Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i08/1723
Ethan Zhu, Xiujun Fan
Adolescents face pressure from their school studies and college admissions, which results in them constantly experiencing symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression. These symptoms cause sleep quality and concentration to rapidly corrode, which affects their overall mental health. These symptoms have increased in severity as the COVID-19 pandemic progressed, and if left unattended, they will last for a long period, even during post-covid. For the purpose of finding a practical way to combat these effects caused in general, the impacts of practicing Tai Chi on adolescents' general and mental health, as well as the potential underlying mechanisms involved were systematically reviewed through the last 20 years of research. This review provides information on the efficacy of overall health, feasibility, and fundamental knowledge of the practice of Tai Chi. This information could be considered by schools when planning their curriculum and mental health management to support adolescents during and after the pandemic.
{"title":"Tai Chi During and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic: How Much can it Really Benefit Adolescents?","authors":"Ethan Zhu, Xiujun Fan","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i08/1723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i08/1723","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescents face pressure from their school studies and college admissions, which results in them constantly experiencing symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression. These symptoms cause sleep quality and concentration to rapidly corrode, which affects their overall mental health. These symptoms have increased in severity as the COVID-19 pandemic progressed, and if left unattended, they will last for a long period, even during post-covid. For the purpose of finding a practical way to combat these effects caused in general, the impacts of practicing Tai Chi on adolescents' general and mental health, as well as the potential underlying mechanisms involved were systematically reviewed through the last 20 years of research. This review provides information on the efficacy of overall health, feasibility, and fundamental knowledge of the practice of Tai Chi. This information could be considered by schools when planning their curriculum and mental health management to support adolescents during and after the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":14008,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76560087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i08/1724
O. Liu, Xiujun Fan
The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted mental health throughout our society. Despite this, studies report that vaping among teens and young adults has decreased during the pandemic. This paper aims to analyze why COVID-19 impacted vaping in such a way and if that change will remain consistent as we head toward the end of the pandemic. Additionally, using PubMed and Google Scholar, we examined the different mental and physical effects of vaping and what that means for the future. Studies from the early stages of the pandemic show vaping rates among teens and young adults to be decreasing due to health concerns. However, as people become less concerned about COVID-19, vaping rates have begun to increase. The potential future health effects are unknown and need to be evaluated further.
{"title":"The Potential Short- and Long-Term Health Effects of Post-pandemic Teen Vaping","authors":"O. Liu, Xiujun Fan","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i08/1724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i08/1724","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted mental health throughout our society. Despite this, studies report that vaping among teens and young adults has decreased during the pandemic. This paper aims to analyze why COVID-19 impacted vaping in such a way and if that change will remain consistent as we head toward the end of the pandemic. Additionally, using PubMed and Google Scholar, we examined the different mental and physical effects of vaping and what that means for the future. Studies from the early stages of the pandemic show vaping rates among teens and young adults to be decreasing due to health concerns. However, as people become less concerned about COVID-19, vaping rates have begun to increase. The potential future health effects are unknown and need to be evaluated further.","PeriodicalId":14008,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91025904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i08/1716
Hussian Bakhsh
The objective of the study was to estimate the effect of activated charcoal (AC) administration on the mortality of patients taking toxic materials and the effect of drug properties on drug exposure. Thirty studies were integrated in a meta-analysis. AC administered 0–5 min after administration of a drug reduced median drug exposure by 88.4% (25–75 percentile: 65.0–96.8) (P < 0.00001). The effect of AC continued to be statistically significant when administered up to 4 h after drug intake (median reduction in drug exposure 27.4% (range 21.3–31.5%, P = 0.0006). Furthermore, there were significant decrease in the mortality as long as AC is administered early. The reduction in drug exposure was correlated with the AC/drug ratio (ρ = 0.69, P < 0.0001), the volume of distribution (Vd) (ρ = 0.46, P = 0.0001), and time to peak concentration (ρ = 0.40, P = 0.02). We found that AC is most effective when given immediately after drug ingestion but has statistically significant effects even when given as long as 4 h after drug intake. AC appears to be most effective when given in a large dose. And it affects the mortality in earlier intervention better than late intervention.
本研究的目的是评估活性炭(AC)给药对服用有毒物质的患者死亡率的影响以及药物性质对药物暴露的影响。30项研究被纳入荟萃分析。给药后0-5分钟给予AC可使药物暴露中位数降低88.4%(25-75百分位数:65.0-96.8)(P < 0.00001)。服用药物后4小时，AC的效果仍然具有统计学意义(药物暴露中位数减少27.4%(范围21.3-31.5%，P = 0.0006)。此外，只要早期给予AC，死亡率就会显著降低。药物暴露减少与AC/药比(ρ = 0.69, P < 0.0001)、分布体积(Vd) (ρ = 0.46, P = 0.0001)和达到浓度峰时间(ρ = 0.40, P = 0.02)相关。我们发现，在药物摄入后立即给予AC是最有效的，但即使在药物摄入后长达4小时给予AC也有统计学意义。大剂量服用AC似乎最有效。早期干预对死亡率的影响比晚期干预好。
{"title":"The Benefit of Activated Charcoal in Reducing Mortality in Toxic Patient: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"Hussian Bakhsh","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i08/1716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i08/1716","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study was to estimate the effect of activated charcoal (AC) administration on the mortality of patients taking toxic materials and the effect of drug properties on drug exposure. Thirty studies were integrated in a meta-analysis. AC administered 0–5 min after administration of a drug reduced median drug exposure by 88.4% (25–75 percentile: 65.0–96.8) (P < 0.00001). The effect of AC continued to be statistically significant when administered up to 4 h after drug intake (median reduction in drug exposure 27.4% (range 21.3–31.5%, P = 0.0006). Furthermore, there were significant decrease in the mortality as long as AC is administered early. The reduction in drug exposure was correlated with the AC/drug ratio (ρ = 0.69, P < 0.0001), the volume of distribution (Vd) (ρ = 0.46, P = 0.0001), and time to peak concentration (ρ = 0.40, P = 0.02). We found that AC is most effective when given immediately after drug ingestion but has statistically significant effects even when given as long as 4 h after drug intake. AC appears to be most effective when given in a large dose. And it affects the mortality in earlier intervention better than late intervention.","PeriodicalId":14008,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85942923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i08/1709
N. Chawla
Background: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19 or SARS CoV2) appears to be associated with the risk of thrombosis which is a common consequence of a variety of medical and surgical disorders. These sequelae suggest the presence of coagulopathy induced by COVID-19 infection. Case Report: We present the case of a 63-year-old woman who developed lower limb weakness after undergoing revascularization surgery for multi-level femoral artery thrombosis as a result of SARS-CoV2. After recovery from COVID-19 infection, the patient developed bilateral lower-extremity pain and paralysis. Doppler ultrasound revealed bilateral superficial femoral artery thrombosis, which was later confirmed by angiography. The patient further developed critical limb ischemia and underwent revascularization surgery. Post surgery, patient was unable to ambulate due to marked weakness and sensory deficits in lower extremities. An evidence-based physiotherapy exercise regime was planned for this patient and was followed up for a period of three months. The functional recovery of the patient was documented using two-minute walk test (2 MWT), berg balance scale (BBS) and manual muscle testing of hip, knee and ankle. Results and conclusion: Early tailor-made neuro-rehabilitation plays a significant role in improving the functional status of patients with bilateral lower limb arterial thrombosis post COVID-19.
{"title":"A Case Reporting the Neuro-Rehabilitation of a Patient with Bilateral Multi-Level Lower Extremity Arterial Thrombosis Post COVID -19","authors":"N. Chawla","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i08/1709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i08/1709","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19 or SARS CoV2) appears to be associated with the risk of thrombosis which is a common consequence of a variety of medical and surgical disorders. These sequelae suggest the presence of coagulopathy induced by COVID-19 infection. Case Report: We present the case of a 63-year-old woman who developed lower limb weakness after undergoing revascularization surgery for multi-level femoral artery thrombosis as a result of SARS-CoV2. After recovery from COVID-19 infection, the patient developed bilateral lower-extremity pain and paralysis. Doppler ultrasound revealed bilateral superficial femoral artery thrombosis, which was later confirmed by angiography. The patient further developed critical limb ischemia and underwent revascularization surgery. Post surgery, patient was unable to ambulate due to marked weakness and sensory deficits in lower extremities. An evidence-based physiotherapy exercise regime was planned for this patient and was followed up for a period of three months. The functional recovery of the patient was documented using two-minute walk test (2 MWT), berg balance scale (BBS) and manual muscle testing of hip, knee and ankle. Results and conclusion: Early tailor-made neuro-rehabilitation plays a significant role in improving the functional status of patients with bilateral lower limb arterial thrombosis post COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":14008,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84496004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i08/1727
A. S. Sánchez Terán, Anyely Nataly Fuertes-Muñoz, Martha Elena Gutiérrez-Brambila, Juan Carlos Luna-García, Luis Anibal Cervantes-Ruíz, Luis A Zúñiga-Vázquez, Gerardo Chávez-Pérez
A woman in his mid-50s presented with an ulcer on the right side of her tongue associated with sore throat. The lesion progressively grew until it became exophytic. An incisional biopsy showed a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, invasive, ulcerated, p16 positive, with lymphovascular permeation and muscle infiltration so she was referred to a surgical oncologist. There was history of oral sex habits and poor dental hygiene. At physical examination there was a 2.5 x 2 cm neoformation on the right lateral side of the tongue associated with pain, which was mild, intermittent, and localized, the base of the tongue and floor of the mouth were apparently free. The team decided to perform a right hemiglossectomy plus radical neck dissection. Given the anatomical and functional needs of the area, a microvascular reconstruction with a Radial Forearm Free Flap was chosen due to its thinness, flexibility, ease of harvest, and reliability.
一名50多岁的女性，她的舌头右侧有溃疡并伴有喉咙痛。病变逐渐生长，直至变为外生性病变。切口活检显示为分化良好的鳞状细胞癌，浸润性，溃疡性，p16阳性，淋巴血管浸润和肌肉浸润，因此她被转介给外科肿瘤科医生。有口交习惯和口腔卫生不良史。体格检查时，舌右侧有2.5 x 2 cm的新生物，伴有轻度、间歇性、局域性疼痛，舌底和口底明显自由。该团队决定进行右侧半盲切除术和根治性颈部清扫。考虑到该区域的解剖和功能需求，选择桡骨前臂自由皮瓣重建微血管，因为它薄、灵活、易于收获和可靠。
{"title":"Radial Forearm Free Flap for Tongue Reconstruction","authors":"A. S. Sánchez Terán, Anyely Nataly Fuertes-Muñoz, Martha Elena Gutiérrez-Brambila, Juan Carlos Luna-García, Luis Anibal Cervantes-Ruíz, Luis A Zúñiga-Vázquez, Gerardo Chávez-Pérez","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i08/1727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i08/1727","url":null,"abstract":"A woman in his mid-50s presented with an ulcer on the right side of her tongue associated with sore throat. The lesion progressively grew until it became exophytic. An incisional biopsy showed a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, invasive, ulcerated, p16 positive, with lymphovascular permeation and muscle infiltration so she was referred to a surgical oncologist. There was history of oral sex habits and poor dental hygiene. At physical examination there was a 2.5 x 2 cm neoformation on the right lateral side of the tongue associated with pain, which was mild, intermittent, and localized, the base of the tongue and floor of the mouth were apparently free. The team decided to perform a right hemiglossectomy plus radical neck dissection. Given the anatomical and functional needs of the area, a microvascular reconstruction with a Radial Forearm Free Flap was chosen due to its thinness, flexibility, ease of harvest, and reliability.","PeriodicalId":14008,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84042640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i08/1705
D. Chakravarthy, Sushmitha Bijja, Aaron Karthik, Pramod Patil, Tabassum Mohd.akbar
Background: The Oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) often involves complex facial deformities and pathologies that require precise treatment planning for optimal outcomes. Traditional approaches have limitations in achieving desired aesthetic and functional results. However, the emergence of virtual surgical planning (VSP) and 3D printing technology has revolutionized OMFS by offering accurate and predictable treatment outcomes. Objectives: This article provides an overview of the applications, workflow process, techniques, and biomaterials used in 3D printing technology in OMFS. It also discusses the benefits of 3D printing, including improved preoperative planning, surgical accuracy, reduced intraoperative time, and enhanced surgical outcomes. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted to explore the applications of 3D printing technology in OMFS. The different 3D printing techniques, such as stereolithography, fused deposition modeling, material jetting, selective laser sintering, and digital light processing, were examined. The integration of 3D printing in tissue engineering and the use of biomaterials in 3D printing were also explored. Results: The integration of 3D printing in OMFS offers several advantages. It enables precise preoperative planning and simulation, resulting in improved surgical outcomes. The use of 3D-printed surgical guides and custom-made implants enhances surgical accuracy and reduces intraoperative time. Moreover, 3D printing facilitates the production of contour models and splints, further aiding in treatment planning and postoperative care.
{"title":"3D Printing in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery","authors":"D. Chakravarthy, Sushmitha Bijja, Aaron Karthik, Pramod Patil, Tabassum Mohd.akbar","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i08/1705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i08/1705","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) often involves complex facial deformities and pathologies that require precise treatment planning for optimal outcomes. Traditional approaches have limitations in achieving desired aesthetic and functional results. However, the emergence of virtual surgical planning (VSP) and 3D printing technology has revolutionized OMFS by offering accurate and predictable treatment outcomes. Objectives: This article provides an overview of the applications, workflow process, techniques, and biomaterials used in 3D printing technology in OMFS. It also discusses the benefits of 3D printing, including improved preoperative planning, surgical accuracy, reduced intraoperative time, and enhanced surgical outcomes. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted to explore the applications of 3D printing technology in OMFS. The different 3D printing techniques, such as stereolithography, fused deposition modeling, material jetting, selective laser sintering, and digital light processing, were examined. The integration of 3D printing in tissue engineering and the use of biomaterials in 3D printing were also explored. Results: The integration of 3D printing in OMFS offers several advantages. It enables precise preoperative planning and simulation, resulting in improved surgical outcomes. The use of 3D-printed surgical guides and custom-made implants enhances surgical accuracy and reduces intraoperative time. Moreover, 3D printing facilitates the production of contour models and splints, further aiding in treatment planning and postoperative care.","PeriodicalId":14008,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74129520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i08/1721
K. Shrwani, Nabil S. Dhayhi, Waleed H. Mahallawi, Alaa Sherwani, M. Badedi, Saeed Aldossari, A. Muhajir, Zeinab E. Hassan, Nouf Sherwani, Dr. Tarig Karar, E. Gadour
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed a significant threat to the world, causing a respiratory illness with a wide range of symptoms and affecting people of all sexes and age groups. Although the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is not entirely understood, recent findings suggest that a high number of innate immune cells and inflammatory cytokines can help in fighting the virus. However, an excessive expression of cytokines can lead to a cytokine storm, resulting in a severe disease state with high morbidity and mortality. The coordinated actions of the innate and adaptive immune responses are responsible for eliminating virus-infected cells and inhibiting reinfection. The actual role of T-cell immunity and antibody responses is unclear, and further research is necessary to gain insights into the nature of immune protection. The SARS-CoV-2 S protein is considered a sensitive and useful protein that can be targeted by antibodies and T cells, providing significant biological targets for finding effective vaccines and treatments. Despite challenges in developing effective vaccines, the small number of reinfections suggests that a primary infection may offer some protection during subsequent exposure to the same virus. A deeper understanding of the vital role of B and T cells in COVID-19 may help in managing, controlling, and halting this new pandemic.
{"title":"The Protective Mechanism Against COVID-19, Antibody vs Cellular Immunity: An Extensive Review","authors":"K. Shrwani, Nabil S. Dhayhi, Waleed H. Mahallawi, Alaa Sherwani, M. Badedi, Saeed Aldossari, A. Muhajir, Zeinab E. Hassan, Nouf Sherwani, Dr. Tarig Karar, E. Gadour","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i08/1721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i08/1721","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed a significant threat to the world, causing a respiratory illness with a wide range of symptoms and affecting people of all sexes and age groups. Although the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is not entirely understood, recent findings suggest that a high number of innate immune cells and inflammatory cytokines can help in fighting the virus. However, an excessive expression of cytokines can lead to a cytokine storm, resulting in a severe disease state with high morbidity and mortality. The coordinated actions of the innate and adaptive immune responses are responsible for eliminating virus-infected cells and inhibiting reinfection. The actual role of T-cell immunity and antibody responses is unclear, and further research is necessary to gain insights into the nature of immune protection. The SARS-CoV-2 S protein is considered a sensitive and useful protein that can be targeted by antibodies and T cells, providing significant biological targets for finding effective vaccines and treatments. Despite challenges in developing effective vaccines, the small number of reinfections suggests that a primary infection may offer some protection during subsequent exposure to the same virus. A deeper understanding of the vital role of B and T cells in COVID-19 may help in managing, controlling, and halting this new pandemic.","PeriodicalId":14008,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83639005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i07/1717
E. Gadour, Zeinab E. Hassan
Post-orthotropic liver transplant (POLT) cholangiopathies are a group of biliary complications that develop after liver transplantation. These conditions can lead to significant morbidity and mortality if not detected and treated early. Traditionally, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and computed tomography scan have been used to identify biliary complications after OLT. Hence, the current study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in assessing and monitoring POLT cholangiopathies by performing a comprehensive review of the literature. Relevant articles published until February 2023 were searched from various databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The search terms used were “endoscopic ultrasound,” “post-orthotopic liver transplantation,” “primary sclerosing cholangitis,” and “cholangiopathy.” Relevant articles were selected and included in this review. EUS has emerged as a state-of-the-art method for the assessment and surveillance of POLT cholangiopathies, with high success rates in diagnosing and treating biliary complications. In patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis, EUS can help in the early detection of primary tumors and biliary strictures and can be a guide in therapeutic interventions such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and biliary drainage. In conclusion, EUS has a superior diagnostic accuracy than other imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and computed tomography scan in detecting biliary complications after OLT.
{"title":"Post-Orthotopic Liver Transplant Cholangiopathy Assessment and Surveillance with Endoscopic Ultrasonography: The Way Forward","authors":"E. Gadour, Zeinab E. Hassan","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i07/1717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i07/1717","url":null,"abstract":"Post-orthotropic liver transplant (POLT) cholangiopathies are a group of biliary complications that develop after liver transplantation. These conditions can lead to significant morbidity and mortality if not detected and treated early. Traditionally, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and computed tomography scan have been used to identify biliary complications after OLT. Hence, the current study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in assessing and monitoring POLT cholangiopathies by performing a comprehensive review of the literature. Relevant articles published until February 2023 were searched from various databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The search terms used were “endoscopic ultrasound,” “post-orthotopic liver transplantation,” “primary sclerosing cholangitis,” and “cholangiopathy.” Relevant articles were selected and included in this review. EUS has emerged as a state-of-the-art method for the assessment and surveillance of POLT cholangiopathies, with high success rates in diagnosing and treating biliary complications. In patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis, EUS can help in the early detection of primary tumors and biliary strictures and can be a guide in therapeutic interventions such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and biliary drainage. In conclusion, EUS has a superior diagnostic accuracy than other imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and computed tomography scan in detecting biliary complications after OLT.","PeriodicalId":14008,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83660558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-28DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i07/1702
Gracelyn Mai, Jeffery Fan, Brandon Mai, Xiujun Fan
Alzheimer’s disease, the most prevalent form of dementia, is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder. The risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease include age, genetics, lifestyle, and other external stressors. The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought along many changes and has exacerbated symptoms within persons with Alzheimer’s disease such as depression, anxiety, and agitation, with this also accelerating cognitive decline and mental health of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. COVID-19 has the capacity to increase risk of Alzheimer’s disease within healthy people, as it also has capacities to target the central nervous system. Though Alzheimer’s disease cases are continually rising dramatically, there is no cure. Current treatment options, such as drugs, are not easily accessible and have many limitations. As a result, non-pharmacological and easily accessible interventions, such as music therapy, have garnered interest. In this review, we summarized different music therapy techniques, outcomes of music therapy treatments, and the underlying mechanisms of music therapy. Though music therapy is a promising option for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, due to limited results concerning long term benefits, the combination of music therapy with other non-pharmacological interventions such as physical exercise should also be considered.
{"title":"Effect of Music Therapy on Alzheimer’s Disease: How Music Combats Alzheimer’s Disease?","authors":"Gracelyn Mai, Jeffery Fan, Brandon Mai, Xiujun Fan","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i07/1702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i07/1702","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer’s disease, the most prevalent form of dementia, is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder. The risk factors of Alzheimer’s disease include age, genetics, lifestyle, and other external stressors. The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought along many changes and has exacerbated symptoms within persons with Alzheimer’s disease such as depression, anxiety, and agitation, with this also accelerating cognitive decline and mental health of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. COVID-19 has the capacity to increase risk of Alzheimer’s disease within healthy people, as it also has capacities to target the central nervous system. Though Alzheimer’s disease cases are continually rising dramatically, there is no cure. Current treatment options, such as drugs, are not easily accessible and have many limitations. As a result, non-pharmacological and easily accessible interventions, such as music therapy, have garnered interest. In this review, we summarized different music therapy techniques, outcomes of music therapy treatments, and the underlying mechanisms of music therapy. Though music therapy is a promising option for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, due to limited results concerning long term benefits, the combination of music therapy with other non-pharmacological interventions such as physical exercise should also be considered.","PeriodicalId":14008,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83043418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-27DOI: 10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i07/1718
E. Gadour, N. Phyu, Omar T. Ahmed, H. Elamin
Immunosuppressive has been the main treatment for patients with moderate or severe autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) as the survival benefits have clearly been demonstrated in clinical trials. Seasonal variations in treatment have not been studied yet, hence, we aim to study the potential relationship between the Lunar month of diagnosis and treatment options in AIH. All cases of AIH who presented to our hospitals between Jan 2016 and Jan 2021 were reviewed. Data was analyzed using the binary logistic regression model and Chi-square test of association to establish any potential relationship between the Lunar month of diagnosis and treatment response in AIH. Total number of patients with clinically and histologically proven AIH was sixty. Forty-seven were females (78.33%) and 28.33% were males (n=17). Liver biopsies were recorded in twenty-six cases (43.3%) among whom, interface hepatitis was found in ten patients (16.7%). Total of twelve patients were not on any treatment and five of them (41.6%) had been diagnosed during the Full Moon (FM) phase. Patients who have been diagnosed with AIH during the Third Quarter (TQ) Phase were only three (5.0%), however 66.6% of them were on combination therapy of Steroids and Azathioprine (AZA). Interestingly, fifth of the patients were diagnosed during the First Quarter phase and only one of them were on combined therapy. Ten patients in total were on steroids only among whom 40% were diagnosed during the FM phase. The Chi-square test of association showed a non-significant association of the lunar month of diagnosis with the treatment they receive, X2 (9, N= 31) = 7.99, p = .535. Steroids and AZA treatment exhibited lower frequency on full moon and third quarter moon than new and first quarter moon. Our data show that patients diagnosed with AIH during the FM phase of the lunar cycle are less likely to require combination therapy of steroids and AZA. We could not establish any significant relation between the lunar month of diagnosis and treatment response in AIH.
免疫抑制剂已成为中度或重度自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)患者的主要治疗方法，因为临床试验已清楚地证明其生存益处。治疗的季节性变化尚未得到研究，因此，我们的目的是研究AIH诊断和治疗方案之间的潜在关系。我们回顾了2016年1月至2021年1月期间在我院就诊的所有AIH病例。采用二元logistic回归模型和关联的卡方检验对数据进行分析，以确定AIH诊断月份与治疗反应之间的潜在关系。经临床和组织学证实的AIH患者总数为60例。其中女性47例(78.33%)，男性28.33% (n=17)。肝活检26例(43.3%)，其中界面肝炎10例(16.7%)。共有12例患者未接受任何治疗，其中5例(41.6%)在满月(FM)期被诊断。在第三季度(TQ)期被诊断为AIH的患者只有3例(5.0%)，但其中66.6%的患者接受类固醇和硫唑嘌呤(AZA)联合治疗。有趣的是，五分之一的患者在第一季度被诊断出来，其中只有一人接受了联合治疗。总共有10例患者仅使用类固醇，其中40%在FM期被诊断。相关性卡方检验显示，确诊月与所接受治疗无显著相关性，X2 (9, N= 31) = 7.99, p = 0.535。类固醇和AZA治疗在满月和第三季度出现的频率低于新月和第一季度。我们的数据显示，在月经周期FM期诊断为AIH的患者不太可能需要类固醇和AZA联合治疗。我们不能在AIH的诊断和治疗反应之间建立任何显著的关系。
{"title":"Binary Logistic Regression Analysis of the Relationship Between Lunar Month of Diagnosis of Autoimmune Hepatitis and Treatment Options","authors":"E. Gadour, N. Phyu, Omar T. Ahmed, H. Elamin","doi":"10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i07/1718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol08-i07/1718","url":null,"abstract":"Immunosuppressive has been the main treatment for patients with moderate or severe autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) as the survival benefits have clearly been demonstrated in clinical trials. Seasonal variations in treatment have not been studied yet, hence, we aim to study the potential relationship between the Lunar month of diagnosis and treatment options in AIH. All cases of AIH who presented to our hospitals between Jan 2016 and Jan 2021 were reviewed. Data was analyzed using the binary logistic regression model and Chi-square test of association to establish any potential relationship between the Lunar month of diagnosis and treatment response in AIH. Total number of patients with clinically and histologically proven AIH was sixty. Forty-seven were females (78.33%) and 28.33% were males (n=17). Liver biopsies were recorded in twenty-six cases (43.3%) among whom, interface hepatitis was found in ten patients (16.7%).\u0000Total of twelve patients were not on any treatment and five of them (41.6%) had been diagnosed during the Full Moon (FM) phase. Patients who have been diagnosed with AIH during the Third Quarter (TQ) Phase were only three (5.0%), however 66.6% of them were on combination therapy of Steroids and Azathioprine (AZA). Interestingly, fifth of the patients were diagnosed during the First Quarter phase and only one of them were on combined therapy.\u0000Ten patients in total were on steroids only among whom 40% were diagnosed during the FM phase. The Chi-square test of association showed a non-significant association of the lunar month of diagnosis with the treatment they receive, X2 (9, N= 31) = 7.99, p = .535.\u0000Steroids and AZA treatment exhibited lower frequency on full moon and third quarter moon than new and first quarter moon. Our data show that patients diagnosed with AIH during the FM phase of the lunar cycle are less likely to require combination therapy of steroids and AZA. We could not establish any significant relation between the lunar month of diagnosis and treatment response in AIH.","PeriodicalId":14008,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science","volume":"303 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72734390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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