Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.19181/snsp.2023.11.4.6
Roman Petukhov
The subject of this article is related to factors associated with the functioning of self-government as a social process. The main focus is on the level of trust in local authorities by citizens of different age groups. Research shows that trust in local self-government is closely linked to citizens’ civic activity. However, the analysis reveals an interesting situation: young Russians under the age of 25, despite their generally low interest in the socio-political aspects of society, demonstrate a higher level of trust in municipal authorities compared to representatives of other age groups. To study the specifics of the situation in more depth, the author of the article used an approach based on the generational characteristics of Russian society. The aim of the study is to identify the factors that motivate Russians under the age of 25 to trust municipal authorities more than representatives of other age groups. The authors of the article hypothesise that people of different ages may have different preferences for sources of information that shape their attitude towards local self-government, and this affects the level of trust. To test this hypothesis, data from representative population surveys conducted by the Institute of Sociology of the FCTAS RAS in 2016, 2018, and 2021 were used. The analysis of the surveys showed that contemporary Russian youth have a weak understanding of municipal authorities and how they operate in practice. Young people are not interested in traditional mass media through which the main information about municipal authorities is conveyed;instead, they rely on the opinions of people in their social circles. Young people have limited opportunities to obtain information about the activities of municipal authorities directly, as due to their age they have little experience of direct interaction with them. Therefore, an important source of information about municipal authorities for young people becomes observing how the activities of municipal authorities impact their local community. Significant part of young people are satisfied with the results of the activities of local authorities that they can observe. This satisfaction likely contributes to a higher level of trust in municipal authorities among this age group.
{"title":"Features of building trust in municipal authorities among young Russians","authors":"Roman Petukhov","doi":"10.19181/snsp.2023.11.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2023.11.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of this article is related to factors associated with the functioning of self-government as a social process. The main focus is on the level of trust in local authorities by citizens of different age groups. Research shows that trust in local self-government is closely linked to citizens’ civic activity. However, the analysis reveals an interesting situation: young Russians under the age of 25, despite their generally low interest in the socio-political aspects of society, demonstrate a higher level of trust in municipal authorities compared to representatives of other age groups. To study the specifics of the situation in more depth, the author of the article used an approach based on the generational characteristics of Russian society. The aim of the study is to identify the factors that motivate Russians under the age of 25 to trust municipal authorities more than representatives of other age groups. The authors of the article hypothesise that people of different ages may have different preferences for sources of information that shape their attitude towards local self-government, and this affects the level of trust. To test this hypothesis, data from representative population surveys conducted by the Institute of Sociology of the FCTAS RAS in 2016, 2018, and 2021 were used. The analysis of the surveys showed that contemporary Russian youth have a weak understanding of municipal authorities and how they operate in practice. Young people are not interested in traditional mass media through which the main information about municipal authorities is conveyed;instead, they rely on the opinions of people in their social circles. Young people have limited opportunities to obtain information about the activities of municipal authorities directly, as due to their age they have little experience of direct interaction with them. Therefore, an important source of information about municipal authorities for young people becomes observing how the activities of municipal authorities impact their local community. Significant part of young people are satisfied with the results of the activities of local authorities that they can observe. This satisfaction likely contributes to a higher level of trust in municipal authorities among this age group.","PeriodicalId":140749,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicheskaja nauka i social'naja praktika","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.19181/snsp.2023.11.4.10
Viktoria Bruno, M. Pozdnyakova
The article investigates the issue of the production and consumption of unregistered alcohol, specifically moonshine. Based on quantitative and qualitative research data, the involvement of various population groups in Russia in moonshine consumption and production is examined. It is shown that after years of decline, moonshine consumption began to rise again from 2012, almost doubling in volume. The analysis revealed that moonshine consumption is more prevalent among low-income segments of the population and is widely spread in rural areas and small towns, where it is consumed more frequently and in larger quantities. As prosperity increases, moonshine consumption decreases; however, with further economic growth, moonshine consumption starts to rise again. Analysis of interviews with moonshine producers and consumers using qualitative sociology methods, along with expert survey data, helped identify the specific factors and social reasons that drive citizens toward moonshine production and consumption. These include economic factors (savings, accessibility, moonshine as a medium of exchange), safety factors (concern for the quality of the produced moonshine), and socio-cultural factors (moonshine production as a tradition and lifestyle, a means of communication, a hobby, and a form of leisure). Based on the analysis of expert interview data, the state’s ambivalent attitude towards moonshine production and consumption is revealed, recognising the need for regulatory measures in this area but lacking the necessary control tools for moonshine stills and illegal moonshine.
{"title":"The spread of moonshine production in Russia during social crises","authors":"Viktoria Bruno, M. Pozdnyakova","doi":"10.19181/snsp.2023.11.4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2023.11.4.10","url":null,"abstract":"The article investigates the issue of the production and consumption of unregistered alcohol, specifically moonshine. Based on quantitative and qualitative research data, the involvement of various population groups in Russia in moonshine consumption and production is examined. It is shown that after years of decline, moonshine consumption began to rise again from 2012, almost doubling in volume. The analysis revealed that moonshine consumption is more prevalent among low-income segments of the population and is widely spread in rural areas and small towns, where it is consumed more frequently and in larger quantities. As prosperity increases, moonshine consumption decreases; however, with further economic growth, moonshine consumption starts to rise again. Analysis of interviews with moonshine producers and consumers using qualitative sociology methods, along with expert survey data, helped identify the specific factors and social reasons that drive citizens toward moonshine production and consumption. These include economic factors (savings, accessibility, moonshine as a medium of exchange), safety factors (concern for the quality of the produced moonshine), and socio-cultural factors (moonshine production as a tradition and lifestyle, a means of communication, a hobby, and a form of leisure). Based on the analysis of expert interview data, the state’s ambivalent attitude towards moonshine production and consumption is revealed, recognising the need for regulatory measures in this area but lacking the necessary control tools for moonshine stills and illegal moonshine.","PeriodicalId":140749,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicheskaja nauka i social'naja praktika","volume":"1 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139157996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.19181/snsp.2023.11.4.4
Elena Kulagina
This article examines the active employment policy for persons with disabilities of working age, ensuring the transition from social security to employment in welfare states. In the first part of the study, based on international research and EU statistics, the reasons for such a transition, the goals, and the principles of active employment policy in welfare states with social democratic, conservative-corporatist, and neoliberal models are revealed. Criteria and methods for assessing employability are presented to distinguish between persons with disabilities and the unemployed, followed by their allocation to programmes with temporary or permanent forms of support. The pathways for entering the labour market are shown, oriented towards insiders (individuals with preserved or temporarily impaired employability) and outsiders (persons with disabilities with low employment prospects). The socio-demographic characteristics of persons with disabilities affecting their productivity and employability, and determining their needs for selective support measures, are reflected. The principles of “offensive” and “defensive” active employment policies in relation to such individuals, increasing the likelihood of employment and retention in the labour market, are studied and revealed. This includes the obligations of the state, employers and persons with disabilities, aswell as incentive and punitive measures. The volume of public funds allocated to employment policy, the main directions in the expenditure classification system: services, active and passive measures are presented. The structure of expenditures and the purpose of each type of active employment measures for persons with disabilities are revealed, including job creation, start-ups, sheltered and supported employment, rehabilitation, employment incentives, and training. The priorities of active measures for persons with disabilities and employers, which contribute to their employment and retention in the labour market in welfare states with different models, are identified. The trends in the development of active employment policies over the past decade, strategies to increase its effectiveness, priorities for passive and active measures during periods of economic downturn are analysed. The results of the impact of active policies on the employment of persons with moderate and severe disabilities, as well as the consequences of changes in the accessibility of social security for disability and unemployment during the transition from social security to employment, are shown.
{"title":"Active market labour policies towards people with disabilities","authors":"Elena Kulagina","doi":"10.19181/snsp.2023.11.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2023.11.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the active employment policy for persons with disabilities of working age, ensuring the transition from social security to employment in welfare states. In the first part of the study, based on international research and EU statistics, the reasons for such a transition, the goals, and the principles of active employment policy in welfare states with social democratic, conservative-corporatist, and neoliberal models are revealed. Criteria and methods for assessing employability are presented to distinguish between persons with disabilities and the unemployed, followed by their allocation to programmes with temporary or permanent forms of support. The pathways for entering the labour market are shown, oriented towards insiders (individuals with preserved or temporarily impaired employability) and outsiders (persons with disabilities with low employment prospects). The socio-demographic characteristics of persons with disabilities affecting their productivity and employability, and determining their needs for selective support measures, are reflected. The principles of “offensive” and “defensive” active employment policies in relation to such individuals, increasing the likelihood of employment and retention in the labour market, are studied and revealed. This includes the obligations of the state, employers and persons with disabilities, aswell as incentive and punitive measures. The volume of public funds allocated to employment policy, the main directions in the expenditure classification system: services, active and passive measures are presented. The structure of expenditures and the purpose of each type of active employment measures for persons with disabilities are revealed, including job creation, start-ups, sheltered and supported employment, rehabilitation, employment incentives, and training. The priorities of active measures for persons with disabilities and employers, which contribute to their employment and retention in the labour market in welfare states with different models, are identified. The trends in the development of active employment policies over the past decade, strategies to increase its effectiveness, priorities for passive and active measures during periods of economic downturn are analysed. The results of the impact of active policies on the employment of persons with moderate and severe disabilities, as well as the consequences of changes in the accessibility of social security for disability and unemployment during the transition from social security to employment, are shown.","PeriodicalId":140749,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicheskaja nauka i social'naja praktika","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.19181/snsp.2023.11.4.8
E.Yu. Shchegolkova
The aim of this article is to present the results of an analysis of interethnic relations among the population of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, with a focus on identifying local peculiarities and key trends in everyday life that impact ethnic interactions. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive approach to the study of the phenomenon of interethnic relations in a comparative context. For the purposes of this research, this approach combines quantitative and qualitative methods of sociology, statistical data, elements of expert analysis, and personal interviews in various situations. The integration of qualitative and quantitative strategies allows us to examine interethnic relations in the republic from different perspectives. Comparative sociological analysis reveals the spatial levels of interethnic relations and the extent to which they are influenced by specific local-territorial contexts. The use of data from mass republican surveys and materials from interviews and group discussions has enabled the presentation of assessments of interethnic relations, the analysis of the specifics of ethno-cultural composition and land use, the historical memory of the people, the features of ethnic self-awareness, and issues related to ethnic representation. The heterogeneity of the socio-economic space, varying levels of urbanisation in the territory, persistent unemployment levels, and active migration processes were taken into account as circumstances that influence the interethnic climate in the republic. The analysis conducted revealed specific regional features and issues that directly and indirectly determine the level of interethnic tension and stimulate mobilisation strategies. The obtained results can be a part of the social diagnosis of development resources for the republic within the multiethnic North Caucasus macro-region and the development of an effective strategy for regulating interethnic relations that meet the needs and interests of the residents of Kabardino-Balkaria.
{"title":"Features of interethnic relations in the perceptions of residents of a multiethnic region (a case study of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic)","authors":"E.Yu. Shchegolkova","doi":"10.19181/snsp.2023.11.4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2023.11.4.8","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to present the results of an analysis of interethnic relations among the population of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, with a focus on identifying local peculiarities and key trends in everyday life that impact ethnic interactions. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive approach to the study of the phenomenon of interethnic relations in a comparative context. For the purposes of this research, this approach combines quantitative and qualitative methods of sociology, statistical data, elements of expert analysis, and personal interviews in various situations. The integration of qualitative and quantitative strategies allows us to examine interethnic relations in the republic from different perspectives. Comparative sociological analysis reveals the spatial levels of interethnic relations and the extent to which they are influenced by specific local-territorial contexts. The use of data from mass republican surveys and materials from interviews and group discussions has enabled the presentation of assessments of interethnic relations, the analysis of the specifics of ethno-cultural composition and land use, the historical memory of the people, the features of ethnic self-awareness, and issues related to ethnic representation. The heterogeneity of the socio-economic space, varying levels of urbanisation in the territory, persistent unemployment levels, and active migration processes were taken into account as circumstances that influence the interethnic climate in the republic. The analysis conducted revealed specific regional features and issues that directly and indirectly determine the level of interethnic tension and stimulate mobilisation strategies. The obtained results can be a part of the social diagnosis of development resources for the republic within the multiethnic North Caucasus macro-region and the development of an effective strategy for regulating interethnic relations that meet the needs and interests of the residents of Kabardino-Balkaria.","PeriodicalId":140749,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicheskaja nauka i social'naja praktika","volume":"6 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139157883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.19181/snsp.2023.11.4.9
T. Adamyants
The article focuses on latent meanings and semantic nuances in patriotic blogs on the open Zen Internet platform; first, the motivating incentives to enter into communication and, secondly, the verbally manifested emotions and emotional states of the authors of comments and responses to them were revealed. The research task was to obtain data that allows understanding and forecasting trends and the vector of development of socially significant processes that are influenced (may be influenced) by communication interactions in the blogs selected for study. A set of complementary methods was used: motive-target analysis and content analysis. The dominant incentive for the authors of the analyzed blogs to enter into communication was the desire to anal yze in detail the factual and moral aspects of the events and problems covered and to give a personal forecast taking into account the interests of the country. The dominant incentive of the authors of the response comments turned out to be the desire to get an assessment of the problems that concern them, to report their point of view and, most importantly, to get hope for a favorable outcome. A typical latent semantic feature for all participants of communication, which allows positive forecasts and optimism, is confidence in the effectiveness of moral principles, following which will lead to the desired result. The content analysis data recorded a high level of optimism, gaining confidence and relieving anxiety among the authors of comments and responses to them. The complex of the data obtained allows us to conclude that the analyzed blogs have a high potential in optimizing the processes of social adaptation both among the direct participants of communication and within the socio-cultural group that they conventionally represent. The data obtained can be used in making operational managerial, political, socio-cultural and other decisions.
文章重点研究了开放式 Zen 互联网平台上爱国主义博客中的潜在含义和语义细微差别；首先，揭示了进入交流的动机，其次，揭示了评论作者口头表达的情感和情绪状态以及对评论的回应。研究任务是获取数据，以便了解和预测受选定研究博客中交流互动影响（可能受影响）的社会重要进程的趋势和发展矢量。我们使用了一套互补方法：动机-目标分析和内容分析。所分析博客的作者进行交流的主要动机是希望详细分析所涉及事件和问题的事实和道 义方面，并在考虑到国家利益的情况下做出个人预测。回复评论的作者的主要动机是希望对与他们有关的问题进行评估，报告他们的观点，最重要的是，希望得到有利的结果。所有交流参与者都有一个典型的潜在语义特征，那就是对道德原则的有效性充满信心，相信遵循道德原则就能获得理想的结果，从而做出积极的预测和乐观的态度。内容分析数据记录了评论作者的高度乐观、信心和焦虑。通过对所获数据的综合分析，我们可以得出这样的结论：所分析的博客在优化社会适应过程方面具有很大的潜力，无论是在交流的直接参与者之间，还是在他们所代表的社会文化群体内部，都是如此。所获得的数据可用于管理、政治、社会文化和其他方面的决策。
{"title":"Meanings and semantic nuances on open Internet platforms as a subject of sociological study (on the example of patriotic blogs in Zen)","authors":"T. Adamyants","doi":"10.19181/snsp.2023.11.4.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2023.11.4.9","url":null,"abstract":"The article focuses on latent meanings and semantic nuances in patriotic blogs on the open Zen Internet platform; first, the motivating incentives to enter into communication and, secondly, the verbally manifested emotions and emotional states of the authors of comments and responses to them were revealed. The research task was to obtain data that allows understanding and forecasting trends and the vector of development of socially significant processes that are influenced (may be influenced) by communication interactions in the blogs selected for study. A set of complementary methods was used: motive-target analysis and content analysis. The dominant incentive for the authors of the analyzed blogs to enter into communication was the desire to anal yze in detail the factual and moral aspects of the events and problems covered and to give a personal forecast taking into account the interests of the country. The dominant incentive of the authors of the response comments turned out to be the desire to get an assessment of the problems that concern them, to report their point of view and, most importantly, to get hope for a favorable outcome. A typical latent semantic feature for all participants of communication, which allows positive forecasts and optimism, is confidence in the effectiveness of moral principles, following which will lead to the desired result. The content analysis data recorded a high level of optimism, gaining confidence and relieving anxiety among the authors of comments and responses to them. The complex of the data obtained allows us to conclude that the analyzed blogs have a high potential in optimizing the processes of social adaptation both among the direct participants of communication and within the socio-cultural group that they conventionally represent. The data obtained can be used in making operational managerial, political, socio-cultural and other decisions.","PeriodicalId":140749,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicheskaja nauka i social'naja praktika","volume":"8 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.19181/snsp.2023.11.4.11
E. Pryamikova, Elena Shalagina, Olga N. Shikhova
The topic of professional deficits among teachers has become increasingly widespread. The shortage of teaching staff affects not only small but also large cities, leading to the need to fill vacant positions with professionals of varying levels and educational quality. The issue is not just about finding teachers but also retaining them. One solution to this problem is mentorship programmes, that relieve the psychological tension in the situation but do not fully resolve it due to systemic issues in the education system. To identify the factors leading to professional deficits among young teachers, a sociological study was conducted in 2021–2022. The empirical basis for the analysis included survey data from young teachers in the Sverdlovsk region (n = 918) and materials from focus groups with teacher trainees and young educators. The analysis of the research results revealed that the competence deficits of young teachers have an adaptive nature during their transition from university education to working in schools. A typical set of professional deficits includes difficulties in completing mandatory educational documentation, thematic lesson planning, high ambitions, a lack of skills in constructive assessment of real situations, problems in maintaining discipline in the classroom, weak theoretical and practical preparation for communicating with students and implementing special educational technologies, as well as difficulties in working with specific student groups, including those with disabilities. Professional deficits are a cause of unsuccessful adaptation for young professionals, making the process challenging and increasing the likelihood of them abandoning the profession. The main factors exacerbating the issue of deficits include the reduction in the adaptation period for young teachers, increased control and assessment activities by various authorities concerning teachers, high demands for the professionalism of young educators in their first years of teaching, and increased workload of different contents.
{"title":"Young teachers caught between “Scylla” and “Charybdis”: professional deficits in a sociological perspective (case of Sverdlovsk region)","authors":"E. Pryamikova, Elena Shalagina, Olga N. Shikhova","doi":"10.19181/snsp.2023.11.4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2023.11.4.11","url":null,"abstract":"The topic of professional deficits among teachers has become increasingly widespread. The shortage of teaching staff affects not only small but also large cities, leading to the need to fill vacant positions with professionals of varying levels and educational quality. The issue is not just about finding teachers but also retaining them. One solution to this problem is mentorship programmes, that relieve the psychological tension in the situation but do not fully resolve it due to systemic issues in the education system. To identify the factors leading to professional deficits among young teachers, a sociological study was conducted in 2021–2022. The empirical basis for the analysis included survey data from young teachers in the Sverdlovsk region (n = 918) and materials from focus groups with teacher trainees and young educators. The analysis of the research results revealed that the competence deficits of young teachers have an adaptive nature during their transition from university education to working in schools. A typical set of professional deficits includes difficulties in completing mandatory educational documentation, thematic lesson planning, high ambitions, a lack of skills in constructive assessment of real situations, problems in maintaining discipline in the classroom, weak theoretical and practical preparation for communicating with students and implementing special educational technologies, as well as difficulties in working with specific student groups, including those with disabilities. Professional deficits are a cause of unsuccessful adaptation for young professionals, making the process challenging and increasing the likelihood of them abandoning the profession. The main factors exacerbating the issue of deficits include the reduction in the adaptation period for young teachers, increased control and assessment activities by various authorities concerning teachers, high demands for the professionalism of young educators in their first years of teaching, and increased workload of different contents.","PeriodicalId":140749,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicheskaja nauka i social'naja praktika","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.19181/snsp.2023.11.4.2
N. Meshcheryakova, O. Kryshtanovskaya
The article discusses a new subgroup within the ruling class, which is proposed to be called the smart elite. Its functional purpose is strategic planning and leadership in the digitisation of the economy, the state governance system, and more. In this context, digitisation is considered a mechanism for transforming society towards the development of advanced practices and social institutions. From a functional perspective, the identified group is an elite of development. The smart elite is primarily localised within development institutions and a number of near-elite groups, including experts, IT specialists, and businessmen. Its members possess competencies in the areas of strategic planning and project management. Additionally, the smart elite places a high value on advanced digital literacy, including knowledge and skills in working with content management systems (CMS), Google Analytics, Google Tag Manager (GTM), Yandex.Metrica, and others. To recruit individuals into this subgroup, open channels of social mobility have been created within the state, such as the “Leaders of Russia” competition, grants from the Skolkovo Foundation, and the Agency for Strategic Initiatives. The sociocultural meanings that bind the smart elite internally and are transmitted by its members beyond the group are related to activities in the interests of Russia. There is a constant tension between the desire of elite representatives to preserve their acquired power and, therefore, maintain the existing system without change, and the necessity to ensure the technological and social development of the country. At the individual level, this tension manifests as a conflict between conservative protectors and innovators within the power structures. However, the smart elite represents innovators of a special sociocultural type, associated with the formation of horizontal, non-hierarchical relationships in the networked society, including power distribution issues. At the highest echelons of power, the smart elite corresponds to the “networked people” in society; both of these social groups represent prototypes of a new type of stratification within the social system. The need to study the smart elite is linked to the evaluation of the effectiveness of state strategic planning and management, the sufficiency of qualified managerial personnel, and the presence or absence of contradictions between the declared and latent goals of the development institutions within which the smart elite operates.
{"title":"Smart еlite: conceptual framework","authors":"N. Meshcheryakova, O. Kryshtanovskaya","doi":"10.19181/snsp.2023.11.4.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2023.11.4.2","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses a new subgroup within the ruling class, which is proposed to be called the smart elite. Its functional purpose is strategic planning and leadership in the digitisation of the economy, the state governance system, and more. In this context, digitisation is considered a mechanism for transforming society towards the development of advanced practices and social institutions. From a functional perspective, the identified group is an elite of development. The smart elite is primarily localised within development institutions and a number of near-elite groups, including experts, IT specialists, and businessmen. Its members possess competencies in the areas of strategic planning and project management. Additionally, the smart elite places a high value on advanced digital literacy, including knowledge and skills in working with content management systems (CMS), Google Analytics, Google Tag Manager (GTM), Yandex.Metrica, and others. To recruit individuals into this subgroup, open channels of social mobility have been created within the state, such as the “Leaders of Russia” competition, grants from the Skolkovo Foundation, and the Agency for Strategic Initiatives. The sociocultural meanings that bind the smart elite internally and are transmitted by its members beyond the group are related to activities in the interests of Russia. There is a constant tension between the desire of elite representatives to preserve their acquired power and, therefore, maintain the existing system without change, and the necessity to ensure the technological and social development of the country. At the individual level, this tension manifests as a conflict between conservative protectors and innovators within the power structures. However, the smart elite represents innovators of a special sociocultural type, associated with the formation of horizontal, non-hierarchical relationships in the networked society, including power distribution issues. At the highest echelons of power, the smart elite corresponds to the “networked people” in society; both of these social groups represent prototypes of a new type of stratification within the social system. The need to study the smart elite is linked to the evaluation of the effectiveness of state strategic planning and management, the sufficiency of qualified managerial personnel, and the presence or absence of contradictions between the declared and latent goals of the development institutions within which the smart elite operates.","PeriodicalId":140749,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicheskaja nauka i social'naja praktika","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.19181/snsp.2023.11.4.1
N. Velikaya, Anastasia Zaytseva, E. Irsetskaya
Acquiring current sociological information on the features of representing the image of the future in print media is a task that has been highlighted in the context of the integration and consolidation of Russian society in a hybrid reality. Drawing upon theories of the information society and communicative action, the authors examine the information and communicative sphere as determinants in constructing trends in social and political processes, with the media serving as a crucial institution for shaping public opinion. Methods and Empirical Basis: The empirical study was conducted using quantitative and qualitative content analysis and critical discourse analysis of publications in three leading print media outlets during the years 2013-2014 and 20222023. The total sample consisted of 521 articles, with a selected sample of 174 articles published in periodicals such as “Moskovsky Komsomolets”, “Rossiyskaya Gazeta”, “Komsomolskaya Pravda,” and “Novaya Gazeta”. Results and Discussion: It was found that the construction of the image of future Russia is based on two groups of factors – internal (social policy, human capital, traditions, economic development, environmental preservation) and external (Russia’s confrontation, multipolar world). The emotional tone of articles from 2013 to 2023 has acquired more negative connotation; the number of articles containing long-term forecasts has decreased due to the implementation of Special Military Operations (SMO). Dominant discourses that construct the image of future Russia and are most actively propagated in the media were described: the “Russia - Eurasian Colossus” discourse, the breakthrough and overcoming discourse, the “besieged fortress” discourse, the discourse of justice, and the discourse of cancellation. In the future, the Russian Federation is presented as a Eurasian integrator based on cultural traditions, historical heritage, and ideological imperatives of a highly consolidated society. It is portrayed as a future leader in technological development, an economy based on import substitution and breakthrough production capacities, the advancement of science and innovation, effective educational and youth policies. Positive representations of the future create images of Russia as a saviour, a leader of a just world order, which is reflected in articles dedicated to the new multipolar world order. The “besieged fortress” and the discourse of cancellation construct both negative images of the country, incapable of responding to contemporary challenges and overcoming socio-economic development risks, as well as positive images where society and authority establish effective strategies to resist threats and external circumstances.
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Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.19181/snsp.2023.11.2.3
A. Chumikov
Mediation is considered in the article as part of a conflict management theory, which, in turn, is interdisciplinary in nature. The logical chain is presented, according to which it makes sense to conduct theoretical and applied conflict management analysis, plan conflict-regulating actions, as well as build the teaching of conflict management theory. There are four main links in this chain: the methodology of the analysis of social conflict, its situational analysis, the definition of the technology of influencing the situation and the procedure for implementing the chosen technology. It is in the final link that the problems of mediation, or mediation, are present, which is the subject of research in this work. The purpose of the article is to analyze the development of the main directions of non–jurisdictional mediation in Russia and its role as a social regulator, when the parties of civil society follow the law, but have the opportunity to develop broader, diverse and acceptable conditions for resolving disputes. The review of historical prerequisites, the level of modern institutionalization, socially significant functions of the mediation process is carried out. The characteristics of the development of mediation in the state, commercial and civil sectors of society are given. The ways of development of mediation as a professional, educational and educative social resource are discussed. The obstacles to such development are fixed in the form of dominant state regulation of mediation activities, disproportionate use of mediation services and their weak market demand, scattered teaching of mediation-related educational disciplines, negative realities of the world experience. Conclusions are proposed about the need for a more harmonious state-legal regulation of mediation; the importance of developing communication competence, including a unified presentation of the disciplines «Negotiation – facilitation – mediation» in the educational process; the relevance of the education of conflict management literacy as a culture of behavior in conflict situations and the ability to manage them.
{"title":"Mediation in the system of conflict management theory: state and development prospects","authors":"A. Chumikov","doi":"10.19181/snsp.2023.11.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19181/snsp.2023.11.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Mediation is considered in the article as part of a conflict management theory, which, in turn, is interdisciplinary in nature. The logical chain is presented, according to which it makes sense to conduct theoretical and applied conflict management analysis, plan conflict-regulating actions, as well as build the teaching of conflict management theory. There are four main links in this chain: the methodology of the analysis of social conflict, its situational analysis, the definition of the technology of influencing the situation and the procedure for implementing the chosen technology. It is in the final link that the problems of mediation, or mediation, are present, which is the subject of research in this work.\u0000The purpose of the article is to analyze the development of the main directions of non–jurisdictional mediation in Russia and its role as a social regulator, when the parties of civil society follow the law, but have the opportunity to develop broader, diverse and acceptable conditions for resolving disputes. The review of historical prerequisites, the level of modern institutionalization, socially significant functions of the mediation process is carried out. The characteristics of the development of mediation in the state, commercial and civil sectors of society are given. The ways of development of mediation as a professional, educational and educative social resource are discussed. The obstacles to such development are fixed in the form of dominant state regulation of mediation activities, disproportionate use of mediation services and their weak market demand, scattered teaching of mediation-related educational disciplines, negative realities of the world experience. Conclusions are proposed about the need for a more harmonious state-legal regulation of mediation; the importance of developing communication competence, including a unified presentation of the disciplines «Negotiation – facilitation – mediation» in the educational process; the relevance of the education of conflict management literacy as a culture of behavior in conflict situations and the ability to manage them.","PeriodicalId":140749,"journal":{"name":"Sociologicheskaja nauka i social'naja praktika","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131670849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.19181/snsp.2023.11.2.6
Oleg Kazhanov
The article discusses the process of the emergence of socio-electoral research in pre-revolutionary Russia at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries. Using an interdisciplinary approach, the authors make an attempt to link the emergence of scientific interest in understanding the phenomenon of electoral behaviour with the study of the institution of elections in related scientific disciplines – jurisprudence and political science. It is concluded that the practice of this kind of research led representatives of these sciences to formulate the problem of electoral choice, that was rather difficult to solve within the framework of traditional methodological directions. The appeal to sociological approaches of the theoretical and empirical levels made it possible to advance in the study of electoral issues and led researchers to the idea of separating its part into the area of special scientific research. The main stages of the formation of socio-electoral research are analysed: from the first attempts to study electoral behaviour in order to solve legal and political problems in the aspect of understanding the institution of elections to the emergence of the idea of creating a special sociological discipline, within which the phenomenon of electoral choice should be considered. The heuristic guesses of scientists of pre-revolutionary Russia are highlighted, that anticipated a number of research areas in the electoral sociology of the twentieth century. The methods of empirical electoral research, that were first tested in the practice of scientific and sociological work, are analysed. It is noted that neither the level of development of the institution of elections, nor the level of scientific methodology and methods of sociological research in pre-revolutionary Russia contributed to the formation of a special scientific discipline - electoral sociology, and subsequent political events in the country blocked this process for a long historical time.
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