Pub Date : 2022-07-07DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2022.2095583
Victoria DiSciullo, E. Krackow, Merideth D. Smith
Abstract This study employed a quasi-experimental design to evaluate the impact of a modified START NOW program + behavioral level system (BLS) in a self-contained therapeutic community (SCTC) on inmate misbehavior at a correctional facility. The SCTC included a modified START NOW manualized mental health treatment, recreation groups, process groups as needed, and a level system on which to base the attainment of privileges. Inmate data was evaluated at 3-months pre- and post-SCTC to determine if there were differences in the number of mental health referrals for misbehavior, referrals to the restrictive housing unit, write-ups, instances of spontaneous use of force by correctional officers, and placement on suicide precaution status compared with a control group of inmates who were placed in restrictive housing during the same time frame. Analyses examined differences between these two groups comparing variables from pre-intervention to post-intervention timepoints. Both the modified START NOW + behavioral intervention group and the control group improved significantly from pre-to-post intervention on the number of placements in restrictive housing and number of write-ups for misbehavior but did not significantly improve on the remaining outcome measures. Study strengths and limitations are discussed.
摘要:本研究采用准实验设计，评估了一个改良的START NOW项目+行为水平系统(BLS)在一个独立治疗社区(SCTC)对监狱囚犯不良行为的影响。SCTC包括修改后的START NOW手动心理健康治疗，娱乐小组，根据需要的过程小组，以及基于特权获得的水平系统。在sctc之前和之后的三个月对囚犯数据进行了评估，以确定与同一时间段内被安置在限制性住房的对照组囚犯相比，在因行为不端而被转介到限制性住房的人数、被转介到限制性住房的人数、被记录的人数、狱警自发使用武力的情况以及被安置在自杀预防状态方面是否存在差异。分析了两组之间的差异，比较了干预前和干预后时间点的变量。从干预前到干预后，改良的START NOW +行为干预组和对照组在限制性住房安置数量和不良行为记录数量上都有显著改善，但在其余结果测量上没有显著改善。讨论了研究的优势和局限性。
{"title":"An Examination of a Modified START NOW Dialectical Behavior Therapy-Based Intervention and a Behavioral Level System on Male Inmate Misbehavior, Aggressive Behavior, and Suicide Precaution Status","authors":"Victoria DiSciullo, E. Krackow, Merideth D. Smith","doi":"10.1080/14999013.2022.2095583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2022.2095583","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study employed a quasi-experimental design to evaluate the impact of a modified START NOW program + behavioral level system (BLS) in a self-contained therapeutic community (SCTC) on inmate misbehavior at a correctional facility. The SCTC included a modified START NOW manualized mental health treatment, recreation groups, process groups as needed, and a level system on which to base the attainment of privileges. Inmate data was evaluated at 3-months pre- and post-SCTC to determine if there were differences in the number of mental health referrals for misbehavior, referrals to the restrictive housing unit, write-ups, instances of spontaneous use of force by correctional officers, and placement on suicide precaution status compared with a control group of inmates who were placed in restrictive housing during the same time frame. Analyses examined differences between these two groups comparing variables from pre-intervention to post-intervention timepoints. Both the modified START NOW + behavioral intervention group and the control group improved significantly from pre-to-post intervention on the number of placements in restrictive housing and number of write-ups for misbehavior but did not significantly improve on the remaining outcome measures. Study strengths and limitations are discussed.","PeriodicalId":14052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Mental Health","volume":"22 1","pages":"116 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41919425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2022.2081743
J. Davies, Aisling O’Meara, L. Broome
Abstract Models of offender motivation to change exist, however there is a lack of theory-driven psychometric tools that measure motivational constructs to support offenders in positive life goal pursuits. This research extends the Personal Concerns Inventory (Offender Adaptation), presenting a Goals and Plans tool that supports users to: identify and prioritize goals in life domains of importance to them; detail how a goal can be attained; and consider obstacles to attainment. Literature informed the benchmark for the tool, which was evaluated through implementation in Prisons (n = 62) and Approved Premises (n = 105) across Wales, UK. Results indicate that goals in the life domains of Home & Future Living, Relationships, Physical & Mental Health and Learning & Working were prioritized. Goal attainment/restrictions were influenced by perceived control over a goal. Goals that relied upon external factors (i.e., services) reflected a more maladaptive motivational structure, whereas those that relied upon internal (self-focused) barriers to participation reflected an adaptive structure. This research offers practitioners a tool to assist users to ‘plan for the future’ and monitor progress by capturing motivations and assessing factors that might impact the likelihood of a goal being pursued.
{"title":"Goals and Plans Card Sort Task: A Psychometric Assessment Tool to Measure and Support Life Goal Pursuits in People Who've Offended","authors":"J. Davies, Aisling O’Meara, L. Broome","doi":"10.1080/14999013.2022.2081743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2022.2081743","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Models of offender motivation to change exist, however there is a lack of theory-driven psychometric tools that measure motivational constructs to support offenders in positive life goal pursuits. This research extends the Personal Concerns Inventory (Offender Adaptation), presenting a Goals and Plans tool that supports users to: identify and prioritize goals in life domains of importance to them; detail how a goal can be attained; and consider obstacles to attainment. Literature informed the benchmark for the tool, which was evaluated through implementation in Prisons (n = 62) and Approved Premises (n = 105) across Wales, UK. Results indicate that goals in the life domains of Home & Future Living, Relationships, Physical & Mental Health and Learning & Working were prioritized. Goal attainment/restrictions were influenced by perceived control over a goal. Goals that relied upon external factors (i.e., services) reflected a more maladaptive motivational structure, whereas those that relied upon internal (self-focused) barriers to participation reflected an adaptive structure. This research offers practitioners a tool to assist users to ‘plan for the future’ and monitor progress by capturing motivations and assessing factors that might impact the likelihood of a goal being pursued.","PeriodicalId":14052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Mental Health","volume":"22 1","pages":"105 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43491773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-29DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2022.2080305
C. Dell, L. Williamson, H. McKenzie, M. Mela, D. Akça, M. Cruz, T. Ramsum, S. Sultana, N. Camacho Soto, A. Kamal
Abstract Patient oriented research (POR) is new to the healthcare research landscape in Canada and has not yet been applied to the forensic field. This review begins by introducing POR, the POR Level of Engagement Tool, and complimentary approaches used in research with forensic patients. Next, the potential key challenges, paradoxes, and benefits of applying POR to a forensic mental health setting are presented. Drawing on this understanding, a review of our team’s experiences applying the POR Level of Engagement Tool at the Regional Psychiatric Center, a Canadian forensic psychiatric facility, is presented as a case study. The research question supported by our patient advisors and addressed with patients and facility staff was: “What topics do you think we need to know more about to benefit patients at the Regional Psychiatric Center?” We conclude this review article with recommendations on how to meaningfully, and practically, involve forensic psychiatric patients diagnosed with mental disorders in POR when initiating a project. Forensic psychiatric patients can provide insightful knowledge based on their experiences of mental illness to improve the prison health care system and practices.
{"title":"Conducting Patient Oriented Research (POR) in a Forensic Psychiatric Facility: A Case Study of Patient Involvement","authors":"C. Dell, L. Williamson, H. McKenzie, M. Mela, D. Akça, M. Cruz, T. Ramsum, S. Sultana, N. Camacho Soto, A. Kamal","doi":"10.1080/14999013.2022.2080305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2022.2080305","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Patient oriented research (POR) is new to the healthcare research landscape in Canada and has not yet been applied to the forensic field. This review begins by introducing POR, the POR Level of Engagement Tool, and complimentary approaches used in research with forensic patients. Next, the potential key challenges, paradoxes, and benefits of applying POR to a forensic mental health setting are presented. Drawing on this understanding, a review of our team’s experiences applying the POR Level of Engagement Tool at the Regional Psychiatric Center, a Canadian forensic psychiatric facility, is presented as a case study. The research question supported by our patient advisors and addressed with patients and facility staff was: “What topics do you think we need to know more about to benefit patients at the Regional Psychiatric Center?” We conclude this review article with recommendations on how to meaningfully, and practically, involve forensic psychiatric patients diagnosed with mental disorders in POR when initiating a project. Forensic psychiatric patients can provide insightful knowledge based on their experiences of mental illness to improve the prison health care system and practices.","PeriodicalId":14052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Mental Health","volume":"22 1","pages":"159 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46396692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-29DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2022.2078909
Stephanie R. Penney, Treena Wilkie, A. Simpson
Abstract At present, there are few validated tools to assist clinicians in assessing absconding risk and formulating viable risk management plans. In this article, we review existing literature on instrument validity and reliability in relation to absconding among patients in forensic care. We examine the predictive validity of a new risk assessment scale for absconding, the Waypoint Elopement Risk Scale-Historical (WERS-H), and assess its incremental utility against a general violence risk assessment instrument (HCR-20V3). Results from all active inpatients in our service (N = 139) revealed 73 individuals who were responsible for 261 absconding events from 2014 to 2020, representing a similar event frequency from a previous census conducted in 2012, but also reflecting considerable annual fluctuations in rate. Confirming results of earlier studies, the presence of substance use and lengthy durations of forensic supervision emerged as key variables associated with absconding. The WERS-H was found to be a significant predictor of future absconding events (incident rate ratio = 1.21, 95% CI [1.07, 1.38], p = .002) and contributed incrementally over the HCR-20V3 Historical scale, suggesting that the use of an absconding-specific risk tool may yield better predictive accuracy compared to assessment instruments in the domain of general violence or offending.
目前，很少有有效的工具来帮助临床医生评估潜逃风险并制定可行的风险管理计划。在这篇文章中，我们回顾了现有的文献关于仪器效度和信度在法医护理患者中潜逃。我们检验了一种新的潜逃风险评估量表，即路径点私奔风险量表-历史(WERS-H)的预测有效性，并评估了其相对于一般暴力风险评估工具(HCR-20V3)的增量效用。我们服务的所有活跃住院患者(N = 139)的结果显示，从2014年到2020年，73人对261起潜逃事件负责，这与2012年进行的前一次人口普查的事件频率相似，但也反映了相当大的年度波动。证实早期研究的结果，药物使用的存在和长时间的法医监督成为与潜逃相关的关键变量。研究发现，WERS-H是未来潜逃事件的重要预测因子(发生率比= 1.21,95% CI [1.07, 1.38]， p = .002)，并且在HCR-20V3历史量表上的贡献逐渐增加，这表明与一般暴力或犯罪领域的评估工具相比，使用潜逃特定风险工具可能产生更好的预测准确性。
{"title":"How Should the Risk of Absconding Be Assessed? Existing Approaches within Forensic Mental Health Systems and Examination of a New Scale","authors":"Stephanie R. Penney, Treena Wilkie, A. Simpson","doi":"10.1080/14999013.2022.2078909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2022.2078909","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract At present, there are few validated tools to assist clinicians in assessing absconding risk and formulating viable risk management plans. In this article, we review existing literature on instrument validity and reliability in relation to absconding among patients in forensic care. We examine the predictive validity of a new risk assessment scale for absconding, the Waypoint Elopement Risk Scale-Historical (WERS-H), and assess its incremental utility against a general violence risk assessment instrument (HCR-20V3). Results from all active inpatients in our service (N = 139) revealed 73 individuals who were responsible for 261 absconding events from 2014 to 2020, representing a similar event frequency from a previous census conducted in 2012, but also reflecting considerable annual fluctuations in rate. Confirming results of earlier studies, the presence of substance use and lengthy durations of forensic supervision emerged as key variables associated with absconding. The WERS-H was found to be a significant predictor of future absconding events (incident rate ratio = 1.21, 95% CI [1.07, 1.38], p = .002) and contributed incrementally over the HCR-20V3 Historical scale, suggesting that the use of an absconding-specific risk tool may yield better predictive accuracy compared to assessment instruments in the domain of general violence or offending.","PeriodicalId":14052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Mental Health","volume":"22 1","pages":"80 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48805820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-26DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2022.2078908
David Hill, Sabrina Demetrioff
Abstract In this study, we investigated the potential benefits of using an alternative approach for completing court ordered fitness to stand trial assessments in a Canadian forensic mental health service. Using file information, court databases, and an economic analysis, we compared a hospital-based model of evaluation to a court clinic model in a sample of 96 accused persons from 2013 to 2017. Results revealed a significantly shorter time period for forensic report completion in the court clinic group, but no difference in criminal case processing time between groups. There was a higher rate of accused persons opined to be unfit to stand trial in the court clinic group (25.9%) compared to the hospital-based model (7.7%). Report quality varied somewhat between groups, with forensic assessment reports citing mental disorder and relevant case law more often in the court clinic model. Economic analyses indicated there was a marked cost savings associated with completing assessments at court instead of hospital. Our findings suggest there are several benefits for forensic mental health systems in utilizing community-based models of forensic evaluation.
{"title":"Evaluating an Expedited Process to Assess Fitness to Stand Trial in Canada","authors":"David Hill, Sabrina Demetrioff","doi":"10.1080/14999013.2022.2078908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2022.2078908","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, we investigated the potential benefits of using an alternative approach for completing court ordered fitness to stand trial assessments in a Canadian forensic mental health service. Using file information, court databases, and an economic analysis, we compared a hospital-based model of evaluation to a court clinic model in a sample of 96 accused persons from 2013 to 2017. Results revealed a significantly shorter time period for forensic report completion in the court clinic group, but no difference in criminal case processing time between groups. There was a higher rate of accused persons opined to be unfit to stand trial in the court clinic group (25.9%) compared to the hospital-based model (7.7%). Report quality varied somewhat between groups, with forensic assessment reports citing mental disorder and relevant case law more often in the court clinic model. Economic analyses indicated there was a marked cost savings associated with completing assessments at court instead of hospital. Our findings suggest there are several benefits for forensic mental health systems in utilizing community-based models of forensic evaluation.","PeriodicalId":14052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Mental Health","volume":"22 1","pages":"69 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43634279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-26DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2022.2080304
Kate Walker, V. Furtado, J. Yates, T. Dening, B. Völlm, Chris Griffiths
Abstract Older forensic mental health patients have complex needs and requirements; service provision is required to address mental health, offending risk and issues associated with aging (geriatric care). This study aimed to identify the systems and processes that enable valued progress (in terms of quality of life, health, wellbeing, recovery and reduced risk) for older forensic mental health patients. Interviews were conducted with 48 members of staff working with these patients in secure hospitals or the community. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Four overarching themes were identified regarding what facilitated or acted as a barrier in relation to quality of life, health, wellbeing and recovery. Multidisciplinary input, an individualized approach and implementing holistic and needs-led care was found to facilitate progress. However, lack of resources, excluding the patients in care planning, gaps in expertise and knowledge, and a lack of specialized units that could address mental health, forensic and elderly needs were found to be barriers. Extensive, multilevel and wide-ranging support is required specifically for older forensic mental health patients. Joint working is required between older adult and forensic mental health services incorporating geriatric medicine expertise in order to implement co-produced care and treatment plans.
{"title":"Systems and Processes that Enable Progress for Older Forensic Mental Health Patients","authors":"Kate Walker, V. Furtado, J. Yates, T. Dening, B. Völlm, Chris Griffiths","doi":"10.1080/14999013.2022.2080304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2022.2080304","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Older forensic mental health patients have complex needs and requirements; service provision is required to address mental health, offending risk and issues associated with aging (geriatric care). This study aimed to identify the systems and processes that enable valued progress (in terms of quality of life, health, wellbeing, recovery and reduced risk) for older forensic mental health patients. Interviews were conducted with 48 members of staff working with these patients in secure hospitals or the community. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Four overarching themes were identified regarding what facilitated or acted as a barrier in relation to quality of life, health, wellbeing and recovery. Multidisciplinary input, an individualized approach and implementing holistic and needs-led care was found to facilitate progress. However, lack of resources, excluding the patients in care planning, gaps in expertise and knowledge, and a lack of specialized units that could address mental health, forensic and elderly needs were found to be barriers. Extensive, multilevel and wide-ranging support is required specifically for older forensic mental health patients. Joint working is required between older adult and forensic mental health services incorporating geriatric medicine expertise in order to implement co-produced care and treatment plans.","PeriodicalId":14052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Mental Health","volume":"22 1","pages":"93 - 104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45840887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-11DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2022.2041772
J. Ogloff, Arran Rose, Denny Meyer, S. Benson, S. Shepherd, J. Pfeifer, Stephanie Louise, J. Trounson, J. Skues, M. Daffern
Abstract The Australian prison population is increasingly diverse, yet there is limited research assessing the impact of mental health interventions across culturally diverse groups. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a short-term psycho-educational program on psychological distress, symptoms of mental illness, coping processes, cognitive fusion (i.e., attachment to patterns of thinking or specific thoughts) and somatic issues for 124 people in prison. Cross-cultural comparisons for intervention effects were made for three cultural groups: culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD; N = 45), Indigenous Australian (N = 24) and English-speaking background (ESB; N = 55). Several differences in intervention outcomes were observed across the cultural groups. Following completion of the program, ESB participants reported significantly reduced levels of depressive symptoms, avoidance coping, cognitive fusion and somatic issues. CALD participants reported significantly reduced somatic issues post-intervention. No significant differences were found in the Indigenous Australian group. These findings indicate that cultural background may influence the effectiveness of mental health interventions delivered within prisons. As such, prisons should aim to offer specialized culturally appropriate mental health services to meet diverse needs.
{"title":"The Impact of a Short-Term Mental Health Intervention Delivered in an Australian Prison: A Multi-Cultural Comparison","authors":"J. Ogloff, Arran Rose, Denny Meyer, S. Benson, S. Shepherd, J. Pfeifer, Stephanie Louise, J. Trounson, J. Skues, M. Daffern","doi":"10.1080/14999013.2022.2041772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2022.2041772","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Australian prison population is increasingly diverse, yet there is limited research assessing the impact of mental health interventions across culturally diverse groups. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a short-term psycho-educational program on psychological distress, symptoms of mental illness, coping processes, cognitive fusion (i.e., attachment to patterns of thinking or specific thoughts) and somatic issues for 124 people in prison. Cross-cultural comparisons for intervention effects were made for three cultural groups: culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD; N = 45), Indigenous Australian (N = 24) and English-speaking background (ESB; N = 55). Several differences in intervention outcomes were observed across the cultural groups. Following completion of the program, ESB participants reported significantly reduced levels of depressive symptoms, avoidance coping, cognitive fusion and somatic issues. CALD participants reported significantly reduced somatic issues post-intervention. No significant differences were found in the Indigenous Australian group. These findings indicate that cultural background may influence the effectiveness of mental health interventions delivered within prisons. As such, prisons should aim to offer specialized culturally appropriate mental health services to meet diverse needs.","PeriodicalId":14052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Mental Health","volume":"22 1","pages":"14 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42058945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-11DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2022.2060382
J. Jacob, R. Lane, Sophie D’Souza, L. Cracknell, O. White, J. Edbrooke‐Childs
Abstract Parent/carer involvement in their child’s support for mental health difficulties is a critical component of effective care. 13 Community Forensic Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (F:CAMHS) across England were developed to provide specialist support to young people at high risk of harm to self and in particular others, and their families. The aim of this study is to explore parent/carer experiences of Community F:CAMHS. Thematic analysis of interviews (N = 18, from 5 sites) was conducted. Superordinate themes generated focused on 1) facilitators; and 2) barriers to support. Subthemes generated relate primarily to facilitators, particularly empowering parents/carers through the co-production of strategies to help, “holding” cases (taking ownership), and acting on behalf of and supporting parents/carers. Managing clear, joined-up communication across multi-agencies is also of key importance. Barriers to effective support are a lack of joined-up communication at the beginning of the implementation of the services, awareness of Community F:CAMHS, and limited contact. Implications, including the need to further embed the Community F:CAMHS offering in the overall provision of support for this population are discussed. Areas for future research are identified, including the exploration of how young people's characteristics and outcomes may impact parents/carers’ experiences of interacting with services.
{"title":"“If I Didn’t Have Them, I’m Not Sure How I Would Have Coped with Everything Myself”: Empowering and Supporting Parents/Carers of High-Risk Young People Assisted by Community Forensic CAMHS","authors":"J. Jacob, R. Lane, Sophie D’Souza, L. Cracknell, O. White, J. Edbrooke‐Childs","doi":"10.1080/14999013.2022.2060382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2022.2060382","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Parent/carer involvement in their child’s support for mental health difficulties is a critical component of effective care. 13 Community Forensic Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (F:CAMHS) across England were developed to provide specialist support to young people at high risk of harm to self and in particular others, and their families. The aim of this study is to explore parent/carer experiences of Community F:CAMHS. Thematic analysis of interviews (N = 18, from 5 sites) was conducted. Superordinate themes generated focused on 1) facilitators; and 2) barriers to support. Subthemes generated relate primarily to facilitators, particularly empowering parents/carers through the co-production of strategies to help, “holding” cases (taking ownership), and acting on behalf of and supporting parents/carers. Managing clear, joined-up communication across multi-agencies is also of key importance. Barriers to effective support are a lack of joined-up communication at the beginning of the implementation of the services, awareness of Community F:CAMHS, and limited contact. Implications, including the need to further embed the Community F:CAMHS offering in the overall provision of support for this population are discussed. Areas for future research are identified, including the exploration of how young people's characteristics and outcomes may impact parents/carers’ experiences of interacting with services.","PeriodicalId":14052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Mental Health","volume":"22 1","pages":"56 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46608554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-07DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2022.2052999
Laura Freudenthaler, U. Tran, R. Eher
Abstract Men convicted of rape are a heterogenous group among individuals with sexual offending history. This may contribute to the difficulty of establishing adequate treatment during institutionalization and preventing recidivism after release. Therefore, we aimed to identify an empirical typology of individuals convicted of rape based on (a) common criminological variables (age at first offense, number of prior convictions, relation to the victim), (b) offense behavior (alcoholization during the offense) and (c) clinical diagnoses (substance abuse and dependence, psychopathy, sexual sadism, Cluster B personality disorders, paraphilias, paraphilia-related disorders) associated with the risk of sexual offending. Data of N = 575 adult males with raping history were analyzed. We found four types with different profiles in the described variables: an antisocial impulsive, a sexualized, a highly violent and a non-criminal situational type. The types significantly varied in prognostic validity for violent, but not sexual, recidivism. Also, the typology exhibited a slightly higher predictive validity for violent recidivism than Static-99 scores. In contrast to Static-99, the typology failed to significantly predict sexual recidivism. Although the types explained more variance of violent recidivism than Static-99 scores, the value of applying a broad set of risk factors in contrast to combining only few are discussed.
{"title":"Sexual and Violent Recidivism of Empirically-Typed Individuals Convicted of Rape","authors":"Laura Freudenthaler, U. Tran, R. Eher","doi":"10.1080/14999013.2022.2052999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2022.2052999","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Men convicted of rape are a heterogenous group among individuals with sexual offending history. This may contribute to the difficulty of establishing adequate treatment during institutionalization and preventing recidivism after release. Therefore, we aimed to identify an empirical typology of individuals convicted of rape based on (a) common criminological variables (age at first offense, number of prior convictions, relation to the victim), (b) offense behavior (alcoholization during the offense) and (c) clinical diagnoses (substance abuse and dependence, psychopathy, sexual sadism, Cluster B personality disorders, paraphilias, paraphilia-related disorders) associated with the risk of sexual offending. Data of N = 575 adult males with raping history were analyzed. We found four types with different profiles in the described variables: an antisocial impulsive, a sexualized, a highly violent and a non-criminal situational type. The types significantly varied in prognostic validity for violent, but not sexual, recidivism. Also, the typology exhibited a slightly higher predictive validity for violent recidivism than Static-99 scores. In contrast to Static-99, the typology failed to significantly predict sexual recidivism. Although the types explained more variance of violent recidivism than Static-99 scores, the value of applying a broad set of risk factors in contrast to combining only few are discussed.","PeriodicalId":14052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Mental Health","volume":"22 1","pages":"26 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44999361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2022.2053000
Alicia Nijdam-Jones, Eric García-López, Libertad Merchan Rojas, Aura Ruiz Guarneros, B. Rosenfeld
Abstract This prospective study investigated the predictive validity of a culturally adapted version of the Historical-Clinical-Risk Management-20 (HCR-20V3) with a sample of 114 incarcerated males in a medium-security prison in Mexico City. The goal was to integrate a culturally responsive approach to violence risk assessment by incorporating culturally relevant risk factors identified by forensic mental health professionals in Latin America who conduct violence risk assessments. These risk factors related to problematic family and peer relationships, machismo, normalization of violence, and economic disadvantage. Data collection for HCR-20V3 ratings involved clinical interviews and a review of institutional documents; data on aggressive incidents were collected through document review, self-report follow-up interviews, and guard reports. Participants who engaged in institutional violence during the 3-month follow-up period were given significantly higher scores on several culturally relevant risk factors than those who did not engage in institutional violence. Although the culturally adapted HCR-20V3 items did not provide incremental validity to the original HCR-20V3 items, the culturally adapted HCR-20V3 total score produced an area under the ROC curve of .73-.74. The findings provide evidence that the culturally adapted HCR-20V3 has strong predictive validity and the utility of adapting culturally relevant risk factors for the assessment of violence risk.
{"title":"Cross-Cultural Violence Risk Assessment: Adapting the HCR-20V3 for Incarcerated Offenders in Mexico","authors":"Alicia Nijdam-Jones, Eric García-López, Libertad Merchan Rojas, Aura Ruiz Guarneros, B. Rosenfeld","doi":"10.1080/14999013.2022.2053000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2022.2053000","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This prospective study investigated the predictive validity of a culturally adapted version of the Historical-Clinical-Risk Management-20 (HCR-20V3) with a sample of 114 incarcerated males in a medium-security prison in Mexico City. The goal was to integrate a culturally responsive approach to violence risk assessment by incorporating culturally relevant risk factors identified by forensic mental health professionals in Latin America who conduct violence risk assessments. These risk factors related to problematic family and peer relationships, machismo, normalization of violence, and economic disadvantage. Data collection for HCR-20V3 ratings involved clinical interviews and a review of institutional documents; data on aggressive incidents were collected through document review, self-report follow-up interviews, and guard reports. Participants who engaged in institutional violence during the 3-month follow-up period were given significantly higher scores on several culturally relevant risk factors than those who did not engage in institutional violence. Although the culturally adapted HCR-20V3 items did not provide incremental validity to the original HCR-20V3 items, the culturally adapted HCR-20V3 total score produced an area under the ROC curve of .73-.74. The findings provide evidence that the culturally adapted HCR-20V3 has strong predictive validity and the utility of adapting culturally relevant risk factors for the assessment of violence risk.","PeriodicalId":14052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Mental Health","volume":"22 1","pages":"39 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45033508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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