Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107263
Merete Ellingjord-Dale, Anders Benteson Nygaard, Nathalie C Støer, Ragnhild Bø, Nils Inge Landrø, Sonja Hjellegjerde Brunvoll, Mette Istre, Karl Trygve Kalleberg, John Arne Dahl, Linda Geng, Kostas Tsilidis, Elio Riboli, Giske Ursin, Arne Søraas
Objectives: There is a lack of large studies on long-COVID symptoms with symptoms measurements before the onset of COVID-19. Therefore, long-COVID is still poorly defined.
Methods: The Norwegian COVID-19 Cohort Study is a population-based, open cohort of adult participants (aged 18-96 years) from Norway. From March 27, 2020, participants were recruited through social media, invitations, and nationwide media coverage. Fourteen somatic and cognitive symptoms were assessed at baseline and four follow-ups for up to 22 months. SARS-CoV-2 test status was obtained from a mandatory national registry or from self-report.
Results: After follow-up, 15 737 participants had a SARS-CoV-2-positive test, 67 305 had a negative test, and 37 563 were still untested. Persistent symptoms reported more frequently by positive compared with negative participants one month after infection, were memory problems (3-6 months: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 6.8, CI = 5.7-8.1; >18 months: aOR = 9.4, CI = 4.1-22), and concentration problems (3-6 months: aOR = 4.1, CI = 3.5-4.7; >18 months: aOR = 4.4, CI = 2.0-9.7) as well fatigue, dyspnea, anosmia and dysgeusia.
Conclusions: COVID-19 was associated with cognitive symptoms, anosmia, dysgeusia, dyspnea, and fatigue as well as worsening of overall health up to 22 months after a SARS-CoV-2 test, even when correcting for symptoms before the onset of COVID-19.
{"title":"Temporal trajectories of long-COVID symptoms in adults with 22 months follow-up in a prospective cohort study in Norway.","authors":"Merete Ellingjord-Dale, Anders Benteson Nygaard, Nathalie C Støer, Ragnhild Bø, Nils Inge Landrø, Sonja Hjellegjerde Brunvoll, Mette Istre, Karl Trygve Kalleberg, John Arne Dahl, Linda Geng, Kostas Tsilidis, Elio Riboli, Giske Ursin, Arne Søraas","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>There is a lack of large studies on long-COVID symptoms with symptoms measurements before the onset of COVID-19. Therefore, long-COVID is still poorly defined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Norwegian COVID-19 Cohort Study is a population-based, open cohort of adult participants (aged 18-96 years) from Norway. From March 27, 2020, participants were recruited through social media, invitations, and nationwide media coverage. Fourteen somatic and cognitive symptoms were assessed at baseline and four follow-ups for up to 22 months. SARS-CoV-2 test status was obtained from a mandatory national registry or from self-report.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After follow-up, 15 737 participants had a SARS-CoV-2-positive test, 67 305 had a negative test, and 37 563 were still untested. Persistent symptoms reported more frequently by positive compared with negative participants one month after infection, were memory problems (3-6 months: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 6.8, CI = 5.7-8.1; >18 months: aOR = 9.4, CI = 4.1-22), and concentration problems (3-6 months: aOR = 4.1, CI = 3.5-4.7; >18 months: aOR = 4.4, CI = 2.0-9.7) as well fatigue, dyspnea, anosmia and dysgeusia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>COVID-19 was associated with cognitive symptoms, anosmia, dysgeusia, dyspnea, and fatigue as well as worsening of overall health up to 22 months after a SARS-CoV-2 test, even when correcting for symptoms before the onset of COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142464664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107269
Quan Zou, Yu Xie, Li Zhang, Qiuhong Wu, Hailing Ye, Yi Ding, Weiying Chen, Lishan Tian, Jun Yuan, Tao Zhang, Xiaojing Zheng, Weiming Tang, Xiangsheng Chen, Wenjie Dai, Zhenzhou Luo
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with the spontaneous clearance of Chlamydia trachomatis, a phenomenon that, despite a growing body of literature, remains understudied in the context of women in China.
Methods: Spontaneous clearance was defined as the transition from a positive to negative Chlamydia status over time without the use of antichlamydial therapy. Data from 5935 women aged 18 years and older who participated in the Clinical-Based Health Check program were analyzed. Eligible participants had no history of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection, pelvic inflammatory disease, recent antibiotic use, or pregnancy and had an interval between the screening and follow-up visits of more than 3 days. Logistic regression was used to identify factors influencing spontaneous clearance.
Results: Spontaneous clearance occurred in 23.9% (50/209) of the participants, typically with a median interval of 27 days. Significant factors included an interval >45 days, an age >35 years, the use of an intrauterine device (IUD), and the presence of clue cells.
Conclusion: Spontaneous clearance of C. trachomatis is significantly affected by age, the interval between two tests, IUD use, and the presence of clue cells. Screening strategies should prioritize women under 35 years of age who do not use IUDs and test negative for clue cells for more effective chlamydia prevention and management.
{"title":"Spontaneous clearance of Chlamydia trachomatis and its associated factors among women attending screening for chlamydia in Shenzhen, China.","authors":"Quan Zou, Yu Xie, Li Zhang, Qiuhong Wu, Hailing Ye, Yi Ding, Weiying Chen, Lishan Tian, Jun Yuan, Tao Zhang, Xiaojing Zheng, Weiming Tang, Xiangsheng Chen, Wenjie Dai, Zhenzhou Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with the spontaneous clearance of Chlamydia trachomatis, a phenomenon that, despite a growing body of literature, remains understudied in the context of women in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Spontaneous clearance was defined as the transition from a positive to negative Chlamydia status over time without the use of antichlamydial therapy. Data from 5935 women aged 18 years and older who participated in the Clinical-Based Health Check program were analyzed. Eligible participants had no history of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection, pelvic inflammatory disease, recent antibiotic use, or pregnancy and had an interval between the screening and follow-up visits of more than 3 days. Logistic regression was used to identify factors influencing spontaneous clearance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Spontaneous clearance occurred in 23.9% (50/209) of the participants, typically with a median interval of 27 days. Significant factors included an interval >45 days, an age >35 years, the use of an intrauterine device (IUD), and the presence of clue cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Spontaneous clearance of C. trachomatis is significantly affected by age, the interval between two tests, IUD use, and the presence of clue cells. Screening strategies should prioritize women under 35 years of age who do not use IUDs and test negative for clue cells for more effective chlamydia prevention and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142464663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107258
Paula Tesine, Sze-Ann Woon, Moses Laman, Gumul Yadi, Phantica Yambo, Bernadine Kasian, Lina Lorry, Leanne J Robinson, Sam Salman, Kevin T Batty, William Pomat, Laurens Manning, Wendy A Davis, Timothy M E Davis, Brioni R Moore
Objectives: Although the incidence of malaria is increased in women in endemic areas after delivery compared to non-pregnant women, no studies have assessed the benefit of presumptive antimalarial treatment given postpartum.
Methods: A randomised controlled trial investigating the efficacy of antimalarial treatment in preventing postpartum malaria was performed in healthy Papua New Guinea mothers immediately following delivery. Participants were randomised 1:1 to no treatment (n = 90) or artemisinin combination therapy (ACT), with further 1:1 ACT randomisation to artemether-lumefantrine (AL; n = 45) or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP; n = 45). Standardised reviews were conducted monthly for 6 months, including clinical assessment, malaria screening and haemoglobin measurement. The primary endpoint was incidence of slide-positive malaria within 6 months of delivery.
Results: Of 183 recruited participants, 151 completed study procedures and were included in per-protocol analyses (no treatment n = 71, AL n = 40, DP, n = 40). Those allocated to ACT were significantly less likely to develop slide-positive malaria during the 6-month follow-up period compared to those who were untreated (n = 17 (21%) vs n = 27 (38%); P = 0.016; hazard ratio 0.49 (95% confidence intervals 0.27-0.90). There was no significant difference in malaria incidence between the two ACT groups.
Conclusion: A treatment course of ACT at time of delivery halved the incidence of malaria infection during the first 6-month postpartum.
{"title":"Artemisinin combination therapy at delivery to prevent postpartum malaria: A randomised open-label controlled trial.","authors":"Paula Tesine, Sze-Ann Woon, Moses Laman, Gumul Yadi, Phantica Yambo, Bernadine Kasian, Lina Lorry, Leanne J Robinson, Sam Salman, Kevin T Batty, William Pomat, Laurens Manning, Wendy A Davis, Timothy M E Davis, Brioni R Moore","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Although the incidence of malaria is increased in women in endemic areas after delivery compared to non-pregnant women, no studies have assessed the benefit of presumptive antimalarial treatment given postpartum.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomised controlled trial investigating the efficacy of antimalarial treatment in preventing postpartum malaria was performed in healthy Papua New Guinea mothers immediately following delivery. Participants were randomised 1:1 to no treatment (n = 90) or artemisinin combination therapy (ACT), with further 1:1 ACT randomisation to artemether-lumefantrine (AL; n = 45) or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP; n = 45). Standardised reviews were conducted monthly for 6 months, including clinical assessment, malaria screening and haemoglobin measurement. The primary endpoint was incidence of slide-positive malaria within 6 months of delivery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 183 recruited participants, 151 completed study procedures and were included in per-protocol analyses (no treatment n = 71, AL n = 40, DP, n = 40). Those allocated to ACT were significantly less likely to develop slide-positive malaria during the 6-month follow-up period compared to those who were untreated (n = 17 (21%) vs n = 27 (38%); P = 0.016; hazard ratio 0.49 (95% confidence intervals 0.27-0.90). There was no significant difference in malaria incidence between the two ACT groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A treatment course of ACT at time of delivery halved the incidence of malaria infection during the first 6-month postpartum.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142464646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107260
Ashley L Fowlkes, Alon Peretz, David Greenberg, Avital Hirsch, Emily T Martin, Min Z Levine, Laura Edwards, Sarah Radke, Adam S Lauring, Jill M Ferdinands, Chao Zhang, Young M Yoo, Jacob Dreiher, Gabriella Newes-Adeyi, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Alicia M Fry, Arnold S Monto, Ran Balicer, Mark G Thompson, Mark A Katz
Objectives: Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine effectiveness was low in a prospective cohort of healthcare personnel (HCP) in Israel from 2016 to 2019. We conducted a randomised immunogenicity trial of quadrivalent recombinant influenza vaccine (RIV4) and standard-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4) among frequently and infrequently vaccinated previous cohort participants.
Methods: From October 2019 to January 2020, we enrolled and randomly allocated HCP from two Israeli hospitals to receive IIV4 or RIV4. Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody titres against 2019-2020 vaccine reference influenza viruses were compared between vaccine groups using geometric mean titre (GMT) ratios from sera collected one-month post-vaccination and by frequency of vaccination in the past 5 years (>2 vs ≤2).
Results: Among 415 HCP, the GMT ratio comparing RIV4 to IIV4 was 2.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-2.7) for A(H1N1)pdm09, 1.6 (95% CI: 1.3-1.9) for A(H3N2), 1.8 (95% CI: 1.4-2.2) for B(Yamagata), and 1.1 (95% CI: 0.9-1.4) for B(Victoria). Similarly, RIV4 elicited higher HAI titres than IIV4 against all 2019-2020 vaccine reference viruses except B(Victoria) among infrequently and frequently vaccinated HCP (lower bound of GMT ratio 95% CIs ≥1.0).
Conclusion: RIV4 had improved immunogenicity for influenza vaccine strains among both infrequent and frequent vaccinees compared to standard-dose IIV4.
{"title":"Randomised immunogenicity trial comparing 2019-2020 recombinant and egg-based influenza vaccines among frequently vaccinated healthcare personnel in Israel.","authors":"Ashley L Fowlkes, Alon Peretz, David Greenberg, Avital Hirsch, Emily T Martin, Min Z Levine, Laura Edwards, Sarah Radke, Adam S Lauring, Jill M Ferdinands, Chao Zhang, Young M Yoo, Jacob Dreiher, Gabriella Newes-Adeyi, Eduardo Azziz-Baumgartner, Alicia M Fry, Arnold S Monto, Ran Balicer, Mark G Thompson, Mark A Katz","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine effectiveness was low in a prospective cohort of healthcare personnel (HCP) in Israel from 2016 to 2019. We conducted a randomised immunogenicity trial of quadrivalent recombinant influenza vaccine (RIV4) and standard-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4) among frequently and infrequently vaccinated previous cohort participants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From October 2019 to January 2020, we enrolled and randomly allocated HCP from two Israeli hospitals to receive IIV4 or RIV4. Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody titres against 2019-2020 vaccine reference influenza viruses were compared between vaccine groups using geometric mean titre (GMT) ratios from sera collected one-month post-vaccination and by frequency of vaccination in the past 5 years (>2 vs ≤2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 415 HCP, the GMT ratio comparing RIV4 to IIV4 was 2.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-2.7) for A(H1N1)pdm09, 1.6 (95% CI: 1.3-1.9) for A(H3N2), 1.8 (95% CI: 1.4-2.2) for B(Yamagata), and 1.1 (95% CI: 0.9-1.4) for B(Victoria). Similarly, RIV4 elicited higher HAI titres than IIV4 against all 2019-2020 vaccine reference viruses except B(Victoria) among infrequently and frequently vaccinated HCP (lower bound of GMT ratio 95% CIs ≥1.0).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RIV4 had improved immunogenicity for influenza vaccine strains among both infrequent and frequent vaccinees compared to standard-dose IIV4.</p><p><strong>Clinical trials registration: </strong>NCT04523324.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142464661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107265
Marta Colaneri, Federico Fama, Federico Fassio, Darcy Holmes, Giovanni Scaglione, Chiara Mariani, Lucia Galli, Alessia Lai, Spinello Antinori, Andrea Gori, Agostino Riva, Monica Schiavini
Background: Effective treatments for COVID-19 are needed to mitigate disease progression and reduce the burden on healthcare systems. This study investigates the impact of early treatments on SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding duration among high-risk individuals with mild symptoms.
Methods: A single-center, retrospective observational study was conducted at Luigi Sacco Hospital in Milan from December 2021 to March 2023. Hospitalized and nonhospitalized adults with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and at high-risk of disease progression were enrolled. Unadjusted and adjusted negative binomial regression models and a Random Forest regression model were performed before and after matching subjects based on their propensity of being treated or not.
Results: Results from 518 subjects (428 treated and 90 untreated) revealed a significant reduction in SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding duration among those who received early treatment compared to untreated individuals. Propensity score matching and multivariable regression analyses confirmed this finding. Early treatment significantly reduced the risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization and pneumonia development. Subgroup analysis identified COPD as a potential factor influencing effectiveness of early treatments.
Conclusions: Early treatments play a crucial role in reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding and preventing disease progression among high-risk individuals. Shorter viral shedding duration also contributes to improved healthcare resource utilization and infection control measures.
{"title":"Impact of early antiviral therapy on SARS-CoV-2 clearance time in high-risk COVID-19 subjects: A propensity score matching study.","authors":"Marta Colaneri, Federico Fama, Federico Fassio, Darcy Holmes, Giovanni Scaglione, Chiara Mariani, Lucia Galli, Alessia Lai, Spinello Antinori, Andrea Gori, Agostino Riva, Monica Schiavini","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Effective treatments for COVID-19 are needed to mitigate disease progression and reduce the burden on healthcare systems. This study investigates the impact of early treatments on SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding duration among high-risk individuals with mild symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-center, retrospective observational study was conducted at Luigi Sacco Hospital in Milan from December 2021 to March 2023. Hospitalized and nonhospitalized adults with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and at high-risk of disease progression were enrolled. Unadjusted and adjusted negative binomial regression models and a Random Forest regression model were performed before and after matching subjects based on their propensity of being treated or not.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results from 518 subjects (428 treated and 90 untreated) revealed a significant reduction in SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding duration among those who received early treatment compared to untreated individuals. Propensity score matching and multivariable regression analyses confirmed this finding. Early treatment significantly reduced the risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization and pneumonia development. Subgroup analysis identified COPD as a potential factor influencing effectiveness of early treatments.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early treatments play a crucial role in reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding and preventing disease progression among high-risk individuals. Shorter viral shedding duration also contributes to improved healthcare resource utilization and infection control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142406361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107259
Xiao Ma, Xing-Yu Li, Jia-Wei Liu
Objectives
This systematic review aims to (1) summarize the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections following cosmetic procedures; (2) summarize the frequency of pathogenic NTM species; and (3) review and analyze the antibiotics choice as well as treatment outcomes.
Methods
We conducted a systematic search of three electronic databases (Scopus, Embase, and PubMed) from inception to March 31, 2024. We presented demographic and clinical features and the main antibiotic strategy, along with etiological information.
Results
A total of 200 patients were included in the analysis, with a median onset age of 38.0 years. The median latency period before the illness was 28 days. Nodules were the most frequently reported type of lesion, occurring in 31.0% (n = 62/200) of cases. Mycobacterium abscessus was the most commonly found NTM (45%). Clarithromycin was the most commonly applied (64.0%, n = 128/200), followed by amikacin (31.0%, n = 62/200). The median treatment duration was 6 months (0.25, 24). The overall treatment effectiveness rate was 97.4% (n = 148/152).
Conclusion
NTM infections caused by cosmetic procedures are rapidly increasing worldwide and present diagnostic and treatment challenges. Dermatologists and aesthetic practitioners should be aware of this relatively uncommon disease. Further research is needed to standardize management algorithms.
{"title":"Demographic and clinical features of nontuberculous mycobacteria infection resulting from cosmetic procedures: a systematic review","authors":"Xiao Ma, Xing-Yu Li, Jia-Wei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This systematic review aims to (1) summarize the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections following cosmetic procedures; (2) summarize the frequency of pathogenic NTM species; and (3) review and analyze the antibiotics choice as well as treatment outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a systematic search of three electronic databases (Scopus, Embase, and PubMed) from inception to March 31, 2024. We presented demographic and clinical features and the main antibiotic strategy, along with etiological information.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 200 patients were included in the analysis, with a median onset age of 38.0 years. The median latency period before the illness was 28 days. Nodules were the most frequently reported type of lesion, occurring in 31.0% (<em>n</em> = 62/200) of cases. <em>Mycobacterium abscessus</em> was the most commonly found NTM (45%). Clarithromycin was the most commonly applied (64.0%, <em>n</em> = 128/200), followed by amikacin (31.0%, <em>n</em> = 62/200). The median treatment duration was 6 months (0.25, 24). The overall treatment effectiveness rate was 97.4% (<em>n</em> = 148/152).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>NTM infections caused by cosmetic procedures are rapidly increasing worldwide and present diagnostic and treatment challenges. Dermatologists and aesthetic practitioners should be aware of this relatively uncommon disease. Further research is needed to standardize management algorithms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142464647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107262
Eleonora Cella , Vagner Fonseca , Francesco Branda , Stephane Tosta , Keldenn Moreno , Gabriel Schuab , Sobur Ali , Svetoslav Nanev Slavov , Fabio Scarpa , Luciane Amorim Santos , Simone Kashima , Eduan Wilkinson , Houriiyah Tegally , Carla Mavian , Alessandra Borsetti , Francesca Caccuri , Marco Salemi , Tulio de Oliveira , Taj Azarian , Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis , Marta Giovanetti
Background
Italy was significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, experiencing multiple waves of infection following the sequential emergence of new variants. Understanding the transmission patterns and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 is vital for future preparedness.
Methods
We conducted an analysis of viral genome sequences, integrating epidemiological and phylodynamic approaches, to characterize how SARS-CoV-2 variants have spread within the country.
Results
Our findings indicate bidirectional international transmission, with Italy transitioning between importing and exporting the virus. Italy experienced four distinct epidemic waves, each associated with a significant reduction in fatalities from 2021 to 2023. These waves were primarily driven by the emergence of VOCs such as Alpha, Delta, and Omicron, which were reflected in observed transmission dynamics and effectiveness of public health measures.
Conclusions
The changing patterns of viral spread and variant prevalence throughout Italy's pandemic response underscore the continued importance of flexible public health strategies and genomic surveillance, both of which are crucial for tracking the evolution of variants and adapting control measures effectively to ensure preparedness for future outbreaks.
{"title":"Integrated analyses of the transmission history of SARS-CoV-2 and its association with molecular evolution of the virus underlining the pandemic outbreaks in Italy, 2019-2023","authors":"Eleonora Cella , Vagner Fonseca , Francesco Branda , Stephane Tosta , Keldenn Moreno , Gabriel Schuab , Sobur Ali , Svetoslav Nanev Slavov , Fabio Scarpa , Luciane Amorim Santos , Simone Kashima , Eduan Wilkinson , Houriiyah Tegally , Carla Mavian , Alessandra Borsetti , Francesca Caccuri , Marco Salemi , Tulio de Oliveira , Taj Azarian , Ana Maria Bispo de Filippis , Marta Giovanetti","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Italy was significantly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, experiencing multiple waves of infection following the sequential emergence of new variants. Understanding the transmission patterns and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 is vital for future preparedness.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted an analysis of viral genome sequences, integrating epidemiological and phylodynamic approaches, to characterize how SARS-CoV-2 variants have spread within the country.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our findings indicate bidirectional international transmission, with Italy transitioning between importing and exporting the virus. Italy experienced four distinct epidemic waves, each associated with a significant reduction in fatalities from 2021 to 2023. These waves were primarily driven by the emergence of VOCs such as Alpha, Delta, and Omicron, which were reflected in observed transmission dynamics and effectiveness of public health measures.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The changing patterns of viral spread and variant prevalence throughout Italy's pandemic response underscore the continued importance of flexible public health strategies and genomic surveillance, both of which are crucial for tracking the evolution of variants and adapting control measures effectively to ensure preparedness for future outbreaks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107256
Lama Jaber , Corinne Levy , Naïm Ouldali , Emmanuelle Varon , Muhamed-Kheir Taha , Stéphane Bonacorsi , Stéphane Béchet , François Angoulvant , Robert Cohen , Alexis Rybak , French Pediatric Meningitis Network
Objectives
We aimed to describe cases of acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) without cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis and the clinical and biological characteristics of affected children.
Methods
We analyzed results of a nation-wide population-based prospective surveillance study of acute ABM in children aged 3 months to 15 years in France. Absence of CSF pleocytosis was defined as CSF leukocyte count ≤5/mm3.
Results
We included 4754 cases of acute ABM from 2001 to 2022: 173 patients (3.6%) did not have CSF pleocytosis. ABM cases without CSF pleocytosis were mainly related to meningococcus (70% vs 44% with CSF pleocytosis, P <0.001). When performed in CSF with normal leukocyte count, Gram staining results were positive for 33%, culture for 80%, polymerase chain reaction results for 41%, and antigen detection for 20% of cases. Case fatality rate was higher for cases without than those with CSF pleocytosis (18% vs 6%, P <0.001). On multivariate analysis, absence of CSF pleocytosis was associated only with seizures before hospital arrival (adjusted odds ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.2-4.6, P <0.01).
Conclusions
ABM without CSF pleocytosis is infrequent but not exceptional, particularly in children with seizures before hospital arrival. Extended vaccination against meningococcus could prevent this clinical form with a high case fatality rate.
{"title":"Acute bacterial meningitis without cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis in children: results from a nationwide prospective surveillance system between 2001 and 2022","authors":"Lama Jaber , Corinne Levy , Naïm Ouldali , Emmanuelle Varon , Muhamed-Kheir Taha , Stéphane Bonacorsi , Stéphane Béchet , François Angoulvant , Robert Cohen , Alexis Rybak , French Pediatric Meningitis Network","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>We aimed to describe cases of acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) without cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis and the clinical and biological characteristics of affected children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed results of a nation-wide population-based prospective surveillance study of acute ABM in children aged 3 months to 15 years in France. Absence of CSF pleocytosis was defined as CSF leukocyte count ≤5/mm<sup>3</sup>.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included 4754 cases of acute ABM from 2001 to 2022: 173 patients (3.6%) did not have CSF pleocytosis. ABM cases without CSF pleocytosis were mainly related to meningococcus (70% vs 44% with CSF pleocytosis, <em>P</em> <0.001). When performed in CSF with normal leukocyte count, Gram staining results were positive for 33%, culture for 80%, polymerase chain reaction results for 41%, and antigen detection for 20% of cases. Case fatality rate was higher for cases without than those with CSF pleocytosis (18% vs 6%, <em>P</em> <0.001). On multivariate analysis, absence of CSF pleocytosis was associated only with seizures before hospital arrival (adjusted odds ratio 2.3, 95% confidence interval 1.2-4.6, <em>P</em> <0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>ABM without CSF pleocytosis is infrequent but not exceptional, particularly in children with seizures before hospital arrival. Extended vaccination against meningococcus could prevent this clinical form with a high case fatality rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107257
Stephanie J.M. Middelkoop , Robert Keekstra , L․Joost van Pelt , Greetje A. Kampinga , Anneke C. Muller Kobold , Jan C. ter Maaten , Coen A. Stegeman
Objectives
This study aimed to assess the usefulness of plasma procalcitonin and urine IL-8 (interleukin-8), NGAL (neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin), and calprotectin for diagnosis of urinary tract infections (UTIs) at the emergency department (ED).
Methods
In adults presenting at the ED with UTI suspicion, biomarker performance was compared with that of routine diagnostics (urine dipstick, automated urinalysis). Patients with a urine catheter, leukopenia, or neither (standard) were analyzed separately.
Results
A UTI was clinically diagnosed in 91 of 196 episodes (46.4%) (standard: 29/67 [43.2%]; catheter: 46/73 [63.0%]; leukopenia: 17/60 [28.3%]; four patients had both). Procalcitonin did not discriminate between UTI and no UTI. Urinary biomarker levels were elevated in UTI episodes (median, µg/mmol creatinine: NGAL, 7.8 vs 46.3; IL-8, 6.1 vs 76.6; calprotectin, 23.9 vs 265.4); the three subgroups also had higher levels. Biomarker cut-off values (90% sensitivity) showed low specificity (range 20.8-64.9%) and moderate accuracy (58.6-75.4%). The biomarkers performed similarly to routine diagnostics, except for patients with leukopenia, who exhibited nonsignificantly higher area under the curve values. All urinary biomarkers correlated positively with urine leukocyte count.
Conclusion
Plasma procalcitonin could not accurately diagnose UTI. Urine IL-8, NGAL, and calprotectin showed no additional value relative to routine diagnostics, except a minor improvement in patients with leukopenia. These urine biomarkers seem to predominantly reflect leukocyturia.
目的评估血浆降钙素原和尿液中白细胞介素-8（IL-8）、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂联素（NGAL）和钙黏蛋白对急诊科（ED）诊断尿路感染（UTI）的作用：方法：在急诊科就诊的疑似UTI成人中，将生物标记物的性能与常规诊断（尿液浸量尺、自动尿液分析仪）进行比较。对使用导尿管、白细胞减少或两者都没有（标准）的患者分别进行分析：临床诊断为尿毒症的有 91/196 例（46.4%）；标准：29/67 例（43.2%），导尿管 46/73 例（63.0%），白细胞减少 17/60 例（28.3%）（4 例同时患有两种疾病）。降钙素原不能区分尿毒症和非尿毒症。尿毒症患者的尿液生物标志物水平升高（中位数，微克/毫摩尔肌酐）：NGAL 7.8 vs. 46.3，IL-8 6.1 vs. 76.6，钙蛋白 23.9 vs. 265.4；三个亚组的水平也较高。生物标志物的临界值（灵敏度为 90%）显示出较低的特异性（范围为 20.8%-64.9%）和中等的准确性（58.6%-75.4%）。除白细胞减少症患者的 AUC 值明显较高外，其他生物标记物的表现与常规诊断结果相当。所有尿液生物标记物均与尿白细胞计数呈正相关：结论：血浆降钙素原不能准确诊断尿毒症。尿液中的 IL-8、NGAL 和 calprotectin 对常规诊断没有额外价值，只是在白细胞减少的患者中略有改善。这些尿液生物标志物似乎主要反映白细胞尿。
{"title":"Plasma procalcitonin and urine interleukin-8, neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin, and calprotectin in the diagnostic process of a urinary tract infection at the emergency department","authors":"Stephanie J.M. Middelkoop , Robert Keekstra , L․Joost van Pelt , Greetje A. Kampinga , Anneke C. Muller Kobold , Jan C. ter Maaten , Coen A. Stegeman","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the usefulness of plasma procalcitonin and urine IL-8 (interleukin-8), NGAL (neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin), and calprotectin for diagnosis of urinary tract infections (UTIs) at the emergency department (ED).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In adults presenting at the ED with UTI suspicion, biomarker performance was compared with that of routine diagnostics (urine dipstick, automated urinalysis). Patients with a urine catheter, leukopenia, or neither (standard) were analyzed separately.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A UTI was clinically diagnosed in 91 of 196 episodes (46.4%) (standard: 29/67 [43.2%]; catheter: 46/73 [63.0%]; leukopenia: 17/60 [28.3%]; four patients had both). Procalcitonin did not discriminate between UTI and no UTI. Urinary biomarker levels were elevated in UTI episodes (median, µg/mmol creatinine: NGAL, 7.8 vs 46.3; IL-8, 6.1 vs 76.6; calprotectin, 23.9 vs 265.4); the three subgroups also had higher levels. Biomarker cut-off values (90% sensitivity) showed low specificity (range 20.8-64.9%) and moderate accuracy (58.6-75.4%). The biomarkers performed similarly to routine diagnostics, except for patients with leukopenia, who exhibited nonsignificantly higher area under the curve values. All urinary biomarkers correlated positively with urine leukocyte count.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Plasma procalcitonin could not accurately diagnose UTI. Urine IL-8, NGAL, and calprotectin showed no additional value relative to routine diagnostics, except a minor improvement in patients with leukopenia. These urine biomarkers seem to predominantly reflect leukocyturia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107253
Jacob Gerstenberg , Yabo J. Honkpehedji , Jean-Claude Dejon-Agobe , Saidou Mahmoudou , Mario Recker , Romuald Beh Mba , Moustapha Nzamba Maloum , Romeo Laclong Lontchi , Paul A. Nguema Moure , Brice Meulah , Jeannot F. Zinsou , Jean-Ronald Edoa , Bayode R. Adegbite , Michael Ramharter , Bertrand Lell , Selidji T. Agnandji , Peter G. Kremsner , Paul L.A.M. Corstjens , Pytsje T. Hoekstra , Govert J. van Dam , Ayola A. Adegnika
Objectives
Despite evidence of praziquantel's (PZQ) safety for treating schistosomiasis in pregnancy, many countries withhold treatment. Only two randomized controlled trials have investigated PZQ in pregnancy, none involving Schistosoma haematobium.
Methods
Pregnant women during the second trimester in Lambaréné (Gabon) were screened for S. haematobium infection using urine microscopy and circulating anodic antigen detection. Participants positive for either test were randomized (3:1) to single-dose PZQ 40 mg/kg during pregnancy versus no treatment during pregnancy. Investigators were blinded for allocation. Primary outcomes were reduction of egg (egg reduction rate [ERR]) and antigen production (infection reduction rate [IRR]) while explorative outcomes included assessment of cure rate, adverse events, maternal hemoglobin levels, maternal anemia prevalence at delivery, pregnancy outcomes, and newborn anthropometric parameters.
Results
Of 761 women screened 165 were eligible and randomized (intervention n = 124, control n = 41). Of them, 124 completed the study (n = 90 and n = 34, respectively). Treatment led to a significantly higher ERR (95.0% [91-97%] vs 27.0% [−42-63%]) and IRR (95% [91-97%] vs 56% [14-78%]). Common adverse events were dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Maternal anemia at delivery was significantly lower in the intervention group (odds ratio: 0.40 [0.16;0.96], P = 0.04). No increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes was observed.
Conclusions
This first randomized controlled trial investigating PZQ in pregnant women with S. haematobium found PZQ to be safe, effective, and reducing maternal anemia. We recommend treating confirmed infections to prevent morbidity in pregnant women.
目的：尽管有证据表明吡喹酮治疗妊娠期血吸虫病是安全的，但许多国家仍拒绝治疗。只有两项随机对照试验研究了吡喹酮对妊娠期血吸虫病的治疗效果，其中没有一项涉及血吸虫：方法：使用尿液显微镜和循环阳离子抗原检测法对加蓬兰巴雷内地区怀孕后三个月的孕妇进行血吸虫感染筛查。对两种检测结果均呈阳性的参与者进行随机分配（3:1），在怀孕期间服用单剂量吡喹酮 40 毫克/千克，或在怀孕期间不服用任何药物。研究人员在分配时均采用盲法。主要结果是减少虫卵（ERR）和抗原产生（IRR），探索性结果包括评估治愈率、不良事件、母体血红蛋白水平、分娩时母体贫血发生率、妊娠结局和新生儿人体测量参数：在接受筛查的 761 名妇女中，有 165 人符合条件并被随机选中（干预组 n=124，对照组 n=41）。124 人完成了研究（分别为 90 人和 34 人）。扭转疗法显著提高了 ERR（95.0%[91%-97%] vs. 27.0%[-42%-63%]）和 IRR（95%[91%-97%] vs. 56%[14%-78%]）。常见的不良反应有头晕、恶心和呕吐。干预组产妇分娩时贫血的发生率明显降低（OR:0.40[0.16;0.96],P=0.04）。没有观察到不良妊娠结局的风险增加：这项首次研究吡喹酮治疗血吸虫孕妇的随机对照试验发现，吡喹酮安全、有效，并能减少孕妇贫血。我们建议对确诊的感染进行治疗，以防止孕妇发病。
{"title":"Safety and efficacy of praziquantel in pregnant women infected with Schistosoma haematobium in Lambaréné, Gabon – Clinical results from the randomized, single-blinded, controlled freeBILy-Gabon trial","authors":"Jacob Gerstenberg , Yabo J. Honkpehedji , Jean-Claude Dejon-Agobe , Saidou Mahmoudou , Mario Recker , Romuald Beh Mba , Moustapha Nzamba Maloum , Romeo Laclong Lontchi , Paul A. Nguema Moure , Brice Meulah , Jeannot F. Zinsou , Jean-Ronald Edoa , Bayode R. Adegbite , Michael Ramharter , Bertrand Lell , Selidji T. Agnandji , Peter G. Kremsner , Paul L.A.M. Corstjens , Pytsje T. Hoekstra , Govert J. van Dam , Ayola A. Adegnika","doi":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijid.2024.107253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Despite evidence of praziquantel's (PZQ) safety for treating schistosomiasis in pregnancy, many countries withhold treatment. Only two randomized controlled trials have investigated PZQ in pregnancy, none involving <em>Schistosoma haematobium</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Pregnant women during the second trimester in Lambaréné (Gabon) were screened for <em>S. haematobium</em> infection using urine microscopy and circulating anodic antigen detection. Participants positive for either test were randomized (3:1) to single-dose PZQ 40 mg/kg during pregnancy versus no treatment during pregnancy. Investigators were blinded for allocation. Primary outcomes were reduction of egg (egg reduction rate [ERR]) and antigen production (infection reduction rate [IRR]) while explorative outcomes included assessment of cure rate, adverse events, maternal hemoglobin levels, maternal anemia prevalence at delivery, pregnancy outcomes, and newborn anthropometric parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 761 women screened 165 were eligible and randomized (intervention n = 124, control n = 41). Of them, 124 completed the study (n = 90 and n = 34, respectively). Treatment led to a significantly higher ERR (95.0% [91-97%] vs 27.0% [−42-63%]) and IRR (95% [91-97%] vs 56% [14-78%]). Common adverse events were dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Maternal anemia at delivery was significantly lower in the intervention group (odds ratio: 0.40 [0.16;0.96], <em>P</em> = 0.04). No increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes was observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This first randomized controlled trial investigating PZQ in pregnant women with <em>S. haematobium</em> found PZQ to be safe, effective, and reducing maternal anemia. We recommend treating confirmed infections to prevent morbidity in pregnant women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14006,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142377911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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