Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2023.2276961
Carey Marr, Sara Singh, Claire Gaskin, John Kasinathan, Trisha Lloyd, Kimberlie Dean
AbstractPast research suggests that diverting young people away from the criminal justice system and into mental health services can reduce subsequent reoffending, but the impact of such programs on the rates of timely mental health service contact are largely unknown. In this study, we examined a sample of 523 young people who were deemed eligible for mental health diversion between 2008 and 2015. Around half (47%) of these young people were granted diversion by a Magistrate. Overall, the levels of timely mental health service contact after court finalization, even for those who were granted diversion, appeared low given that the purpose of diversion is to facilitate such contact for all those diverted. Specifically, only 22% of those who were granted community-based diversion and 62% of individuals granted inpatient-based diversion had mental health service contact within 7 days of court finalization. Rates of health contact were much lower for those who were not granted either type of diversion (8% and 23%, respectively). Diversion was associated with a significant reduction in reoffending rates, but the impact of early mental health service contact was less clear. There is a need to understand the reasons why many young people are not accessing appropriate mental health services following diversion in order to improve outcomes and fully realize the intended benefits of mental health court diversion.Keywords: Mental health court diversionadolesent court diversioncourt liaisonhealth outcomesmental health treatmentjuvenile justiceyouth justice Complete of interestThe authors declare there is no Complete of Interest at this study.Authors’ contributionsCM: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal Analysis, Writing—Original draft preparation; SS: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal Analysis, Writing—Reviewing and Editing; CG: Conceptualization, Writing—Reviewing and Editing; JK: Conceptualization, Writing—Reviewing and Editing; TL: Conceptualization, Writing—Reviewing and Editing; KD: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing—Reviewing and Editing, Supervision, Funding Acquisition.Disclosure statementWe have no conflict of interest to disclose.Ethical approvalAll procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committees [see “Ethics Approval” section in manuscript for more details] and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.AcknowledgmentsWe gratefully acknowledge the Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network (JHFMHN) for their funding and in-kind support for the researchers employed by them, record linkage, data management, and analysis.Notes1 A new act (Mental Health and Cognitive Impairment Forensic Provisions Act 2020) is now in place.2 Fewer than five individuals granted a s 33 diversion had mental health treatment in the community within one week of court finalisation; due to sma
{"title":"Patterns of Mental Health Service Contacts for Young People Deemed Eligible for Court Diversion","authors":"Carey Marr, Sara Singh, Claire Gaskin, John Kasinathan, Trisha Lloyd, Kimberlie Dean","doi":"10.1080/14999013.2023.2276961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2023.2276961","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractPast research suggests that diverting young people away from the criminal justice system and into mental health services can reduce subsequent reoffending, but the impact of such programs on the rates of timely mental health service contact are largely unknown. In this study, we examined a sample of 523 young people who were deemed eligible for mental health diversion between 2008 and 2015. Around half (47%) of these young people were granted diversion by a Magistrate. Overall, the levels of timely mental health service contact after court finalization, even for those who were granted diversion, appeared low given that the purpose of diversion is to facilitate such contact for all those diverted. Specifically, only 22% of those who were granted community-based diversion and 62% of individuals granted inpatient-based diversion had mental health service contact within 7 days of court finalization. Rates of health contact were much lower for those who were not granted either type of diversion (8% and 23%, respectively). Diversion was associated with a significant reduction in reoffending rates, but the impact of early mental health service contact was less clear. There is a need to understand the reasons why many young people are not accessing appropriate mental health services following diversion in order to improve outcomes and fully realize the intended benefits of mental health court diversion.Keywords: Mental health court diversionadolesent court diversioncourt liaisonhealth outcomesmental health treatmentjuvenile justiceyouth justice Complete of interestThe authors declare there is no Complete of Interest at this study.Authors’ contributionsCM: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal Analysis, Writing—Original draft preparation; SS: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal Analysis, Writing—Reviewing and Editing; CG: Conceptualization, Writing—Reviewing and Editing; JK: Conceptualization, Writing—Reviewing and Editing; TL: Conceptualization, Writing—Reviewing and Editing; KD: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing—Reviewing and Editing, Supervision, Funding Acquisition.Disclosure statementWe have no conflict of interest to disclose.Ethical approvalAll procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committees [see “Ethics Approval” section in manuscript for more details] and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.AcknowledgmentsWe gratefully acknowledge the Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network (JHFMHN) for their funding and in-kind support for the researchers employed by them, record linkage, data management, and analysis.Notes1 A new act (Mental Health and Cognitive Impairment Forensic Provisions Act 2020) is now in place.2 Fewer than five individuals granted a s 33 diversion had mental health treatment in the community within one week of court finalisation; due to sma","PeriodicalId":14052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Mental Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135972976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-02DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2023.2251438
Alicia Nijdam-Jones, Stephane Shepherd, Lauren E. Kois
Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Conflict of interestThe authors have no conflicts of interest to report.
点击增加图片大小点击减少图片大小利益冲突作者没有利益冲突需要报告。
{"title":"Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in Forensic Mental Health: An Introduction to the Special Issue","authors":"Alicia Nijdam-Jones, Stephane Shepherd, Lauren E. Kois","doi":"10.1080/14999013.2023.2251438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2023.2251438","url":null,"abstract":"Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Conflict of interestThe authors have no conflicts of interest to report.","PeriodicalId":14052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Mental Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135901470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2023.2258103
Siobhan Neave, Emily Glorney
AbstractThe aims of this research were to explore custodial prison staff and male prisoners’ perceptions toward self-harm, prison system responses and environmental impacts on self-harm. Four staff focus groups (thematic analysis) and 12 semi-structured interviews with male prisoners (interpretative phenomenological analysis) took place in three prisons in England. Prison staff attributed manipulative intention to self-harm; self-harming prisoners felt misunderstood. The prison environment and formal response processes were barriers for care access and provision. Recommendations include staff training in understanding and management of self-harm, supported by a care-focused culture, and fostering safety, security, empowerment and value for both prisoners and staff.Keywords: Prison officersprison staffprisonersself-harmcare AcknowledgementsThank you to the staff and prisoners of this research and the prisons which hosted the research. This research was made possible because of funding from the Magna Carta Leverhulme Trust and support from Professor Lizzie Coles-Kemp, co-supervisor of this research.Disclosure statementWe have no conflict of interest to declare.
{"title":"Caring for Male Prisoners Who Self-Harm: Perceptions, Attitudes and Experiences of Custodial Prison Staff and Male Prisoners in England","authors":"Siobhan Neave, Emily Glorney","doi":"10.1080/14999013.2023.2258103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2023.2258103","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe aims of this research were to explore custodial prison staff and male prisoners’ perceptions toward self-harm, prison system responses and environmental impacts on self-harm. Four staff focus groups (thematic analysis) and 12 semi-structured interviews with male prisoners (interpretative phenomenological analysis) took place in three prisons in England. Prison staff attributed manipulative intention to self-harm; self-harming prisoners felt misunderstood. The prison environment and formal response processes were barriers for care access and provision. Recommendations include staff training in understanding and management of self-harm, supported by a care-focused culture, and fostering safety, security, empowerment and value for both prisoners and staff.Keywords: Prison officersprison staffprisonersself-harmcare AcknowledgementsThank you to the staff and prisoners of this research and the prisons which hosted the research. This research was made possible because of funding from the Magna Carta Leverhulme Trust and support from Professor Lizzie Coles-Kemp, co-supervisor of this research.Disclosure statementWe have no conflict of interest to declare.","PeriodicalId":14052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Mental Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136235634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2023.2250300
Floris W. Kraaimaat, Ruud H. J. Hornsveld
AbstractThere is limited evidence in the literature that hostility, anger, and aggression are involved with social anxiety. The present study examined the relationship of personality traits and aggression with social anxiety and social skills in forensic psychiatric outpatients convicted of a violent crime. Social anxiety was mainly contributed to by neuroticism, state anger, and social skills, while neuroticism and social anxiety were the main contributors to social skills. Anger, next to neuroticism and social skills, appeared to be involved in the outpatients’ social anxiety. Neuroticism and social anxiety were found to be the main contributors to social skills.Keywords: Social anxietysocial skillsangerhostilityaggressionforensic psychiatric outpatients convicted of a violent crime Conflict of interestNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
{"title":"Are Hostility, Anger, and Aggression Involved in the Social Anxiety of Forensic Psychiatric Outpatients Convicted of a Violent Crime?","authors":"Floris W. Kraaimaat, Ruud H. J. Hornsveld","doi":"10.1080/14999013.2023.2250300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2023.2250300","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThere is limited evidence in the literature that hostility, anger, and aggression are involved with social anxiety. The present study examined the relationship of personality traits and aggression with social anxiety and social skills in forensic psychiatric outpatients convicted of a violent crime. Social anxiety was mainly contributed to by neuroticism, state anger, and social skills, while neuroticism and social anxiety were the main contributors to social skills. Anger, next to neuroticism and social skills, appeared to be involved in the outpatients’ social anxiety. Neuroticism and social anxiety were found to be the main contributors to social skills.Keywords: Social anxietysocial skillsangerhostilityaggressionforensic psychiatric outpatients convicted of a violent crime Conflict of interestNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).","PeriodicalId":14052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Mental Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136308037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2023.2256261
Pedro Pechorro, Katie Shircliff, Matt DeLisi, Mário R. Simões, Melissa A. Cyders
AbstractWe examine the psychometric properties of the Weinberger Adjustment Inventory (WAI) from a modern psychometric perspective, including second-order models, better estimation of reliability, and measurement invariance, among a sample of young adults (N = 610, M = 21.33 years, SD = 3.09 years) from Portugal. Results indicated that only the four-factor intercorrelated confirmatory models of the WAI Distress and Restraint scales, and the two-factor intercorrelated confirmatory models of the WAI Defensiveness scales showed adequate fits. The WAI showed good reliability and distinctive correlates with other psychometric measures and criterion variables. Cross-gender measurement invariance was established. Our findings support the WAI as a valid and reliable measure.Keywords: AdjustmentdefensivenessWeinberger adjustment inventory (WAI)validation Conflict of interestThe authors have no conflicts of interest to report.Data availability statementData is available upon reasonable request.
摘要本文从现代心理测量学的角度考察了Weinberger调整量表(WAI)的心理测量特性，包括二阶模型、更好的信度估计和测量不变性，并对来自葡萄牙的年轻人样本(N = 610, M = 21.33, SD = 3.09)进行了研究。结果表明，只有WAI困扰与约束量表的四因子相互关联的验证模型和WAI防御量表的两因子相互关联的验证模型具有足够的拟合性。WAI与其他心理测量指标和标准变量具有良好的信度和显著的相关性。建立了跨性别测量不变性。我们的研究结果支持WAI是一个有效和可靠的测量方法。关键词:调整防御weinberger调整量表(WAI)有效性利益冲突作者无利益冲突报告。数据可用性声明数据可在合理要求下提供。
{"title":"Weinberger Adjustment Inventory Portuguese Version: A Study of Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Measurement Invariance","authors":"Pedro Pechorro, Katie Shircliff, Matt DeLisi, Mário R. Simões, Melissa A. Cyders","doi":"10.1080/14999013.2023.2256261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2023.2256261","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractWe examine the psychometric properties of the Weinberger Adjustment Inventory (WAI) from a modern psychometric perspective, including second-order models, better estimation of reliability, and measurement invariance, among a sample of young adults (N = 610, M = 21.33 years, SD = 3.09 years) from Portugal. Results indicated that only the four-factor intercorrelated confirmatory models of the WAI Distress and Restraint scales, and the two-factor intercorrelated confirmatory models of the WAI Defensiveness scales showed adequate fits. The WAI showed good reliability and distinctive correlates with other psychometric measures and criterion variables. Cross-gender measurement invariance was established. Our findings support the WAI as a valid and reliable measure.Keywords: AdjustmentdefensivenessWeinberger adjustment inventory (WAI)validation Conflict of interestThe authors have no conflicts of interest to report.Data availability statementData is available upon reasonable request.","PeriodicalId":14052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Mental Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134911965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2023.2257641
Denise Dekkers, Marije Keulen-de Vos
AbstractAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been consistently linked to interpersonal violence and are highly prevalent in correctional populations, particularly in men who perpetrate (sexual) violent behavior. Although exposure to ACEs is common in men who perpetrate interpersonal violence, less is known about the differences between men who commit sexual versus non-sexual violence. This cross-sectional study reports on the differences in prevalence of adverse childhood experiences in Dutch men who committed sexual offenses (N = 29) versus those who committed (non-sexual) violent offenses (N = 29), all who have been mandated to forensic clinical care. Drawing on data from a RCT-study among male forensic psychiatric inpatients with cluster B personality disorders from seven forensic hospitals in the Netherlands, the study explored potential differences in ACEs, and its relationship to treatability in the first year of forensic treatment. No significant differences were found in prevalence of childhood abuse and neglect among men convicted for sexual offenses versus those convicted for violent offenses. In our study, ACEs were not predictive of risk relating to treatability at the start of forensic treatment. Our findings suggest that taking into account trauma histories is of equal importance for both offending groups. Implications regarding trauma-informed forensic care are discussed.Keywords: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)treatabilitysexual violenceviolencemandated care AcknowledgementsWe kindly thank all patients for their time and effort spent on the RCT study and the clinical director of the participating forensic hospitals for their support.Conflict of interestThe authors have no conflicts of interest to report.Data availability statementThe data is not available because it is property of the participating forensic hospitals.Box 1 Case examplesMichael was born on the Antilles/Curaçao where he resided with his mom and five brothers. He never met his father. When Michael was eight years old, the family moved to the Netherlands. His mom had to work double shifts to cover the bills and left the boys home alone a lot. His older brothers went out on the street to commit petty crimes and deal drugs, leaving Michael alone often. A neighbor, calling himself “uncle”, came over and helped him with homework and provided him with food. After a while, the uncle took a sexual interest in Michael and performed sexual acts on him and his friends.Max was placed into foster care after his parents physically abused and neglected him. His parents were teenage parents who used a lot of drugs and forgot to take care of Max when they were high. In foster care he was sexually abused by several group leaders. The men visited him at night and touched him. Also, some of the older boys residing in the foster home took advantage of him. They forced him to perform sexual acts on them and threatened him to expose this “secret” if he didn’t do as they asked.Sam
{"title":"Adverse Childhood Experiences and Treatability in Dutch Patients with Cluster B Personality Disorders Mandated to Forensic Clinical Care: A Comparison of Men Convicted for Sexual and Violent Offenses","authors":"Denise Dekkers, Marije Keulen-de Vos","doi":"10.1080/14999013.2023.2257641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2023.2257641","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been consistently linked to interpersonal violence and are highly prevalent in correctional populations, particularly in men who perpetrate (sexual) violent behavior. Although exposure to ACEs is common in men who perpetrate interpersonal violence, less is known about the differences between men who commit sexual versus non-sexual violence. This cross-sectional study reports on the differences in prevalence of adverse childhood experiences in Dutch men who committed sexual offenses (N = 29) versus those who committed (non-sexual) violent offenses (N = 29), all who have been mandated to forensic clinical care. Drawing on data from a RCT-study among male forensic psychiatric inpatients with cluster B personality disorders from seven forensic hospitals in the Netherlands, the study explored potential differences in ACEs, and its relationship to treatability in the first year of forensic treatment. No significant differences were found in prevalence of childhood abuse and neglect among men convicted for sexual offenses versus those convicted for violent offenses. In our study, ACEs were not predictive of risk relating to treatability at the start of forensic treatment. Our findings suggest that taking into account trauma histories is of equal importance for both offending groups. Implications regarding trauma-informed forensic care are discussed.Keywords: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)treatabilitysexual violenceviolencemandated care AcknowledgementsWe kindly thank all patients for their time and effort spent on the RCT study and the clinical director of the participating forensic hospitals for their support.Conflict of interestThe authors have no conflicts of interest to report.Data availability statementThe data is not available because it is property of the participating forensic hospitals.Box 1 Case examplesMichael was born on the Antilles/Curaçao where he resided with his mom and five brothers. He never met his father. When Michael was eight years old, the family moved to the Netherlands. His mom had to work double shifts to cover the bills and left the boys home alone a lot. His older brothers went out on the street to commit petty crimes and deal drugs, leaving Michael alone often. A neighbor, calling himself “uncle”, came over and helped him with homework and provided him with food. After a while, the uncle took a sexual interest in Michael and performed sexual acts on him and his friends.Max was placed into foster care after his parents physically abused and neglected him. His parents were teenage parents who used a lot of drugs and forgot to take care of Max when they were high. In foster care he was sexually abused by several group leaders. The men visited him at night and touched him. Also, some of the older boys residing in the foster home took advantage of him. They forced him to perform sexual acts on them and threatened him to expose this “secret” if he didn’t do as they asked.Sam","PeriodicalId":14052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Mental Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134911515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-21DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2023.2243853
Alicia Nijdam-Jones, J. Cortvriendt, M. Daffern
Abstract In this article, we evaluate the extent to which the International Journal of Forensic Mental Health addresses and incorporates discussion of diversity constructs in its publications. Five years of publishing data from 582 manuscript submissions and 164 published articles were reviewed and coded for the inclusion of several diversity constructs (i.e., sex or gender, race or ethnicity, country, age, culture), how these constructs were included in the research (i.e., part of the hypothesis/aims of the study), and the countries the authors and participants represented. Results indicate that most article submissions, authors, and participant samples came from Europe, North America, and Oceania, and these regions had higher acceptance rates. Most articles included studies of clinical populations, and many authors’ primary affiliations were forensic mental health or correctional services. Less than a third of the article titles and over half of the article abstracts mentioned one of the diversity constructs examined. This is somewhat promising and tells us that the journal is publishing articles reporting and examining aspects of diversity in their samples. However, we argue more can be done. Future research and recommendations for the next steps in improving diversity, equity, and inclusiveness in the publication processes and publications are outlined.
{"title":"Diversity in the International Journal of Forensic Mental Health","authors":"Alicia Nijdam-Jones, J. Cortvriendt, M. Daffern","doi":"10.1080/14999013.2023.2243853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2023.2243853","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article, we evaluate the extent to which the International Journal of Forensic Mental Health addresses and incorporates discussion of diversity constructs in its publications. Five years of publishing data from 582 manuscript submissions and 164 published articles were reviewed and coded for the inclusion of several diversity constructs (i.e., sex or gender, race or ethnicity, country, age, culture), how these constructs were included in the research (i.e., part of the hypothesis/aims of the study), and the countries the authors and participants represented. Results indicate that most article submissions, authors, and participant samples came from Europe, North America, and Oceania, and these regions had higher acceptance rates. Most articles included studies of clinical populations, and many authors’ primary affiliations were forensic mental health or correctional services. Less than a third of the article titles and over half of the article abstracts mentioned one of the diversity constructs examined. This is somewhat promising and tells us that the journal is publishing articles reporting and examining aspects of diversity in their samples. However, we argue more can be done. Future research and recommendations for the next steps in improving diversity, equity, and inclusiveness in the publication processes and publications are outlined.","PeriodicalId":14052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Mental Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48898422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2023.2243856
A. Pillay, A. Kramers-Olen, W. Gowensmith
Abstract The roots of South Africa’s forensic mental health system are plagued by its colonial and apartheid legacy. Extensive forensic waitlists exist partly due to restrictive criminal justice legislation and an under-funded forensic mental health system, predicated largely on European norms and standards. There are several areas of concern in South Africa’s forensic mental health system, which may be viewed as inequitable to Black Africans and other marginalized groups. Black Africans are over-represented in the forensic mental health system, and many defendants are not fluent in English – the official language of the courts. The absence of competency restoration can result in extended detention in forensic hospitals. People with intellectual disabilities are disproportionately targeted for sexual assault, and face significant barriers in attempts to achieve justice. Further, the colonial legacy of the rebuttable presumption of doli incapax (children presumed incapable of forming criminal intent) can affect determinations of children’s criminal capacity. These issues warrant change, including introducing competency restoration, improving systems for testimony by sexual violence survivors with intellectual disabilities, reconsidering the rebuttable presumption in child justice matters, and using psychologists and outpatient evaluations to address the waitlists for forensic examinations. Comparisons are also made with US standards, challenges, and developments, especially in view of the authors’ knowledge of both systems and the common challenges facing them.
{"title":"Inequities in Forensic Mental Health in South Africa and Recommendations for Service Development","authors":"A. Pillay, A. Kramers-Olen, W. Gowensmith","doi":"10.1080/14999013.2023.2243856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2023.2243856","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The roots of South Africa’s forensic mental health system are plagued by its colonial and apartheid legacy. Extensive forensic waitlists exist partly due to restrictive criminal justice legislation and an under-funded forensic mental health system, predicated largely on European norms and standards. There are several areas of concern in South Africa’s forensic mental health system, which may be viewed as inequitable to Black Africans and other marginalized groups. Black Africans are over-represented in the forensic mental health system, and many defendants are not fluent in English – the official language of the courts. The absence of competency restoration can result in extended detention in forensic hospitals. People with intellectual disabilities are disproportionately targeted for sexual assault, and face significant barriers in attempts to achieve justice. Further, the colonial legacy of the rebuttable presumption of doli incapax (children presumed incapable of forming criminal intent) can affect determinations of children’s criminal capacity. These issues warrant change, including introducing competency restoration, improving systems for testimony by sexual violence survivors with intellectual disabilities, reconsidering the rebuttable presumption in child justice matters, and using psychologists and outpatient evaluations to address the waitlists for forensic examinations. Comparisons are also made with US standards, challenges, and developments, especially in view of the authors’ knowledge of both systems and the common challenges facing them.","PeriodicalId":14052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Mental Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42038656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-05DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2023.2183530
Deborah J. Morris, E. Webb, Jemima Worsfold, A. Greenwood
{"title":"Exploring the Psychosocial and Wellbeing Needs of Staff Accessing Trauma Support in Forensic Mental Health Services in the UK: Relations with Demographic, Occupational and Trauma Event Characteristics","authors":"Deborah J. Morris, E. Webb, Jemima Worsfold, A. Greenwood","doi":"10.1080/14999013.2023.2183530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14999013.2023.2183530","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14052,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Mental Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46439929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/14999013.2023.2205664
Tonia L. Nicholls, Yanick Charette, Michael C. Seto, M. Caulet, Nicole M. Muir, Anne G. Crocker
Abstract Indigenous individuals are vastly over-represented among people incarcerated in Canada. We collected extensive clinical information and outcome data from Review Board (RB) files and obtained lifetime criminal records for 1800 individuals found Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder (NCRMD) in BC (n = 222), ON (n = 484), and QC (n = 1094). Indigenous and non-Indigenous people were compared on (a) socio-demographic, clinical, and criminal histories; (b) index offenses; (c) processing by the RB; and (d) recidivism. Compared to published rates of the disproportionate incarceration of Indigenous people in prisons in Canada (30%), just 3.9% of people in custody with an NCRMD finding were identified as Indigenous. Compared to non-Indigenous people, Indigenous people had higher rates of substance use disorders, personality disorders, and lower rates of mood disorders at verdict and came from low population density neighborhoods but high population density homes. Indigenous individuals were detained in custody longer and remained under supervision longer than non-Indigenous individuals but recidivated at similar rates. Criminal histories, mental health characteristics, and index offenses of Indigenous people found NCRMD were similar to non-Indigenous people found NCRMD. Further research is required to determine if seriously mentally ill Indigenous people who come into contact with the justice system are considered for the NCRMD defense similarly to non-Indigenous people and to explore why Indigenous individuals receive more restrictive dispositions, yet time to reoffending is similar.
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