Pub Date : 2019-09-04DOI: 10.1504/ijetm.2019.10023674
T. Borges, O. Chiavone-Filho, A. C. Teixeira, E. Foletto, G. Dotto, C. Nascimento
In this work, thiophanate-methyl fungicide was degraded by the homogeneous photo-Fenton process using lab-scale annular and solar tubular reactors. A UV light was used as artificial irradiation source in the lab-scale reactor. The influence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dosage and initial pollutant concentration on the process efficiency was investigated. Degradation efficiency of thiophanate-methyl fungicide was monitored by measuring the total organic carbon (TOC). The results revealed that the variable H2O2 dosage showed remarkable effect on the process efficiency, whereas the fungicide concentration showed little influence. Both reactors showed similar efficiencies, reaching a fungicide mineralisation of 80% at 120 min of reaction time. Therefore, both reactors demonstrate to be effective on the thiophanate-methyl degradation from aqueous solution.
{"title":"Degradation of thiophanate-methyl fungicide by photo-Fenton process using lab-scale annular and solar tubular reactors","authors":"T. Borges, O. Chiavone-Filho, A. C. Teixeira, E. Foletto, G. Dotto, C. Nascimento","doi":"10.1504/ijetm.2019.10023674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijetm.2019.10023674","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, thiophanate-methyl fungicide was degraded by the homogeneous photo-Fenton process using lab-scale annular and solar tubular reactors. A UV light was used as artificial irradiation source in the lab-scale reactor. The influence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) dosage and initial pollutant concentration on the process efficiency was investigated. Degradation efficiency of thiophanate-methyl fungicide was monitored by measuring the total organic carbon (TOC). The results revealed that the variable H2O2 dosage showed remarkable effect on the process efficiency, whereas the fungicide concentration showed little influence. Both reactors showed similar efficiencies, reaching a fungicide mineralisation of 80% at 120 min of reaction time. Therefore, both reactors demonstrate to be effective on the thiophanate-methyl degradation from aqueous solution.","PeriodicalId":13984,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41989792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-04DOI: 10.1504/ijetm.2019.10023679
S. Samal, C. Mishra, S. Sahoo
Urea, phosphogypsum (PG) and paper mill sludge (PMS) are commonly used to address soil nutrient deficiency. In this study, these chemicals were used at recommended agricultural dose (RAD) along with low and high concentrations to assess their effects on soil chemical and biological quality. Urea was applied at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 g/kg soil, PG at 50, 100, 150 g/kg soil and PMS at 5, 10, 15 g/kg soil. Significant variation in soil pH, electrical conductivity and organic carbon (OC) were noticed in response to chemical concentration and treatment types. The percent OC reduction was high in PG and PMS treated soils. Percent nitrogen and phosphorous in soil increased with the concentrations of urea and PG. Invariably, lower bacterial and fungal population were observed in treated soils relative to control. Activities of amylase, cellulase, invertase, dehydrogenase and protease were inhibited at high concentration of all test chemicals with minor deviations. The study indicated that bacterial population and exoenzymes could be useful markers to evaluate soil toxicity due to hyper concentrations of urea, PG and PMS in soil.
{"title":"Evaluating the effects of elevated concentrations of urea, phosphogypsum and paper mill sludge on soil chemical, microbial and exoenzyme dynamics","authors":"S. Samal, C. Mishra, S. Sahoo","doi":"10.1504/ijetm.2019.10023679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijetm.2019.10023679","url":null,"abstract":"Urea, phosphogypsum (PG) and paper mill sludge (PMS) are commonly used to address soil nutrient deficiency. In this study, these chemicals were used at recommended agricultural dose (RAD) along with low and high concentrations to assess their effects on soil chemical and biological quality. Urea was applied at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 g/kg soil, PG at 50, 100, 150 g/kg soil and PMS at 5, 10, 15 g/kg soil. Significant variation in soil pH, electrical conductivity and organic carbon (OC) were noticed in response to chemical concentration and treatment types. The percent OC reduction was high in PG and PMS treated soils. Percent nitrogen and phosphorous in soil increased with the concentrations of urea and PG. Invariably, lower bacterial and fungal population were observed in treated soils relative to control. Activities of amylase, cellulase, invertase, dehydrogenase and protease were inhibited at high concentration of all test chemicals with minor deviations. The study indicated that bacterial population and exoenzymes could be useful markers to evaluate soil toxicity due to hyper concentrations of urea, PG and PMS in soil.","PeriodicalId":13984,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43671577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-04DOI: 10.1504/ijetm.2019.10023672
A. Singh, P. Bhatia
Urban air pollution is one of the unsettled issues in urban development and planning process. Urban street canyons are one of the main focused areas of investigation due to the heavy emission of the pollutants from vehicles. In the present study, the effects of elevated metro rail track (EMRT) on pollutant dispersion phenomena have been studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. As a practical application of a CFD model, k-e turbulence model was applied for airflow modelling. Species transport model was applied for pollutant dispersion modelling. Geometrical configuration of urban street canyon of aspect ratio 'one', with elevated metro rail track, has been considered. Numerical simulations were carried out for perpendicular wind flow. Pollutant concentrations, at various locations of the street canyon, were largely affected by the introduction of elevated metro rail track. These results were compared with the street canyon without elevated metro rail track. It has been observed that the pollutant concentration increased at lower region and decreased at the upper region of the street canyon. Variations were not uniformly distributed in street canyon volume. Contours and pollutant concentrations have been compared and discussed for different sampled locations in the street canyon.
{"title":"Numerical simulation of pollutant dispersion in an urban street canyon - effects of elevated metro rail track","authors":"A. Singh, P. Bhatia","doi":"10.1504/ijetm.2019.10023672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijetm.2019.10023672","url":null,"abstract":"Urban air pollution is one of the unsettled issues in urban development and planning process. Urban street canyons are one of the main focused areas of investigation due to the heavy emission of the pollutants from vehicles. In the present study, the effects of elevated metro rail track (EMRT) on pollutant dispersion phenomena have been studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. As a practical application of a CFD model, k-e turbulence model was applied for airflow modelling. Species transport model was applied for pollutant dispersion modelling. Geometrical configuration of urban street canyon of aspect ratio 'one', with elevated metro rail track, has been considered. Numerical simulations were carried out for perpendicular wind flow. Pollutant concentrations, at various locations of the street canyon, were largely affected by the introduction of elevated metro rail track. These results were compared with the street canyon without elevated metro rail track. It has been observed that the pollutant concentration increased at lower region and decreased at the upper region of the street canyon. Variations were not uniformly distributed in street canyon volume. Contours and pollutant concentrations have been compared and discussed for different sampled locations in the street canyon.","PeriodicalId":13984,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46916973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-04DOI: 10.1504/ijetm.2019.10023671
Natiela Caponi, G. C. Collazzo, Julia S. Salla, S. L. Jahn, G. Dotto, E. Foletto
This work aimed to investigate the removal of crystal violet (CV) dye from coloured wastewater using natural kaolin as an adsorbent. In order to investigate the effects of independent variables and to determine the optimum conditions on the dye removal, a 23 central composite design combined with a response surface methodology was employed. Experiments were carried out as a function of agitation rate (80 to 150 rpm), initial dye concentration (50 to 150 mg L-1) and adsorbent dosage (0.5 to 1.0 g L-1). The accuracy of the model was evaluated by employing the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results revealed a good agreement between the model predicted and the experimental values. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the CV removal efficiency was 71% and the maximum adsorption capacity was 48.8 mg g-1. These results indicated that the kaolin can be successfully applied as a potential low-cost adsorbent for the removal of dyes from coloured wastewaters.
{"title":"Optimisation of crystal violet removal onto raw kaolin using response surface methodology","authors":"Natiela Caponi, G. C. Collazzo, Julia S. Salla, S. L. Jahn, G. Dotto, E. Foletto","doi":"10.1504/ijetm.2019.10023671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijetm.2019.10023671","url":null,"abstract":"This work aimed to investigate the removal of crystal violet (CV) dye from coloured wastewater using natural kaolin as an adsorbent. In order to investigate the effects of independent variables and to determine the optimum conditions on the dye removal, a 23 central composite design combined with a response surface methodology was employed. Experiments were carried out as a function of agitation rate (80 to 150 rpm), initial dye concentration (50 to 150 mg L-1) and adsorbent dosage (0.5 to 1.0 g L-1). The accuracy of the model was evaluated by employing the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results revealed a good agreement between the model predicted and the experimental values. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the CV removal efficiency was 71% and the maximum adsorption capacity was 48.8 mg g-1. These results indicated that the kaolin can be successfully applied as a potential low-cost adsorbent for the removal of dyes from coloured wastewaters.","PeriodicalId":13984,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49505227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-04DOI: 10.1504/ijetm.2019.10023676
T. Falayi, F. Ntuli, F. Okonta
Mesoporous silica (MCM41) adsorbent was prepared from silicate solution produced from silica leaching of calcined pulverised fly ash. MCM41 was used for the removal of heavy metals and neutralisation of acid mine drainage. Silica leaching was optimised using two level full factorial and 13 run central composite rotable uniform design with five centre points. A pH of 7 produced the most pure MCM41 with an external surface area of 98,000 m2m-3. A 4% m/v solid loading of MCM41 could remove 95.5%, 97.3% and 99.6% of Ni, Cu and Fe respectively. The adsorption process was found to fit the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo second order kinetics. The Gibbs free energy of adsorption for all metals was below-20 kJ/mol for all metals. The enthalpy for Fe, Cu and Ni removal were 19.97 kJ/mol, 21.40 kJ/mol and 16.44 kJ/mol respectively and thus endothermic. The significance of the research was that silica could be leached from calcined pulverised fly ash and MCM41 can be used as an adsorbent for heavy metals in acid mine drainage treatment.
{"title":"Desilication of calcined pulverised fly ash and use of silicate solution to prepare a mesoporous silica adsorbent for heavy metals in acid mine drainage","authors":"T. Falayi, F. Ntuli, F. Okonta","doi":"10.1504/ijetm.2019.10023676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijetm.2019.10023676","url":null,"abstract":"Mesoporous silica (MCM41) adsorbent was prepared from silicate solution produced from silica leaching of calcined pulverised fly ash. MCM41 was used for the removal of heavy metals and neutralisation of acid mine drainage. Silica leaching was optimised using two level full factorial and 13 run central composite rotable uniform design with five centre points. A pH of 7 produced the most pure MCM41 with an external surface area of 98,000 m2m-3. A 4% m/v solid loading of MCM41 could remove 95.5%, 97.3% and 99.6% of Ni, Cu and Fe respectively. The adsorption process was found to fit the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo second order kinetics. The Gibbs free energy of adsorption for all metals was below-20 kJ/mol for all metals. The enthalpy for Fe, Cu and Ni removal were 19.97 kJ/mol, 21.40 kJ/mol and 16.44 kJ/mol respectively and thus endothermic. The significance of the research was that silica could be leached from calcined pulverised fly ash and MCM41 can be used as an adsorbent for heavy metals in acid mine drainage treatment.","PeriodicalId":13984,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47190490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-04DOI: 10.1504/ijetm.2019.10023677
Aliye Atay, Y. Akdi, Y. Okkaoğlu, Faruk Çelikkanat
Around the world, air pollution is a leading social problem despite all the precautions. Of all the reasons for this, human-induced ones are at the top of the list. These can be prevented or at least reduced by some measures. Thus, forecasting air pollution is an important issue for all related agencies. In this paper, in order to forecast future values of air pollution rates, two different model approaches were considered. The first one is the Box-Jenkins time series model and the second one is a trigonometric Yt = μ + Acos(wkt) + Bsin(wkt) + et time series model. As a main air pollution measurement index, monthly average amounts of particulate matter, PM10 were used. Kocaeli was selected as a representative city because it is the most important industrial city in Turkey. Hence, data were collected monthly from different air monitoring stations in the city of Kocaeli between 2007 and 2018 and averaged to produce a single time series. Both models yielded high forecast values of PM10.
{"title":"Forecasting air pollution rates in industrial centres: a case study for Kocaeli-Turkey","authors":"Aliye Atay, Y. Akdi, Y. Okkaoğlu, Faruk Çelikkanat","doi":"10.1504/ijetm.2019.10023677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijetm.2019.10023677","url":null,"abstract":"Around the world, air pollution is a leading social problem despite all the precautions. Of all the reasons for this, human-induced ones are at the top of the list. These can be prevented or at least reduced by some measures. Thus, forecasting air pollution is an important issue for all related agencies. In this paper, in order to forecast future values of air pollution rates, two different model approaches were considered. The first one is the Box-Jenkins time series model and the second one is a trigonometric Yt = μ + Acos(wkt) + Bsin(wkt) + et time series model. As a main air pollution measurement index, monthly average amounts of particulate matter, PM10 were used. Kocaeli was selected as a representative city because it is the most important industrial city in Turkey. Hence, data were collected monthly from different air monitoring stations in the city of Kocaeli between 2007 and 2018 and averaged to produce a single time series. Both models yielded high forecast values of PM10.","PeriodicalId":13984,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46736466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-05DOI: 10.1504/IJETM.2019.10022951
I. Dahlan, K. Kit
Modelling and simulation of batch adsorption in malachite green dye removal using activated carbon prepared from groundnut shell waste was studied. Mathematical model was developed based on a two-resistance model which included external mass transfer coefficient and pore diffusion coefficient that controls the mass transfer process in batch adsorption. MATLAB program was written to solve ordinary differential equation from the model and to estimate mass transfer parameters by matching the simulation data with the experimental data from literature. From the results, it was found that the external mass transfer coefficient kf and pore diffusion coefficient Dp were estimated to be 6.2054 × 10−2 m/s and 2.2660 × 10−10 m2/s, respectively. Using the estimated parameters, simulation results showed that the model provided good correlation with the experimental data based on different initial concentrations. The estimated parameters were used to study the adsorption of dye under different variables such as initial dye concentration, volume of dye solution, adsorbent particle size and mass of adsorbent. It was concluded that the dye removal efficiency was higher for lower initial dye concentration, higher mass of adsorbent, lower volume of dye solution and smaller adsorbent particle size.
{"title":"Modelling and simulation of batch adsorption of malachite green using groundnut shell waste-based activated carbon","authors":"I. Dahlan, K. Kit","doi":"10.1504/IJETM.2019.10022951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJETM.2019.10022951","url":null,"abstract":"Modelling and simulation of batch adsorption in malachite green dye removal using activated carbon prepared from groundnut shell waste was studied. Mathematical model was developed based on a two-resistance model which included external mass transfer coefficient and pore diffusion coefficient that controls the mass transfer process in batch adsorption. MATLAB program was written to solve ordinary differential equation from the model and to estimate mass transfer parameters by matching the simulation data with the experimental data from literature. From the results, it was found that the external mass transfer coefficient kf and pore diffusion coefficient Dp were estimated to be 6.2054 × 10−2 m/s and 2.2660 × 10−10 m2/s, respectively. Using the estimated parameters, simulation results showed that the model provided good correlation with the experimental data based on different initial concentrations. The estimated parameters were used to study the adsorption of dye under different variables such as initial dye concentration, volume of dye solution, adsorbent particle size and mass of adsorbent. It was concluded that the dye removal efficiency was higher for lower initial dye concentration, higher mass of adsorbent, lower volume of dye solution and smaller adsorbent particle size.","PeriodicalId":13984,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45322398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-02DOI: 10.1504/IJETM.2019.101391
Yanhong Xu, Guangrong Huang
The ability of the shell powder of Argopecten irradians to remove Cr(VI) and Cu(II) ions from aquatic systems was evaluated. The adsorption efficiency was very high for Cu(II), at approximately 99.04%, while for Cr(VI), it was not higher than 24.03%. The adsorption rate of Cr(VI) was affected by the pH, feeding amount, stirring time, calcination temperature and initial Cr(VI) ion concentration. The experimental results indicate that the optimal Cr(VI) absorption rate was 32.86% of Cr(VI) within 1.5 h at a pH of 3 and a 200 mg/L initial Cr(VI) concentration on shell powder acidifie, using hydrochloric acid and calcination at 300°C to promote adsorption. Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to analyse the isotherm data of Cr(VI) and Cu(II). The Freundlich model was suited to Cr(VI) adsorption, while the Langmuir model fit Cu(II) adsorption.
{"title":"Removal of Cr(VI) and Cu(II) from wastewater by an Argopecten irradians shell powder adsorbent","authors":"Yanhong Xu, Guangrong Huang","doi":"10.1504/IJETM.2019.101391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJETM.2019.101391","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of the shell powder of Argopecten irradians to remove Cr(VI) and Cu(II) ions from aquatic systems was evaluated. The adsorption efficiency was very high for Cu(II), at approximately 99.04%, while for Cr(VI), it was not higher than 24.03%. The adsorption rate of Cr(VI) was affected by the pH, feeding amount, stirring time, calcination temperature and initial Cr(VI) ion concentration. The experimental results indicate that the optimal Cr(VI) absorption rate was 32.86% of Cr(VI) within 1.5 h at a pH of 3 and a 200 mg/L initial Cr(VI) concentration on shell powder acidifie, using hydrochloric acid and calcination at 300°C to promote adsorption. Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to analyse the isotherm data of Cr(VI) and Cu(II). The Freundlich model was suited to Cr(VI) adsorption, while the Langmuir model fit Cu(II) adsorption.","PeriodicalId":13984,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/IJETM.2019.101391","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48441631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-02DOI: 10.1504/IJETM.2019.10022837
T. Lipman, J. Lidicker
These sailing vessel testing, data collection and analysis project examined the real world potential for a novel carbon-fibre 'wingsail' technology to reduce fuel use in potential passenger ferryboat applications. The project involved building a carbon fibre, computer-controlled wingsail that was then mounted on a 14-metre trimaran test vessel with a complete instrumentation package. The vessel was then operated on the San Francisco Bay over a three-month period. The test results were conclusive that, for a test vessel travelling at seven knots though water on a particular ferry route, up to 25% to 40% of the fuel burned can be saved through the use of the wingsail, depending on wind speed, with a corresponding reduction in greenhouse gases, toxic and criteria pollutant emissions and fuel costs. The estimated fuel efficiency gains will not necessarily translate directly to those at actual ferryboat service speeds (at 17 or more knots) but are encouraging pending further investigations.
{"title":"Wind-assist marine demonstration for ferries: prospects for saving diesel fuel with wind power","authors":"T. Lipman, J. Lidicker","doi":"10.1504/IJETM.2019.10022837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJETM.2019.10022837","url":null,"abstract":"These sailing vessel testing, data collection and analysis project examined the real world potential for a novel carbon-fibre 'wingsail' technology to reduce fuel use in potential passenger ferryboat applications. The project involved building a carbon fibre, computer-controlled wingsail that was then mounted on a 14-metre trimaran test vessel with a complete instrumentation package. The vessel was then operated on the San Francisco Bay over a three-month period. The test results were conclusive that, for a test vessel travelling at seven knots though water on a particular ferry route, up to 25% to 40% of the fuel burned can be saved through the use of the wingsail, depending on wind speed, with a corresponding reduction in greenhouse gases, toxic and criteria pollutant emissions and fuel costs. The estimated fuel efficiency gains will not necessarily translate directly to those at actual ferryboat service speeds (at 17 or more knots) but are encouraging pending further investigations.","PeriodicalId":13984,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46054714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-02DOI: 10.1504/IJETM.2019.10022880
Tsung-Nan Weng, Chen‐Wuing Liu, Wen Liu
In order to assess the potential of soil contamination from petroleum-based products and determine the soil samples required for laboratory analysis, investigators generally use portable instruments such as photo ionisation detectors (PIDs) or flame ionisation detectors (FIDs) for on-site screening. In this study, PIDs, FIDs, and turbidimetric test kits were integratively used to screen 47 soil samples from 28 fuelling station sites suspected of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) contamination. The PIDs and FIDs achieved high accuracy in screening sites contaminated by gasoline (TPHC6-C9); the test kits yielded high accuracy in screening those contaminated by diesel fuel (TPHC10-C40), as well as high correlation with laboratory analysis. Regression analyses showed high coefficients of determination (R2), reaching up to 0.819 (PIDs versus TPHC6-C9), 0.788 (FIDs versus TPHC6-C9), and 0.653 (test kits versus TPHC10-C40). The integration of PIDs, FIDs, and test kits with laboratory analysis can significantly increase the efficiency and accuracy of soil contamination investigations. We suggest that the application of turbidimetric test kits to screen potential oil-contaminated fuelling station sites can produce accurate assessment results.
{"title":"Correlations between on-site screening methods and laboratory analyses of oil-contaminated fuelling station sites","authors":"Tsung-Nan Weng, Chen‐Wuing Liu, Wen Liu","doi":"10.1504/IJETM.2019.10022880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJETM.2019.10022880","url":null,"abstract":"In order to assess the potential of soil contamination from petroleum-based products and determine the soil samples required for laboratory analysis, investigators generally use portable instruments such as photo ionisation detectors (PIDs) or flame ionisation detectors (FIDs) for on-site screening. In this study, PIDs, FIDs, and turbidimetric test kits were integratively used to screen 47 soil samples from 28 fuelling station sites suspected of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) contamination. The PIDs and FIDs achieved high accuracy in screening sites contaminated by gasoline (TPHC6-C9); the test kits yielded high accuracy in screening those contaminated by diesel fuel (TPHC10-C40), as well as high correlation with laboratory analysis. Regression analyses showed high coefficients of determination (R2), reaching up to 0.819 (PIDs versus TPHC6-C9), 0.788 (FIDs versus TPHC6-C9), and 0.653 (test kits versus TPHC10-C40). The integration of PIDs, FIDs, and test kits with laboratory analysis can significantly increase the efficiency and accuracy of soil contamination investigations. We suggest that the application of turbidimetric test kits to screen potential oil-contaminated fuelling station sites can produce accurate assessment results.","PeriodicalId":13984,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environmental Technology and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2019-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44418919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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