J. Aneke, C. Chigbo, Perpetua Emeh, F. Ifediata, C. Efobi, U. Chilaka, Nkechinyere Ibekwe, T. Ezeh, Chiamaka Aneke
Background: Blood transfusion reactions contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of both in- and outpatients in hospitals globally. Developing adequate protocols for detecting and reporting this complication is key to attaining global blood transfusion safety. Objective: The objective of the study was to review the frequency of blood transfusion reactions and the adequacy of institutional hemovigilance efforts in a Nigerian hospital. Materials and Methods: Records of patients that had blood transfusion reactions (cases) and those that did not (controls) were analyzed over a 2-year period. Sociodemographic information, transfusion and admission histories, primary diagnoses, as well as transfusion reaction details (where applicable) were recorded. Data were analyzed using STATA 16.1 (StataCorp. 2019, Stata Statistical Software: Release 16, College Station, TX: StataCorp LLC). Sociodemographic characteristics were presented in frequency tables and charts, whereas relationships between study variables were compared using the Chi-square and the Person Correlation. P value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant (confidence level = 95%). Results: One death was recorded among the cases during the study, whereas febrile nonhemolytic reactions constituted the most type of reaction (41.5%). Only 37.5% of reactions were investigated, and none was reported to the hospital blood transfusion/hemovigilance committee. There was no significant association between the study-related variables and the type of reaction or the likelihood of experiencing a new reaction with subsequent transfusions (P values all > 0.05). Conclusion: Febrile reactions are the commonest complication of blood transfusion in our data set; institutional hemovigilance efforts remain suboptimal and should be further strengthened.
{"title":"Blood transfusion reactions and institutional hemovigilance protocols: A 2-year retrospective single center audit","authors":"J. Aneke, C. Chigbo, Perpetua Emeh, F. Ifediata, C. Efobi, U. Chilaka, Nkechinyere Ibekwe, T. Ezeh, Chiamaka Aneke","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_62_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_62_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Blood transfusion reactions contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of both in- and outpatients in hospitals globally. Developing adequate protocols for detecting and reporting this complication is key to attaining global blood transfusion safety. Objective: The objective of the study was to review the frequency of blood transfusion reactions and the adequacy of institutional hemovigilance efforts in a Nigerian hospital. Materials and Methods: Records of patients that had blood transfusion reactions (cases) and those that did not (controls) were analyzed over a 2-year period. Sociodemographic information, transfusion and admission histories, primary diagnoses, as well as transfusion reaction details (where applicable) were recorded. Data were analyzed using STATA 16.1 (StataCorp. 2019, Stata Statistical Software: Release 16, College Station, TX: StataCorp LLC). Sociodemographic characteristics were presented in frequency tables and charts, whereas relationships between study variables were compared using the Chi-square and the Person Correlation. P value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant (confidence level = 95%). Results: One death was recorded among the cases during the study, whereas febrile nonhemolytic reactions constituted the most type of reaction (41.5%). Only 37.5% of reactions were investigated, and none was reported to the hospital blood transfusion/hemovigilance committee. There was no significant association between the study-related variables and the type of reaction or the likelihood of experiencing a new reaction with subsequent transfusions (P values all > 0.05). Conclusion: Febrile reactions are the commonest complication of blood transfusion in our data set; institutional hemovigilance efforts remain suboptimal and should be further strengthened.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85577790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Jimoh, R. Lemboye-Bello, O. Ogunjinrin, AdewaleMukaila Alayo
Gartner’s duct cyst (GDC) is a remnant of the mesonephric (Wolffian) duct in females. The GDC is formed from the persistence of some portions of the mesonephric duct in adult females resulting in small-sized cysts usually in the anterolateral vaginal wall but could be found elsewhere along the tract of the duct. The case of a 33-year-old para 5+1 (three alive) woman who had GDC is reported. The patient presented with incidental findings of a vaginal mass during gynecological evaluation and subsequently had dyspareunia. A provisional diagnosis of GDC was made and this was confirmed by transvaginal ultrasound. The patient had transvaginal excision of the cyst and histological confirmation of a benign cystic lesion with the diagnosis of GDC. GDC is a rare entity and clinical examination revealing a cystic vaginal wall mass with or without symptoms should raise a high suspicion of this condition.
{"title":"Can Gartner’s duct cyst trigger marital disharmony? A case report","authors":"O. Jimoh, R. Lemboye-Bello, O. Ogunjinrin, AdewaleMukaila Alayo","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_75_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_75_22","url":null,"abstract":"Gartner’s duct cyst (GDC) is a remnant of the mesonephric (Wolffian) duct in females. The GDC is formed from the persistence of some portions of the mesonephric duct in adult females resulting in small-sized cysts usually in the anterolateral vaginal wall but could be found elsewhere along the tract of the duct. The case of a 33-year-old para 5+1 (three alive) woman who had GDC is reported. The patient presented with incidental findings of a vaginal mass during gynecological evaluation and subsequently had dyspareunia. A provisional diagnosis of GDC was made and this was confirmed by transvaginal ultrasound. The patient had transvaginal excision of the cyst and histological confirmation of a benign cystic lesion with the diagnosis of GDC. GDC is a rare entity and clinical examination revealing a cystic vaginal wall mass with or without symptoms should raise a high suspicion of this condition.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89339703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Unruptured sinus of valsalva aneursym is an incidental, relatively rare finding on cardiac imaging and is often found in association with other cardiac defects with ventricular septal defect as the commonest. It presents a diagnostic challenge on transthoracic echocardiography in coexistence with ventricular septal defect in adulthood, mimicking other cardiac defects. Unruptured sinus of valsalva aneurysm coexisting with ventricular septal defect usually presents with symptoms of rupture—a surgical emergency in the third and fourth decade of life. We report a case of a 24-year-old single mother referred to the Cardiology Clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital with 5 months symptoms of heart failure. Investigations showed cardiomegaly, prominent pulmonary conus, and upper lobe vessel diversion on chest x-ray. There were bigeminal premature ventricular contractions, left atrial abnormality, biventricular hypertrophy with a right strain on electrocardiogram, and bidirectional membranous ventricular septal defect with right sinus of valsalva aneurysm on transthoracic echocardiography.
{"title":"Unruptured sinus of valsalva aneurysm coexisting with ventricular septal defect","authors":"N. Udora, A. Ojiakor, N. Oguanobi, R. Anakwue","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_61_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_61_22","url":null,"abstract":"Unruptured sinus of valsalva aneursym is an incidental, relatively rare finding on cardiac imaging and is often found in association with other cardiac defects with ventricular septal defect as the commonest. It presents a diagnostic challenge on transthoracic echocardiography in coexistence with ventricular septal defect in adulthood, mimicking other cardiac defects. Unruptured sinus of valsalva aneurysm coexisting with ventricular septal defect usually presents with symptoms of rupture—a surgical emergency in the third and fourth decade of life. We report a case of a 24-year-old single mother referred to the Cardiology Clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital with 5 months symptoms of heart failure. Investigations showed cardiomegaly, prominent pulmonary conus, and upper lobe vessel diversion on chest x-ray. There were bigeminal premature ventricular contractions, left atrial abnormality, biventricular hypertrophy with a right strain on electrocardiogram, and bidirectional membranous ventricular septal defect with right sinus of valsalva aneurysm on transthoracic echocardiography.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84224801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic shook the world, claimed a lot of lives, incapacitated many, and forced majority of the world into a lockdown. Vaccination is the key strategy to tackling the virus. Objectives: To ascertain the level of vaccination and the difficulties associated with vaccination, among clinical medical students in Enugu, South-East Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A multistage sampling was used to select 160 respondents while questionnaires (hard and soft copy) were administered to the participants. The IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was used for data entry and data analysis. Results: There was a poor (16.3%) knowledge, negative perception (66.3%), and poor uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine (20.6%). There were statistically significant relationships between vaccination status, knowledge of vaccine, age, and perception of the vaccine (P = 0.000) as well as between level of training and vaccine perception (P = 0.03). Conclusion: There was very low level of COVID-19 vaccination in the study population that may be attributable to the low knowledge of the vaccine and the high negative perception. The rush to development of the vaccine, possible side effects, and possible long-term complications may be contributory to the poor uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine among the study respondents.
{"title":"COVID-19 vaccine uptake among clinical medical students in Enugu, Nigeria","authors":"C. Idoko, I. Chidolue, N. Ibiok, Kingsley Eze","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_65_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_65_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The COVID-19 pandemic shook the world, claimed a lot of lives, incapacitated many, and forced majority of the world into a lockdown. Vaccination is the key strategy to tackling the virus. Objectives: To ascertain the level of vaccination and the difficulties associated with vaccination, among clinical medical students in Enugu, South-East Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A multistage sampling was used to select 160 respondents while questionnaires (hard and soft copy) were administered to the participants. The IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was used for data entry and data analysis. Results: There was a poor (16.3%) knowledge, negative perception (66.3%), and poor uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine (20.6%). There were statistically significant relationships between vaccination status, knowledge of vaccine, age, and perception of the vaccine (P = 0.000) as well as between level of training and vaccine perception (P = 0.03). Conclusion: There was very low level of COVID-19 vaccination in the study population that may be attributable to the low knowledge of the vaccine and the high negative perception. The rush to development of the vaccine, possible side effects, and possible long-term complications may be contributory to the poor uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine among the study respondents.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83736226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Ogugua, K. Achigbu, Denning Chukwumam, C. Ejim, Eunice Enabulele, Chioma Friday-Edeh, Hope O. Nwoga, E. Nwazor, Johnson Mafuka, Somtochukwu Akunne
Background: Healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance are both largely prevented through hand hygiene. There are still gaps in hand hygiene knowledge and routine use of alcohol-based hand rub among healthcare workers. Objectives: This study assessed the knowledge of hand hygiene and the use of alcohol-based hand rub among interns at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 230 interns using a structured WHO hand hygiene knowledge questionnaire. A two-stage sampling technique was employed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out and p-value was set at ≤ 0.05. Results: Two respondents (0.9%) had good knowledge of hand hygiene while slightly more than half (117/230, 50.9%) had moderate knowledge. Also 50.9% (n = 117) used alcohol-based hand rub. Majority of the respondents, 140 (60.9%) had attended training in hand hygiene. Sex was significantly associated with the knowledge of hand hygiene (p=0.03) as male respondents had a higher proportion of good knowledge while having received training on hand hygiene was significantly associated with routine use of hand hygiene (p=0.004). Conclusions: Since only very few of the interns had overall good knowledge of hand hygiene, targeted structured training on hand hygiene and infection prevention and control practices to improve the knowledge of such healthcare workers is highly recommended.
{"title":"Knowledge of hand hygiene and use of alcohol-based hand rub among interns in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Facility","authors":"I. Ogugua, K. Achigbu, Denning Chukwumam, C. Ejim, Eunice Enabulele, Chioma Friday-Edeh, Hope O. Nwoga, E. Nwazor, Johnson Mafuka, Somtochukwu Akunne","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_67_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_67_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Healthcare-associated infections and antimicrobial resistance are both largely prevented through hand hygiene. There are still gaps in hand hygiene knowledge and routine use of alcohol-based hand rub among healthcare workers. Objectives: This study assessed the knowledge of hand hygiene and the use of alcohol-based hand rub among interns at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 230 interns using a structured WHO hand hygiene knowledge questionnaire. A two-stage sampling technique was employed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out and p-value was set at ≤ 0.05. Results: Two respondents (0.9%) had good knowledge of hand hygiene while slightly more than half (117/230, 50.9%) had moderate knowledge. Also 50.9% (n = 117) used alcohol-based hand rub. Majority of the respondents, 140 (60.9%) had attended training in hand hygiene. Sex was significantly associated with the knowledge of hand hygiene (p=0.03) as male respondents had a higher proportion of good knowledge while having received training on hand hygiene was significantly associated with routine use of hand hygiene (p=0.004). Conclusions: Since only very few of the interns had overall good knowledge of hand hygiene, targeted structured training on hand hygiene and infection prevention and control practices to improve the knowledge of such healthcare workers is highly recommended.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72889971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Agu, C. Mbachu, I. Agu, C. Okeke, M. Ndubuisi, N. Ezumah, O. Onwujekwe
Background: Although there are numerous information on sexual and reproductive health (SRH), these vary in content and quality. Objectives: This study examined the sources of SRH information, its value, and their significance for adolescent health programming. Materials and Methods: This was a mixed methods, community-based study conducted in six local government areas. Quantitative data were collected from 1057 unmarried adolescents aged 13–18 years. The qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews (IDIs), and focus group discussions (FGDs). Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed for quantitative data using Stata software, while thematic framework approach was used to analyze qualitative data. Results: Adolescents reported school teachers (60.5%) and mothers (39.8%) as their major sources of information on signs of puberty. While, teachers (36.3%) and friends/peers (29.8%) were reported as their major source of information on relationship with opposite sex. Bivariate analysis shows that gender had statistically significant associations with parents/guardians (P < 0.001), other family members (P < 0.001), and friends (P = 0.01) as adolescents’ sources of information about relationship with opposite sex. Age category was found to be statistically significant associated with other family members (P < 0.001), teachers (P < 0.01), and friends (P < 0.001) as adolescents’ sources of information about puberty. Other common sources of SRH information elicited through adolescents’ interviews were internet, social media and mass media. Most adolescents valued information from teachers and parents, but preferred receiving SRH information from their friends/peers, social media and mass media because these sources are easy to access with a guarantee of some level of confidentiality. In the opinion of parents and other stakeholders, sources of appropriate SRH information for adolescents were health workers, teachers, parents and adult family members; whereas peers/friends and social media were considered as inappropriate sources of SRH information for adolescents. Conclusion: Efforts at addressing adolescents’ needs for SRH information should be targeted at their valued and preferred sources, whilst maintaining a delicate balance with the expectations of parents and other adults.
{"title":"Assessing current and preferred sources of information on adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health in Southeast Nigeria: A mixed-methods study","authors":"C. Agu, C. Mbachu, I. Agu, C. Okeke, M. Ndubuisi, N. Ezumah, O. Onwujekwe","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_55_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_55_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although there are numerous information on sexual and reproductive health (SRH), these vary in content and quality. Objectives: This study examined the sources of SRH information, its value, and their significance for adolescent health programming. Materials and Methods: This was a mixed methods, community-based study conducted in six local government areas. Quantitative data were collected from 1057 unmarried adolescents aged 13–18 years. The qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews (IDIs), and focus group discussions (FGDs). Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed for quantitative data using Stata software, while thematic framework approach was used to analyze qualitative data. Results: Adolescents reported school teachers (60.5%) and mothers (39.8%) as their major sources of information on signs of puberty. While, teachers (36.3%) and friends/peers (29.8%) were reported as their major source of information on relationship with opposite sex. Bivariate analysis shows that gender had statistically significant associations with parents/guardians (P < 0.001), other family members (P < 0.001), and friends (P = 0.01) as adolescents’ sources of information about relationship with opposite sex. Age category was found to be statistically significant associated with other family members (P < 0.001), teachers (P < 0.01), and friends (P < 0.001) as adolescents’ sources of information about puberty. Other common sources of SRH information elicited through adolescents’ interviews were internet, social media and mass media. Most adolescents valued information from teachers and parents, but preferred receiving SRH information from their friends/peers, social media and mass media because these sources are easy to access with a guarantee of some level of confidentiality. In the opinion of parents and other stakeholders, sources of appropriate SRH information for adolescents were health workers, teachers, parents and adult family members; whereas peers/friends and social media were considered as inappropriate sources of SRH information for adolescents. Conclusion: Efforts at addressing adolescents’ needs for SRH information should be targeted at their valued and preferred sources, whilst maintaining a delicate balance with the expectations of parents and other adults.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82734518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Idoko, I. Chidolue, Chinelo Idoko, Chibueze Eze, Emmanuel Ucheya
Background: Substance abuse is simply the use of illegal drugs, prescription/over-the-counter drugs as well as alcohol for purposes other than they are designated for, or in excessive amounts. Indulgence in these is high among students, with attendant negative consequences. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of substance use among the students, factors influencing use and the effect on academic performance. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study with respondents selected by simple random sampling. Structured questionnaires were self-administered and data analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: Caffeine (170/300, 56.7%) happened to be the substance mostly abused and cannabis least abused (6/300, 2%). The major reason for the excessive usage of caffeine was for alertness (215/300, 71.7%) during exams period. There was no significant association between drug use prevalence and improvement in respondents reading pattern/ability to effectively concentrate at lectures. However, there existed a significant association between respondents’ sociodemographics (age, sex) and prevalence of substance use (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Substance abuse is common among medical students and it is influenced by some sociodemographic factors. Substance use had no significant effect on the academics of the study participants. Stress management strategies/courses should be included in the medical education curriculum.
{"title":"Substance abuse among medical students of a Nigerian University: Prevalence, factors influencing use, and effects on academic performance","authors":"C. Idoko, I. Chidolue, Chinelo Idoko, Chibueze Eze, Emmanuel Ucheya","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_73_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_73_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Substance abuse is simply the use of illegal drugs, prescription/over-the-counter drugs as well as alcohol for purposes other than they are designated for, or in excessive amounts. Indulgence in these is high among students, with attendant negative consequences. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of substance use among the students, factors influencing use and the effect on academic performance. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study with respondents selected by simple random sampling. Structured questionnaires were self-administered and data analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: Caffeine (170/300, 56.7%) happened to be the substance mostly abused and cannabis least abused (6/300, 2%). The major reason for the excessive usage of caffeine was for alertness (215/300, 71.7%) during exams period. There was no significant association between drug use prevalence and improvement in respondents reading pattern/ability to effectively concentrate at lectures. However, there existed a significant association between respondents’ sociodemographics (age, sex) and prevalence of substance use (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Substance abuse is common among medical students and it is influenced by some sociodemographic factors. Substance use had no significant effect on the academics of the study participants. Stress management strategies/courses should be included in the medical education curriculum.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85982224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Ojo, A. Ajibare, A. Odeyemi, T. Fapohunda, O. Adeyeye
Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) suffer a disproportionate burden of asthma-related deaths. This may be attributed to the underdiagnosis and undertreatment. It remains unclear the extent to which the access to utility of peak flow meters (PFMs) affect the mortality rates recorded across LMICs. The purpose of this narrative review was to offer a comprehensive overview of PFMs’ clinical value for diagnosing and monitoring asthma in low- and middle-income nations. Using the standards for conducting a narrative review, this paper carried out a literature search on three major databases: Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and PubMed. Search terms were created from the variables present in the topic and strung together to find relevant literature. Exclusion criteria were used to ensure that the chosen articles were relevant after a trickle of articles was collected from various databases on the internet. There is limited knowledge about the clinical utility of PFM in LMICs despite the evidence that it can be used to demonstrate large airway obstruction. There is also limited access to the device in most health facilities and patients for self-monitoring. There is a need for more awareness on the usefulness of peak flow among doctors on the utility of the device for asthma diagnosis and monitoring. There is also a need for more research to assess the impact of the poor use of the device on asthma diagnosis, management, and overall outcome.
{"title":"Clinical utility of peak flow meter in asthma diagnosis and monitoring in low- and middle-income countries: A narrative review","authors":"O. Ojo, A. Ajibare, A. Odeyemi, T. Fapohunda, O. Adeyeye","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_4_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_4_23","url":null,"abstract":"Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) suffer a disproportionate burden of asthma-related deaths. This may be attributed to the underdiagnosis and undertreatment. It remains unclear the extent to which the access to utility of peak flow meters (PFMs) affect the mortality rates recorded across LMICs. The purpose of this narrative review was to offer a comprehensive overview of PFMs’ clinical value for diagnosing and monitoring asthma in low- and middle-income nations. Using the standards for conducting a narrative review, this paper carried out a literature search on three major databases: Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and PubMed. Search terms were created from the variables present in the topic and strung together to find relevant literature. Exclusion criteria were used to ensure that the chosen articles were relevant after a trickle of articles was collected from various databases on the internet. There is limited knowledge about the clinical utility of PFM in LMICs despite the evidence that it can be used to demonstrate large airway obstruction. There is also limited access to the device in most health facilities and patients for self-monitoring. There is a need for more awareness on the usefulness of peak flow among doctors on the utility of the device for asthma diagnosis and monitoring. There is also a need for more research to assess the impact of the poor use of the device on asthma diagnosis, management, and overall outcome.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84158452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Obembe, T. Abayomi, O. Tokunbo, Joseph Dare, T. Usman
Background: Cucumis sativus (cucumber) is regarded as a healthy fruit because of the beneficial effects of its phytochemical constituents. However, there is a deficit of information about its effect on male reproductive physiology. Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of C. sativus (AECS) on male reproductive hormones, oxidative stress biomarkers, and lipid profile. Materials and Methods: Ten male rats were randomly assigned into two (control and treated) groups (n = 5). In the treated group, a single dose of AECS (500 mg/kg) was administered daily for 6 weeks and thereafter sacrificed under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. Blood was collected and analyzed for sex hormones, antioxidants, and lipid profile markers. The testicular homogenate was also analyzed for antioxidants. Results: The AECS increased (P < 0.05) serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels (4.43 ± 0.34 and 7.50 ± 1.31, respectively) when compared with the control. Also, testicular catalase and serum level of high-density lipoprotein were increased (27.45 ± 0.19 and 30.08 ± 5.22, respectively) (P < 0.05), whereas serum low-density lipoprotein decreased (72.79 ± 9.56) (P < 0.05) in the extract treated rats. However, serum antioxidant levels were not affected. Conclusions: AECS is beneficial to male reproductive physiology evidenced by improved lipid profile and hormonal indices. Also, the integrity of the testicular redox profile was well maintained.
{"title":"Sex hormones, antioxidants and lipid profile of aqueous Cucumis sativus L. (cucumber) treated male rats","authors":"O. Obembe, T. Abayomi, O. Tokunbo, Joseph Dare, T. Usman","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_45_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_45_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cucumis sativus (cucumber) is regarded as a healthy fruit because of the beneficial effects of its phytochemical constituents. However, there is a deficit of information about its effect on male reproductive physiology. Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of C. sativus (AECS) on male reproductive hormones, oxidative stress biomarkers, and lipid profile. Materials and Methods: Ten male rats were randomly assigned into two (control and treated) groups (n = 5). In the treated group, a single dose of AECS (500 mg/kg) was administered daily for 6 weeks and thereafter sacrificed under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. Blood was collected and analyzed for sex hormones, antioxidants, and lipid profile markers. The testicular homogenate was also analyzed for antioxidants. Results: The AECS increased (P < 0.05) serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels (4.43 ± 0.34 and 7.50 ± 1.31, respectively) when compared with the control. Also, testicular catalase and serum level of high-density lipoprotein were increased (27.45 ± 0.19 and 30.08 ± 5.22, respectively) (P < 0.05), whereas serum low-density lipoprotein decreased (72.79 ± 9.56) (P < 0.05) in the extract treated rats. However, serum antioxidant levels were not affected. Conclusions: AECS is beneficial to male reproductive physiology evidenced by improved lipid profile and hormonal indices. Also, the integrity of the testicular redox profile was well maintained.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83334386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Uchenwoke, Oliver Mba, I. Anieto, S. Ede, A. Ezeukwu, C. Okoh
Background: Occupational prestige defines the social standing of a profession. It is a useful indicator of the profession’s marketability and desirability. Objectives: This study aimed at determining the perception of Nigerian students on the prestige of the physiotherapy profession relative to some other selected occupations, and how their perception was influenced by some selected sociodemographics. Materials and Methods: Four hundred and twenty-two copies of a self-administered questionnaire were distributed, completed, and returned from students on the two campuses in Southeastern Nigeria. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kendall’s W, and chi-square analysis. Results: Respondents included 212 males (50.2%) and 210 females (49.8%). Most of them were between the ages of 20 and 30 years (88.6%). The result of the study showed that Physiotherapy was ranked second on the levels of education, social standing, and responsibility; and third on the levels of income and usefulness to society. The only sociodemographics that influenced the overall perceived occupational prestige of the Physiotherapy profession significantly were age and gender (P < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a need to further improve and maintain the social standing of the physiotherapy profession, to bring about a more improved perception of their profession by the students and the public.
{"title":"The occupational prestige of the physiotherapy profession: Perception of physiotherapy students","authors":"C. Uchenwoke, Oliver Mba, I. Anieto, S. Ede, A. Ezeukwu, C. Okoh","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_35_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_35_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Occupational prestige defines the social standing of a profession. It is a useful indicator of the profession’s marketability and desirability. Objectives: This study aimed at determining the perception of Nigerian students on the prestige of the physiotherapy profession relative to some other selected occupations, and how their perception was influenced by some selected sociodemographics. Materials and Methods: Four hundred and twenty-two copies of a self-administered questionnaire were distributed, completed, and returned from students on the two campuses in Southeastern Nigeria. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kendall’s W, and chi-square analysis. Results: Respondents included 212 males (50.2%) and 210 females (49.8%). Most of them were between the ages of 20 and 30 years (88.6%). The result of the study showed that Physiotherapy was ranked second on the levels of education, social standing, and responsibility; and third on the levels of income and usefulness to society. The only sociodemographics that influenced the overall perceived occupational prestige of the Physiotherapy profession significantly were age and gender (P < 0.05). Conclusion: There is a need to further improve and maintain the social standing of the physiotherapy profession, to bring about a more improved perception of their profession by the students and the public.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76935250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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