Pub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i07/1914
Duaa Alkahlout, Rawan Alzraiy, Samar Abu Ghorab, Eman Ebaid, Meran Abu Sultan
Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. This study assesses adherence to Palestinian guidelines for the active management of the third stage of labor to prevent PPH in the Gaza Strip's Al-Shifa and Nasser Medical Complexes. Methods: A prospective, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted. A convenience sample of 50 parturients who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate was recruited. Data were collected at delivery through close observation of vaginal births. Risk factors for PPH and adherence to active management protocols were documented using standardized checklists and questionnaires. Descriptive statistics summarized the findings, and ethical considerations were strictly adhered to. Results: The mean age of participants was 25.9 years (SD: 5.86). Key risk factors included 66% (33 out of 50) having a BMI above normal, 8% (4 out of 50) not receiving antenatal care, and 48% (24 out of 50) having anemia. Previous obstetric complications were noted: 10% (5 out of 50) had a history of PPH, 16% (8 out of 50) had previous cesarean sections, and 14% (7 out of 50) delivered babies with a birth weight over 4.5 kg. All participants received Oxytocin 10-unit IM or IV with the delivery of the anterior shoulder or immediately after fetal delivery. However, 48% (24 out of 50) did not undergo delayed cord clamping for 1-3 minutes, primarily due to fetal distress. Controlled cord traction and initial uterine massage were performed in all cases, but repeated uterine massage every 15 minutes for the first hour was omitted in 54% (27 out of 50) of cases due to staff shortages. Only 6% (3 out of 50) received Methergine IM due to its unavailability, and 41% (20 out of 50) were not given Oxytocin 40 units. Conclusion: The study identified significant adherence to certain PPH prevention protocols, but highlighted gaps in practice, such as inconsistent delayed cord clamping and repeated uterine massage, primarily due to resource constraints and staffing issues. Addressing these gaps by ensuring the availability of necessary medications, improving staffing levels, and reinforcing adherence to guidelines is crucial for enhancing maternal health outcomes in these settings.
{"title":"Adherence to Palestinian Guidelines in Active Management of the Third Stage of Labor to Prevent Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Study at Shifa and Nasser Medical Complexes in Gaza Strip","authors":"Duaa Alkahlout, Rawan Alzraiy, Samar Abu Ghorab, Eman Ebaid, Meran Abu Sultan","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i07/1914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i07/1914","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. This study assesses adherence to Palestinian guidelines for the active management of the third stage of labor to prevent PPH in the Gaza Strip's Al-Shifa and Nasser Medical Complexes. Methods: A prospective, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted. A convenience sample of 50 parturients who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate was recruited. Data were collected at delivery through close observation of vaginal births. Risk factors for PPH and adherence to active management protocols were documented using standardized checklists and questionnaires. Descriptive statistics summarized the findings, and ethical considerations were strictly adhered to. Results: The mean age of participants was 25.9 years (SD: 5.86). Key risk factors included 66% (33 out of 50) having a BMI above normal, 8% (4 out of 50) not receiving antenatal care, and 48% (24 out of 50) having anemia. Previous obstetric complications were noted: 10% (5 out of 50) had a history of PPH, 16% (8 out of 50) had previous cesarean sections, and 14% (7 out of 50) delivered babies with a birth weight over 4.5 kg. All participants received Oxytocin 10-unit IM or IV with the delivery of the anterior shoulder or immediately after fetal delivery. However, 48% (24 out of 50) did not undergo delayed cord clamping for 1-3 minutes, primarily due to fetal distress. Controlled cord traction and initial uterine massage were performed in all cases, but repeated uterine massage every 15 minutes for the first hour was omitted in 54% (27 out of 50) of cases due to staff shortages. Only 6% (3 out of 50) received Methergine IM due to its unavailability, and 41% (20 out of 50) were not given Oxytocin 40 units. Conclusion: The study identified significant adherence to certain PPH prevention protocols, but highlighted gaps in practice, such as inconsistent delayed cord clamping and repeated uterine massage, primarily due to resource constraints and staffing issues. Addressing these gaps by ensuring the availability of necessary medications, improving staffing levels, and reinforcing adherence to guidelines is crucial for enhancing maternal health outcomes in these settings.","PeriodicalId":14008,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science","volume":"20 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i06/1905
Anass El haddaji, F. Elkhettab, A. Zidouh, M. Merbouh, H. Sahraoui, Y. Mouaffek, S. Younous
Blunt thoracic trauma can lead to cardiac injuries such as myocardial contusion and valvular damage, but the occurrence of traumatic ventricular septal rupture is an exceptionally rare complication, especially in infants. We present an unusual case of an infant who sustained a ventricular septal rupture following blunt thoracic trauma, necessitating surgical repair. The proposed mechanism involves acute compression of the infant's heart between the sternum and vertebral column during ventricular filling, leading to a rapid intraventricular pressure spike that may rupture the interventricular septum. Our findings underscore the importance of prompt surgical intervention for large septal defects and hemodynamic instability arising from such traumatic cardiac injuries, even in infants. Early recognition and timely operative management are crucial for improved outcomes in these rare but life-threatening pediatric cases. We discuss the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and surgical treatment of this exceptional condition in an infant, contributing to the limited body of knowledge on this topic.
{"title":"Ventricular Septal Defect Following Blunt Chest Trauma in Child: Case Report","authors":"Anass El haddaji, F. Elkhettab, A. Zidouh, M. Merbouh, H. Sahraoui, Y. Mouaffek, S. Younous","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i06/1905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i06/1905","url":null,"abstract":"Blunt thoracic trauma can lead to cardiac injuries such as myocardial contusion and valvular damage, but the occurrence of traumatic ventricular septal rupture is an exceptionally rare complication, especially in infants. We present an unusual case of an infant who sustained a ventricular septal rupture following blunt thoracic trauma, necessitating surgical repair. The proposed mechanism involves acute compression of the infant's heart between the sternum and vertebral column during ventricular filling, leading to a rapid intraventricular pressure spike that may rupture the interventricular septum. Our findings underscore the importance of prompt surgical intervention for large septal defects and hemodynamic instability arising from such traumatic cardiac injuries, even in infants. Early recognition and timely operative management are crucial for improved outcomes in these rare but life-threatening pediatric cases. We discuss the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and surgical treatment of this exceptional condition in an infant, contributing to the limited body of knowledge on this topic.","PeriodicalId":14008,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science","volume":"23 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141385021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i03/1845
Dr. Malay Savalia, Dr. Pravin Parmar, Aditi Singh, Akshat Jain, Saurabh Alwe, Aman Deswal, Amartya Banerjee
Background: Hypertension, a major public health concern worldwide, affects individuals across various professions, including healthcare workers. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension among healthcare staff working at a tertiary care hospital and assess the associated risk factors. Aims and Objectives: To find prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension and its link with various demographic variables among study population. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the tertiary care hospital. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted, including a representative sample of healthcare staff. Data on demographics, lifestyle factors and blood pressure measurements were collected. The prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension was estimated, and significant risk factors were identified. Statistical analysis used: One-way ANOVA test and Chi square test were used to compare different variables. Results: Out of total study participants 38.02% were males and 61.98% were females. Among all the continuous variables included, weight, BMI, waist circumference and systolic BP and diastolic BP showed significant association. Among all the non- continuous variables included, monthly family income, place of residence, education, post in current occupation, use of extra salt in diet and habit of doing regular exercise showed significant association. Conclusions: The study showed age, weight, BMI, waist circumference, place of residence, education, post at workplace, monthly family income, use of extra salt in diet and habit of exercise were strongly associated with blood pressure and were better potential predictors of risk for hypertension and prehypertension than the other indices tested.
{"title":"Heart Health at the Frontline: A Study on Hypertension and Prehypertension involving Healthcare Staff of a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Dr. Malay Savalia, Dr. Pravin Parmar, Aditi Singh, Akshat Jain, Saurabh Alwe, Aman Deswal, Amartya Banerjee","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i03/1845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i03/1845","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypertension, a major public health concern worldwide, affects individuals across various professions, including healthcare workers. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension among healthcare staff working at a tertiary care hospital and assess the associated risk factors. Aims and Objectives: To find prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension and its link with various demographic variables among study population. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the tertiary care hospital. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted, including a representative sample of healthcare staff. Data on demographics, lifestyle factors and blood pressure measurements were collected. The prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension was estimated, and significant risk factors were identified. Statistical analysis used: One-way ANOVA test and Chi square test were used to compare different variables. Results: Out of total study participants 38.02% were males and 61.98% were females. Among all the continuous variables included, weight, BMI, waist circumference and systolic BP and diastolic BP showed significant association. Among all the non- continuous variables included, monthly family income, place of residence, education, post in current occupation, use of extra salt in diet and habit of doing regular exercise showed significant association. Conclusions: The study showed age, weight, BMI, waist circumference, place of residence, education, post at workplace, monthly family income, use of extra salt in diet and habit of exercise were strongly associated with blood pressure and were better potential predictors of risk for hypertension and prehypertension than the other indices tested.","PeriodicalId":14008,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science","volume":"74 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140223686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i03/1818
Ze Liu, Jinhai Huang, Gao Hui
It described the “ladder distribution” of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) reassortment between Vero cells adaption attenuated strain and wide type-high virulent influenza virus strains by the reverse genetics approach. That gene constellation could save the immunogenicity (imm) of the parental strain and make new reassort virus strain attenuation (att) characteristics for further vaccine using, rapidly, not only seasonal vaccine but also pandemic flu vaccine.
{"title":"Ladder Distribution of LAIV Reassortment between Vero Adaption Attenuated Strain and Wide Type Highly Virulent Influenza Virus Strain","authors":"Ze Liu, Jinhai Huang, Gao Hui","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i03/1818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i03/1818","url":null,"abstract":"It described the “ladder distribution” of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) reassortment between Vero cells adaption attenuated strain and wide type-high virulent influenza virus strains by the reverse genetics approach. That gene constellation could save the immunogenicity (imm) of the parental strain and make new reassort virus strain attenuation (att) characteristics for further vaccine using, rapidly, not only seasonal vaccine but also pandemic flu vaccine.","PeriodicalId":14008,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science","volume":"112 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140223753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i03/1849
Maarja Randväli, Toomas Toomsoo
This systematic review examines the common risk factors associated with cognitive impairment, depression, and psychosocial issues in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), aiming to highlight the interrelated aspects of these conditions. Recognizing the elevated risk of cognitive disorders, including dementia, and their subsequent impact on hospitalization, falls, and premature mortality in T2D patients, we meticulously searched electronic databases for relevant studies published from 2016 onwards, complemented by manual searches in leading journals. Out of the initial pool, we are focusing on biological, psychological, social, and pharmacological determinants leading to neuropsychological complications in T2D. The analysis revealed consistent risk factors across cognitive impairment, depression, and psychosocial challenges, including comorbid conditions, dysglycemia, sex differences, elevated anxiety levels, educational and socio-economic status, and medication effects. Notably, disease duration, obesity, and age were underscored as significant contributors to both cognitive and depressive disorders. The lack of a strong support network further emerged as a pivotal risk factor, exacerbating psychosocial and depressive symptoms. These findings underscore the complexity of T2D management, highlighting the necessity for comprehensive care approaches that incorporate psychosocial support, patient education, and tailored treatments. This review emphasizes the importance of addressing multifaceted risk factors to enhance the overall outcomes and quality of life for individuals with T2D.
{"title":"Exploring the Intersection: Type 2 Diabetes and Its Influence on Mental and Psychosocial Well-Being: Mini Review","authors":"Maarja Randväli, Toomas Toomsoo","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i03/1849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i03/1849","url":null,"abstract":"This systematic review examines the common risk factors associated with cognitive impairment, depression, and psychosocial issues in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), aiming to highlight the interrelated aspects of these conditions. Recognizing the elevated risk of cognitive disorders, including dementia, and their subsequent impact on hospitalization, falls, and premature mortality in T2D patients, we meticulously searched electronic databases for relevant studies published from 2016 onwards, complemented by manual searches in leading journals. Out of the initial pool, we are focusing on biological, psychological, social, and pharmacological determinants leading to neuropsychological complications in T2D.\u0000The analysis revealed consistent risk factors across cognitive impairment, depression, and psychosocial challenges, including comorbid conditions, dysglycemia, sex differences, elevated anxiety levels, educational and socio-economic status, and medication effects. Notably, disease duration, obesity, and age were underscored as significant contributors to both cognitive and depressive disorders. The lack of a strong support network further emerged as a pivotal risk factor, exacerbating psychosocial and depressive symptoms. These findings underscore the complexity of T2D management, highlighting the necessity for comprehensive care approaches that incorporate psychosocial support, patient education, and tailored treatments. This review emphasizes the importance of addressing multifaceted risk factors to enhance the overall outcomes and quality of life for individuals with T2D.","PeriodicalId":14008,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science","volume":"3 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140227396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-10DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i03/1842
Alomar, F. Ahmed, Alayed, S. Saud, Naitah, N. Abdulaziz, Alkadhi, A. Abdullah, Alhassoon, H. Abdulaziz, Alshahrani, S. Khalid, Alshahrani, S. Turki, Alaman, A. Khalid, Alsultan, M Ziyad, Ibtisam K. Almubarak, Reem A. Albluwi, Ebtehal G Albeshir
Aim: Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a major carbohydrate component of the extracellular matrix, and it is distributed widely throughout connective, epithelial tissues, and neural tissues. Since HA is used to promote healing following dental treatments, it has lately gained recognition as an adjuvant treatment for minor oral surgery. This review aims to give practitioners the most recent possible information regarding HA as an adjuvant treatment for minor oral surgery. Method: A literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar for obtaining the relevant studies revealed an initial screening of 54 studies, and after excluding the out-of-scope, the final included studies were 29 studies. Conclusion: Most reviewed studies reported positive associations with the usage of HA in treating AO, edema, pain, and trismus due to its inherent favorable properties. However, the data suggest that HA interferes with bleeding management.
目的：透明质酸（HA）是细胞外基质的主要碳水化合物成分，广泛分布于结缔组织、上皮组织和神经组织中。由于透明质酸可用于促进牙科治疗后的愈合，近来已被公认为口腔小手术的辅助治疗剂。本综述旨在为从业人员提供有关 HA 作为口腔小手术辅助治疗的最新信息。方法：通过对 PubMed 和 Google Scholar 进行文献检索以获取相关研究，初步筛选出 54 项研究，在排除范围外的研究后，最终纳入 29 项研究。结论大多数综述研究报告称，由于HA固有的良好特性，使用HA治疗AO、水肿、疼痛和肢体瘫痪具有积极意义。然而，数据表明，HA 会干扰出血处理。
{"title":"The Use of Hyaluronic Acid in Reducing Postoperative Complications in Minor Oral Surgery: A Review","authors":"Alomar, F. Ahmed, Alayed, S. Saud, Naitah, N. Abdulaziz, Alkadhi, A. Abdullah, Alhassoon, H. Abdulaziz, Alshahrani, S. Khalid, Alshahrani, S. Turki, Alaman, A. Khalid, Alsultan, M Ziyad, Ibtisam K. Almubarak, Reem A. Albluwi, Ebtehal G Albeshir","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i03/1842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i03/1842","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a major carbohydrate component of the extracellular matrix, and it is distributed widely throughout connective, epithelial tissues, and neural tissues. Since HA is used to promote healing following dental treatments, it has lately gained recognition as an adjuvant treatment for minor oral surgery. This review aims to give practitioners the most recent possible information regarding HA as an adjuvant treatment for minor oral surgery. Method: A literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar for obtaining the relevant studies revealed an initial screening of 54 studies, and after excluding the out-of-scope, the final included studies were 29 studies. Conclusion: Most reviewed studies reported positive associations with the usage of HA in treating AO, edema, pain, and trismus due to its inherent favorable properties. However, the data suggest that HA interferes with bleeding management.","PeriodicalId":14008,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140255315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-03DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i03/1843
Wu Shun Felix Wong, Vincent Tok Tai Yeung
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening diabetic emergency. There is now an emerging risk of DKA because of a potential adverse effect of the new diabetic medication - Sodium Glucose Transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) that can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis. This paper shares our experience of unexpected events in two diabetic patients taking SGLT2i, resulting in urgent hospitalization in one case and medical litigation in the other. It also brings to the doctors' attention that ketone breath sensors are now available to diagnose DKA quickly and accurately. They can offer a non-invasive approach to detecting and monitoring DKA in diabetic patients; hopefully, it could have averted similar events and prevented medical litigation in the future.
{"title":"An Ongoing Concern of Diabetic Management with SGLT2i - Its Potential Medico-Legal Implication","authors":"Wu Shun Felix Wong, Vincent Tok Tai Yeung","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i03/1843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i03/1843","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening diabetic emergency. There is now an emerging risk of DKA because of a potential adverse effect of the new diabetic medication - Sodium Glucose Transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) that can lead to diabetic ketoacidosis. This paper shares our experience of unexpected events in two diabetic patients taking SGLT2i, resulting in urgent hospitalization in one case and medical litigation in the other. It also brings to the doctors' attention that ketone breath sensors are now available to diagnose DKA quickly and accurately. They can offer a non-invasive approach to detecting and monitoring DKA in diabetic patients; hopefully, it could have averted similar events and prevented medical litigation in the future.","PeriodicalId":14008,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science","volume":"73 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140267292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i03/1839
Jafrin Sadiq Abdul Razack, Syeda Juveria Hussaini, Saud Khaled Aldoseri, Sahil Asgar Ali, Mohamed Elnaily
Thyroid hormones, produced by the thyroid gland, play various roles in the body. Essential for fetal development. There are many complications, one of which is rare: hyponatremia, an electrolyte imbalance characterized by low levels of sodium in the body. We present a case of a 69-year-old man who arrived at the emergency department after falling from the sofa and experiencing subsequent memory loss. The sodium level upon arrival was 114 mmol/L. After ruling out other potential causes of hyponatremia, the final diagnosis was hypothyroidism. After treating hypothyroidism, the sodium level began to rise again. It is essential to check thyroid function when a patient with low sodium and clinical symptoms of altered mental status is admitted to the hospital.
{"title":"Thyroid Troubles Unveiled: A Rare Case of Hyponatremia Secondary to Hypothyroidism","authors":"Jafrin Sadiq Abdul Razack, Syeda Juveria Hussaini, Saud Khaled Aldoseri, Sahil Asgar Ali, Mohamed Elnaily","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i03/1839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i03/1839","url":null,"abstract":"Thyroid hormones, produced by the thyroid gland, play various roles in the body. Essential for fetal development. There are many complications, one of which is rare: hyponatremia, an electrolyte imbalance characterized by low levels of sodium in the body. We present a case of a 69-year-old man who arrived at the emergency department after falling from the sofa and experiencing subsequent memory loss. The sodium level upon arrival was 114 mmol/L. After ruling out other potential causes of hyponatremia, the final diagnosis was hypothyroidism. After treating hypothyroidism, the sodium level began to rise again. It is essential to check thyroid function when a patient with low sodium and clinical symptoms of altered mental status is admitted to the hospital.","PeriodicalId":14008,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science","volume":"22 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140081830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i03/1841
E. Edafe, M. Akpa
Introduction: In Nigeria, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus has been on increasing steadily. With the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, one expects higher rate of its complications including carotid atherosclerosis (which may present with silent infarct, transient ischemic attack, or ischemic stroke) and coronary artery disease. The common link between carotid atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease is atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease with increase intimal medial thickness. This study evaluated medial intima thickness of among Diabetes at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Methods and Materials: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional, to assess relationship between peripheral artery disease and carotid atherosclerosis among type 2 diabetic subjects in UPTH using the ankle brachial pressure index and carotid intima-medial thickness. 110 diabetic subjects, and 110 age and gender matched non-diabetic, controls were recruited for the study. Type 2 diabetic subjects and controls that met the inclusion criteria and consented were recruited consecutively as they met the inclusion criteria. Demographic data, anthropometric measures were taken and recorded. Using a structured questionnaire, information on medical history, physical examination and examination of carotid intima-medial thickness were measured and documented. Confidentiality was maintained throughout the 13 months period of the study. Data obtained were checked for errors and corrected before being analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences software 20.0 (SPSS 20.0). Results: There were 67 females and 43 males with type 2 diabetes, while 61 Females and 49 males served as controls. The mean age for the diabetic subjects was 54.85 ± 10.09, while that for the controls was 52.86 ± 10.31. The mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 6.24 ± 4.53. The patient with CIMT more than 1mm account for 19.1% of the subjects, while the controls had 7.3% Th is statistically significant with a p-vale of <0.001. Increased thickness of the carotid intima-medial was found to be significantly associated, increasing duration of diabetes. Conclusion: CIMT is more common in diabetic patients compared to age and gender-match controls. Most subjects with increased CIMT are asymptomatic.
{"title":"The Carotid Intima Medial Thickness Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Controls: A Cross Sectional Study","authors":"E. Edafe, M. Akpa","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i03/1841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i03/1841","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In Nigeria, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus has been on increasing steadily. With the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, one expects higher rate of its complications including carotid atherosclerosis (which may present with silent infarct, transient ischemic attack, or ischemic stroke) and coronary artery disease. The common link between carotid atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease is atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease with increase intimal medial thickness. This study evaluated medial intima thickness of among Diabetes at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Methods and Materials: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional, to assess relationship between peripheral artery disease and carotid atherosclerosis among type 2 diabetic subjects in UPTH using the ankle brachial pressure index and carotid intima-medial thickness. 110 diabetic subjects, and 110 age and gender matched non-diabetic, controls were recruited for the study. Type 2 diabetic subjects and controls that met the inclusion criteria and consented were recruited consecutively as they met the inclusion criteria.\u0000Demographic data, anthropometric measures were taken and recorded. Using a structured questionnaire, information on medical history, physical examination and examination of carotid intima-medial thickness were measured and documented. Confidentiality was maintained throughout the 13 months period of the study. Data obtained were checked for errors and corrected before being analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences software 20.0 (SPSS 20.0).\u0000Results: There were 67 females and 43 males with type 2 diabetes, while 61 Females and 49 males served as controls. The mean age for the diabetic subjects was 54.85 ± 10.09, while that for the controls was 52.86 ± 10.31. The mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 6.24 ± 4.53. The patient with CIMT more than 1mm account for 19.1% of the subjects, while the controls had 7.3% Th is statistically significant with a p-vale of <0.001.\u0000Increased thickness of the carotid intima-medial was found to be significantly associated, increasing duration of diabetes.\u0000Conclusion: CIMT is more common in diabetic patients compared to age and gender-match controls. Most subjects with increased CIMT are asymptomatic.","PeriodicalId":14008,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science","volume":"47 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140267396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-20DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i01/1798
Mihai Nechifor, C. Luca, C. Galeș
The action of antibacterial antibiotics on bacteria but also on the cells of the human body is dependent on many factors. An important place is the interactions with magnesium and zinc. The aim of this narrative review is to highlight the complexity of interactions between these two cations and some antibacterial antibiotics. The review presents pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic interactions and the influence of magnesium and zinc on some adverse effects of antibiotics. The influences of some antibiotics on plasma concentrations of magnesium and zinc are also discussed. The interactions take place before the contact of the antibiotic with the pathogenic bacteria, during the action on bacteria but also after this action. Some adverse effects of antibiotics are produced by their direct action on human cells and plasma and tissue concentrations of magnesium and zinc are important for reducing these effects. These two biometals play multiple and complex roles in the human body. Some antibiotics such as aminoglycosides and polymyxins greatly increase the renal excretion of magnesium and significantly decrease the plasma concentration of this cation. Zinc increases the bacterial sensitivity to the action of beta-lactams. The polymerization of vancomycin dimers increases the antibacterial activity and it is dependent of zinc. Zinc oxide nanoparticles have a significant antibiofilm action. On the other hand, magnesium and zinc salts greatly reduce the digestive absorption of many antibiotics and decrease their bioavailability. Regarding adverse effects, there are situations were magnesium and zinc can reduce some of these effects. A low magnesium level aggravates the cartilage damage produced by quinolones. This cation reduces nephrotoxicity of Aminoglycosides and vancomycin and hepatotoxicity of some antituberculosis drugs. Determination of zinc and magnesium concentration is strictly necessary for patients receiving antibiotics and in the case of abnormal levels, correction must be made immediately.
{"title":"Interactions of Antibacterial Antibiotics with Magnesium and Zinc","authors":"Mihai Nechifor, C. Luca, C. Galeș","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i01/1798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol09-i01/1798","url":null,"abstract":"The action of antibacterial antibiotics on bacteria but also on the cells of the human body is dependent on many factors. An important place is the interactions with magnesium and zinc. The aim of this narrative review is to highlight the complexity of interactions between these two cations and some antibacterial antibiotics. The review presents pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic interactions and the influence of magnesium and zinc on some adverse effects of antibiotics. The influences of some antibiotics on plasma concentrations of magnesium and zinc are also discussed. The interactions take place before the contact of the antibiotic with the pathogenic bacteria, during the action on bacteria but also after this action. Some adverse effects of antibiotics are produced by their direct action on human cells and plasma and tissue concentrations of magnesium and zinc are important for reducing these effects. These two biometals play multiple and complex roles in the human body. Some antibiotics such as aminoglycosides and polymyxins greatly increase the renal excretion of magnesium and significantly decrease the plasma concentration of this cation. Zinc increases the bacterial sensitivity to the action of beta-lactams. The polymerization of vancomycin dimers increases the antibacterial activity and it is dependent of zinc. Zinc oxide nanoparticles have a significant antibiofilm action. On the other hand, magnesium and zinc salts greatly reduce the digestive absorption of many antibiotics and decrease their bioavailability. Regarding adverse effects, there are situations were magnesium and zinc can reduce some of these effects. A low magnesium level aggravates the cartilage damage produced by quinolones. This cation reduces nephrotoxicity of Aminoglycosides and vancomycin and hepatotoxicity of some antituberculosis drugs. Determination of zinc and magnesium concentration is strictly necessary for patients receiving antibiotics and in the case of abnormal levels, correction must be made immediately.","PeriodicalId":14008,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science","volume":"38 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139610427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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