants could form pleasant scenery as well as restore eutrophic landscape pond.","PeriodicalId":13984,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management","volume":"20 1","pages":"22-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2017-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49011830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1504/IJETM.2017.10010678
K. Kannabiran
Accumulation of high concentrations of heavy metals in soil and environment affects both humans and microorganisms. Heavy metals get accumulated within the tissues of the organism and at various levels of the ecological chain; leads to decrease in the biomass and biological diversity by affecting the growth, morphology, and activity of the organism. Removal of hazardous heavy metals and radionuclide-contamination through biological means is of current importance. Bioremediation using microorganisms is considered as safe and more efficient. Actinobacteria, the most important groups of microbes, are responsible for degradation and transformation of organic and metal substrates and also possess significant bioremediation potential. It can degrade high doses of pesticides, chemical complexes, and heavy metals. Actinomycetes utilise toxins as carbon sources and in turn synthesise commercially viable antibiotics, enzymes and proteins. In this review, the efficacy of actinomycetes in bioremediation of heavy metals such as copper, chromium, mercury, lead, zinc, and cadmium was discussed.
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