Walter Nwafia, I. Nwafia, Chinelo Okafor, Kalu O. Obasi, A. Nkwa
Background: Vehicle emission gases have continued to play a significant role in causing air pollution and pose a significant global health challenge. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the impact of vehicle emissions on the cardiorespiratory parameters of workers in motor parks. Materials and Methods: A combination of stratified sampling and simple random samplings were used in selecting the 11 motor parks and 330 participants that were surveyed. A pretested questionnaire was used to assess the demographic factors and symptoms of cardiorespiratory diseases. Blood pressure, respiratory rates, and pulse rates were measured using electronic sphygmomanometer. The levels of carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter were measured using gas sensor. Data were analyzed by both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The cluster mean levels of CO, PM2.5, NO2 levels, and SO2 concentrations in the parks were 5.3 mg/m3, 4.9 μg/m3, 40 μg/m3, and 44 μg/m3, respectively. Of the 330 participants, 257 (77.9%) were males. The highest age group of participants came from 36 to 46 years bracket. Most of the participants had secondary education 171 (51.8%). Majority 127 (37.3%) had worked in the park for at least 5 years. The systolic blood pressure of the subjects clustered around 139.39 ± 20.10, diastolic blood pressure 97.20 ± 10.99, whereas the average pulse rate was 73.17 ± 11.57. The highest symptom recorded was coughing 174 (52.7%). There is a significant positive correlation between gas emissions and cardiorespiratory symptoms. Conclusion: Adequate monitoring and control of vehicle emissions as well as educating workers in motor parks on the health effects of vehicle emissions were recommended.
{"title":"Vehicle exhaust gases: Impact on the cardiorespiratory parameters of motor park workers in Anambra, South Eastern, Nigeria","authors":"Walter Nwafia, I. Nwafia, Chinelo Okafor, Kalu O. Obasi, A. Nkwa","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.IJMH_82_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.IJMH_82_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vehicle emission gases have continued to play a significant role in causing air pollution and pose a significant global health challenge. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the impact of vehicle emissions on the cardiorespiratory parameters of workers in motor parks. Materials and Methods: A combination of stratified sampling and simple random samplings were used in selecting the 11 motor parks and 330 participants that were surveyed. A pretested questionnaire was used to assess the demographic factors and symptoms of cardiorespiratory diseases. Blood pressure, respiratory rates, and pulse rates were measured using electronic sphygmomanometer. The levels of carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter were measured using gas sensor. Data were analyzed by both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The cluster mean levels of CO, PM2.5, NO2 levels, and SO2 concentrations in the parks were 5.3 mg/m3, 4.9 μg/m3, 40 μg/m3, and 44 μg/m3, respectively. Of the 330 participants, 257 (77.9%) were males. The highest age group of participants came from 36 to 46 years bracket. Most of the participants had secondary education 171 (51.8%). Majority 127 (37.3%) had worked in the park for at least 5 years. The systolic blood pressure of the subjects clustered around 139.39 ± 20.10, diastolic blood pressure 97.20 ± 10.99, whereas the average pulse rate was 73.17 ± 11.57. The highest symptom recorded was coughing 174 (52.7%). There is a significant positive correlation between gas emissions and cardiorespiratory symptoms. Conclusion: Adequate monitoring and control of vehicle emissions as well as educating workers in motor parks on the health effects of vehicle emissions were recommended.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":"34 1","pages":"225 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79153596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Open book management (OBM) is a style of management in which employees learn about an organizational operation, contribute to it, and get rewarded for meeting financial targets. A method of running an organization in which the information received by employees should not only help them operate effectively but also assist them to understand how the company is run. Objectives: The aim of this article is to determine the effect of OBM and teamwork on productivity among staff in public tertiary hospital in Southeast Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study was done among 500 staff of 5 public tertiary hospitals in Southeast Nigeria. The respondents were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Information obtained includes sociodemographic profile, staff disposition, knowledge of hospital policy and management, level of cooperation among staff, level of teamwork, productivity, and employees’ job satisfaction, and these were assessed using 5-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0; chi-square and Pearson’s correlations were used to test the level of relationship. Results: Five hundred respondents participated in the study. All respondents had tertiary education; 38.8% had work experience ranging from 1 to 5 years, whereas 61.2% had more than 5 years of experience. About 53% of the respondents at least agreed that there is transparency in information flow in the hospital with a response score of more than 3.0. The practice of teamwork had a response rate of less than 3.0. More than 60% of the respondents attested to a lack of teamwork. The response score of organizational productivity was 3.78, with 74.8% of the respondents at least agreeing that the institutions are productive in their activities. Conclusion: Teamwork is lacking in our health institutions and affects organizational productivity of teaching hospitals. Hence, workplace harmony should be encouraged in order to improve productivity.
{"title":"Effect of open book management and teamwork on productivity among staff of teaching hospitals in Southeast Nigeria","authors":"P. Nnaji, F. Ujunwa, E. Agbaeze, Iyiani Christian","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.IJMH_71_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.IJMH_71_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Open book management (OBM) is a style of management in which employees learn about an organizational operation, contribute to it, and get rewarded for meeting financial targets. A method of running an organization in which the information received by employees should not only help them operate effectively but also assist them to understand how the company is run. Objectives: The aim of this article is to determine the effect of OBM and teamwork on productivity among staff in public tertiary hospital in Southeast Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study was done among 500 staff of 5 public tertiary hospitals in Southeast Nigeria. The respondents were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Information obtained includes sociodemographic profile, staff disposition, knowledge of hospital policy and management, level of cooperation among staff, level of teamwork, productivity, and employees’ job satisfaction, and these were assessed using 5-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0; chi-square and Pearson’s correlations were used to test the level of relationship. Results: Five hundred respondents participated in the study. All respondents had tertiary education; 38.8% had work experience ranging from 1 to 5 years, whereas 61.2% had more than 5 years of experience. About 53% of the respondents at least agreed that there is transparency in information flow in the hospital with a response score of more than 3.0. The practice of teamwork had a response rate of less than 3.0. More than 60% of the respondents attested to a lack of teamwork. The response score of organizational productivity was 3.78, with 74.8% of the respondents at least agreeing that the institutions are productive in their activities. Conclusion: Teamwork is lacking in our health institutions and affects organizational productivity of teaching hospitals. Hence, workplace harmony should be encouraged in order to improve productivity.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":"63 1","pages":"218 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74631268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Central corneal thickness (CCT) is an important ocular parameter in diagnosing and managing ocular diseases. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the mean CCT of non-glaucomatous adults from southeastern Nigeria and to evaluate the relationship between mean CCT, age, and gender. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the eye specialist hospital in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. Participants with non-glaucomatous eyes from southeastern Nigeria were recruited. CCT was measured with ultrasound pachymetry (Sonomed PacScan plus, model 300AP+) on eligible subjects. The average thickness for each eye was calculated and the relationship between mean CCT, age, and gender was studied. Results: In total, 706 eyes of 353 participants were examined. Approximately 52.7% of the subjects were females. The mean age of participants was 50.29 ± 16.58 years. The mean CCT for right eye (RE) was 527.68 ± 36.88 μm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 523.83–531.55 μm) and 527.45 ± 38.01 μm for left eye (LE) (95% CI: 523.47–531.43 μm). There was a decrease in CCT values with increasing age (P = 0.016, P = 0.05 for RE and left eyes, respectively). Males had a significantly higher CCT compared to females for both right and left eyes (P = 0.004, P = 0.007). Conclusion: CCT values in Enugu Southeast Nigeria are thinner than those reported from other regions within Nigeria and some sub-Saharan African populations, Caucasians, Asians, and Hispanics but it is however comparable with values reported among Cameroonians and African Americans. CCT decreases with age and is thicker in males compared with females.
{"title":"Profile of central corneal thickness in an adult non-glaucomatous population in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria","authors":"N. Uche, N. Kizor-Akaraiwe, S. Okeke, J. Shiweobi","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.IJMH_6_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.IJMH_6_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Central corneal thickness (CCT) is an important ocular parameter in diagnosing and managing ocular diseases. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the mean CCT of non-glaucomatous adults from southeastern Nigeria and to evaluate the relationship between mean CCT, age, and gender. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the eye specialist hospital in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. Participants with non-glaucomatous eyes from southeastern Nigeria were recruited. CCT was measured with ultrasound pachymetry (Sonomed PacScan plus, model 300AP+) on eligible subjects. The average thickness for each eye was calculated and the relationship between mean CCT, age, and gender was studied. Results: In total, 706 eyes of 353 participants were examined. Approximately 52.7% of the subjects were females. The mean age of participants was 50.29 ± 16.58 years. The mean CCT for right eye (RE) was 527.68 ± 36.88 μm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 523.83–531.55 μm) and 527.45 ± 38.01 μm for left eye (LE) (95% CI: 523.47–531.43 μm). There was a decrease in CCT values with increasing age (P = 0.016, P = 0.05 for RE and left eyes, respectively). Males had a significantly higher CCT compared to females for both right and left eyes (P = 0.004, P = 0.007). Conclusion: CCT values in Enugu Southeast Nigeria are thinner than those reported from other regions within Nigeria and some sub-Saharan African populations, Caucasians, Asians, and Hispanics but it is however comparable with values reported among Cameroonians and African Americans. CCT decreases with age and is thicker in males compared with females.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":"122 1","pages":"263 - 269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76285948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Blood transfusion, a critical life-saving procedure, is associated with side effects such as fever. Objectives: To determine the pattern of distribution of transfused blood groups among patients with postoperative fever after major oral surgery. Patients and Methods: This is a 1-year prospective study of patients that developed fever after major oral and maxillofacial surgery, with or without receiving ABO blood transfusion. Criteria for inclusion include those booked for oral and maxillofacial surgery and without any serious medical conditions. The confounding variables evaluated were divided into clinical and demographic parameters. Both univariate and bivariate statistics were computed. Results: Of the 108 patients, 23 (21.3%) met the criteria for diagnosis of postoperative fever. The majority (82.6%) of the patients were within 40 years of age. There were 17 males and 6 females with a male-to-female ratio of 2.8:1. Majority (60.9%; P = 0.021) of the patients having benign and malignant tumors needed blood transfusion. The study showed 78.3% of patients developed fever after blood transfusion, whereas 21.7% who did not receive transfusion also had postoperative fever. Group O Rhesus D positive blood group was the most common type transfused (P = 0.01), mostly in patients who had malignant lesions, and transfusion was done mainly intraoperatively. The majority (73.9%) of the fever occurred in patients within 24 h after transfusion, lasting for 1 day (P = 0.01). Conclusion: A significant association between the transfusion of blood and the development of postoperative fever, as well as fever occurring more frequently with increased units of blood transfused, was noticed. The outcome suggests blood transfusion is a risk factor for postoperative fever in patients after major oral surgery.
背景:输血是一项至关重要的救生程序，与发热等副作用有关。目的:了解大口腔手术后发热患者输血血型的分布规律。患者和方法:这是一项为期1年的前瞻性研究，研究对象是接受或不接受ABO输血的口腔颌面外科手术后出现发热的患者。纳入标准包括预约进行口腔和颌面外科手术且没有任何严重疾病的人。评估的混杂变量分为临床参数和人口学参数。计算单变量和双变量统计量。结果:108例患者中有23例(21.3%)符合术后发热诊断标准。大多数患者(82.6%)年龄在40岁以内。男性17例，女性6例，男女比例为2.8:1。多数(60.9%;P = 0.021)。研究显示，78.3%的患者输血后出现发热，而21.7%未输血的患者术后也出现发热。输血最多的是O型恒河猴D阳性血型(P = 0.01)，以恶性病变患者居多，且输血主要发生在术中。大多数发热发生在输血后24 h内(73.9%)，持续时间为1 d (P = 0.01)。结论:注意到输血与术后发热的发展之间存在显著关联，以及随着输血单位的增加而更频繁地出现发热。结果表明输血是大口腔手术后患者术后发热的一个危险因素。
{"title":"Fever related to ABO blood use in major oral and maxillofacial surgery","authors":"U. Okechi, C. Uguru, C. Anyanechi","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.IJMH_10_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.IJMH_10_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Blood transfusion, a critical life-saving procedure, is associated with side effects such as fever. Objectives: To determine the pattern of distribution of transfused blood groups among patients with postoperative fever after major oral surgery. Patients and Methods: This is a 1-year prospective study of patients that developed fever after major oral and maxillofacial surgery, with or without receiving ABO blood transfusion. Criteria for inclusion include those booked for oral and maxillofacial surgery and without any serious medical conditions. The confounding variables evaluated were divided into clinical and demographic parameters. Both univariate and bivariate statistics were computed. Results: Of the 108 patients, 23 (21.3%) met the criteria for diagnosis of postoperative fever. The majority (82.6%) of the patients were within 40 years of age. There were 17 males and 6 females with a male-to-female ratio of 2.8:1. Majority (60.9%; P = 0.021) of the patients having benign and malignant tumors needed blood transfusion. The study showed 78.3% of patients developed fever after blood transfusion, whereas 21.7% who did not receive transfusion also had postoperative fever. Group O Rhesus D positive blood group was the most common type transfused (P = 0.01), mostly in patients who had malignant lesions, and transfusion was done mainly intraoperatively. The majority (73.9%) of the fever occurred in patients within 24 h after transfusion, lasting for 1 day (P = 0.01). Conclusion: A significant association between the transfusion of blood and the development of postoperative fever, as well as fever occurring more frequently with increased units of blood transfused, was noticed. The outcome suggests blood transfusion is a risk factor for postoperative fever in patients after major oral surgery.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":"7 1","pages":"256 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82684237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bello, John Ayinor, S. Ozhe, T. Ibrahim, I. Hassan, Taofik O Ogunkunle
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a common indoor pollutant that is quite dangerous if inhaled. It is a “silent killer”, as it is extremely hazardous to people when emitted in an enclosed area as it gets absorbed into the bloodstream and displaces oxygen due to a much higher affinity, resulting in cellular hypoxia. Children are vulnerable as they are less likely to take preventive measures and have higher oxygen requirements due to higher metabolic demands. We reported this case series among five siblings aged between 4 – 16 years (two boys and three girls) in Lafia Nasarawa State. The parents are petty traders, with secondary level of education. The children live with their parents in a one-bedroom apartment and the family possesses a small petrol generator usually situated outside the house when in use and kept within the apartment after use to avert theft. The children bought fuel from a local vendor (a black marketer) to watch a movie on a day the parents are away. They kept the generator within the apartment in a space between the bathroom and their store while keeping all windows and other air outlets closed so as to circumvent the noise from getting to neighbours. The children got exposed to CO fumes which had engulfed the apartment and were met unconscious by the mother when she came back from night vigil. They were rushed to a nearby hospital, before eventual referral to our facility after the demise of one of them aged 12 years. We reported CO poisoning among siblings with death in one of the five. Oxygen administration plays a vital role in the successes recorded.
{"title":"Carbon monoxide poisoning: Case series among siblings in Lafia Nasarawa State, Nigeria","authors":"S. Bello, John Ayinor, S. Ozhe, T. Ibrahim, I. Hassan, Taofik O Ogunkunle","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.IJMH_66_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.IJMH_66_22","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a common indoor pollutant that is quite dangerous if inhaled. It is a “silent killer”, as it is extremely hazardous to people when emitted in an enclosed area as it gets absorbed into the bloodstream and displaces oxygen due to a much higher affinity, resulting in cellular hypoxia. Children are vulnerable as they are less likely to take preventive measures and have higher oxygen requirements due to higher metabolic demands. We reported this case series among five siblings aged between 4 – 16 years (two boys and three girls) in Lafia Nasarawa State. The parents are petty traders, with secondary level of education. The children live with their parents in a one-bedroom apartment and the family possesses a small petrol generator usually situated outside the house when in use and kept within the apartment after use to avert theft. The children bought fuel from a local vendor (a black marketer) to watch a movie on a day the parents are away. They kept the generator within the apartment in a space between the bathroom and their store while keeping all windows and other air outlets closed so as to circumvent the noise from getting to neighbours. The children got exposed to CO fumes which had engulfed the apartment and were met unconscious by the mother when she came back from night vigil. They were rushed to a nearby hospital, before eventual referral to our facility after the demise of one of them aged 12 years. We reported CO poisoning among siblings with death in one of the five. Oxygen administration plays a vital role in the successes recorded.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":"330 1","pages":"274 - 276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76370811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Cardiac dysfunctions have been seen in HIV/AIDS children on antiretroviral therapy (ART). This contributes to increased mortality. There is a dearth of information on cardiac dysfunctions in African children. Objectives: We investigated the types of cardiac dysfunctions in HIV/AIDS and its associated factors in children on ART. Materials and Methods: Echocardiography was performed on 90 children with HIV/AIDS using SONO 2000 machine with 5.5—12 MHz transducer. The reliability score of the machine is 95%. The prevalence of cardiac dysfunctions was determined using proportions and associated factors using logistic regression. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 was used for data analysis. Results: Cardiac dysfunctions were significantly higher in the anti retroviral therapy group than the ART-naive group. It was seen in 52.0 (81.0%) of patients on anti retroviral therapy and in 10.0 (38.1%) of ART-naive patients, P = 0.01. The significant ones were left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction in 38.5% (P = 0.02); LV systolic dysfunction in 19.2% (P = 0.03); LV dilatation in 15.4% (P = 0.01), pericardial effusion 7.7% (P = 0.04), and dilated cardiomyopathy in 3.8% (P = 0.13). A linear relationship between cardiac dysfunctions and CD4+ cell counts and age of patients was noted. The highest coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.8642 was associated with CD4+ cell counts, followed by the age of patients R2 = 0.4203. Conclusion: The prevalence of cardiac dysfunctions was high. Using echocardiography, cardiac dysfunctions were more likely to be detected early. It is, therefore, recommended that baseline and periodic echocardiography should be part of the management of these children.
{"title":"Cardiac dysfunction among Nigerian HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy in a tertiary center","authors":"I. Arodiwe, F. Ujunwa, Josephat Chinawa","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.IJMH_72_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.IJMH_72_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cardiac dysfunctions have been seen in HIV/AIDS children on antiretroviral therapy (ART). This contributes to increased mortality. There is a dearth of information on cardiac dysfunctions in African children. Objectives: We investigated the types of cardiac dysfunctions in HIV/AIDS and its associated factors in children on ART. Materials and Methods: Echocardiography was performed on 90 children with HIV/AIDS using SONO 2000 machine with 5.5—12 MHz transducer. The reliability score of the machine is 95%. The prevalence of cardiac dysfunctions was determined using proportions and associated factors using logistic regression. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 was used for data analysis. Results: Cardiac dysfunctions were significantly higher in the anti retroviral therapy group than the ART-naive group. It was seen in 52.0 (81.0%) of patients on anti retroviral therapy and in 10.0 (38.1%) of ART-naive patients, P = 0.01. The significant ones were left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction in 38.5% (P = 0.02); LV systolic dysfunction in 19.2% (P = 0.03); LV dilatation in 15.4% (P = 0.01), pericardial effusion 7.7% (P = 0.04), and dilated cardiomyopathy in 3.8% (P = 0.13). A linear relationship between cardiac dysfunctions and CD4+ cell counts and age of patients was noted. The highest coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.8642 was associated with CD4+ cell counts, followed by the age of patients R2 = 0.4203. Conclusion: The prevalence of cardiac dysfunctions was high. Using echocardiography, cardiac dysfunctions were more likely to be detected early. It is, therefore, recommended that baseline and periodic echocardiography should be part of the management of these children.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":"44 1","pages":"211 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87764683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Abubakar, K. Abdulsalam, Sanni Musa, I. Yahaya, S. Adamu, Daniel Aina
Background: Microalbuminuria and gradual reduction of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are some of the early manifestations of renal involvement in HIV/AIDS. Therefore, early detection of microalbuminuria provides an opportunity to identify individuals at risk of developing chronic kidney disease, creating a platform for the institution of preventive measures and optimization of comorbid conditions. Objective: The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria in HIV/AIDS-infected adults in a tertiary heath institution in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 750 participants including 250 highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-treated and 250 HAART-naive HIV/AIDS participants and 250 age-matched controls. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant demographic and clinical information. Blood and urine samples were collected for serum creatinine and urinary albumin and creatinine measurements, respectively, and the results were collated and analyzed. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 20.0 with level of significance set at P < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of microalbuminuria among HIV/AIDS-infected participants was 20.6% when compared with 4.0% for the control group with statistically significant difference (P = 0.001). HAART-treated and HAART-naive groups have prevalence of 18.4% and 22.8%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.22). Low CD4 count and estimated GFR <90/mL/min/1.73 m2 were associated with the development of microalbuminuria. Conclusion: This study has shown that microalbuminuria is common among both HAART-treated and HAART-naive HIV/AIDS patients. Screening for microalbuminuria is recommended in all HIV/AIDS patients to allow for early detection of renal damage.
{"title":"Microalbuminuria among HIV-infected patients from a tertiary health facility in northwest Nigeria","authors":"B. Abubakar, K. Abdulsalam, Sanni Musa, I. Yahaya, S. Adamu, Daniel Aina","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_46_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_46_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Microalbuminuria and gradual reduction of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are some of the early manifestations of renal involvement in HIV/AIDS. Therefore, early detection of microalbuminuria provides an opportunity to identify individuals at risk of developing chronic kidney disease, creating a platform for the institution of preventive measures and optimization of comorbid conditions. Objective: The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria in HIV/AIDS-infected adults in a tertiary heath institution in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 750 participants including 250 highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-treated and 250 HAART-naive HIV/AIDS participants and 250 age-matched controls. An interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant demographic and clinical information. Blood and urine samples were collected for serum creatinine and urinary albumin and creatinine measurements, respectively, and the results were collated and analyzed. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 20.0 with level of significance set at P < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of microalbuminuria among HIV/AIDS-infected participants was 20.6% when compared with 4.0% for the control group with statistically significant difference (P = 0.001). HAART-treated and HAART-naive groups have prevalence of 18.4% and 22.8%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.22). Low CD4 count and estimated GFR <90/mL/min/1.73 m2 were associated with the development of microalbuminuria. Conclusion: This study has shown that microalbuminuria is common among both HAART-treated and HAART-naive HIV/AIDS patients. Screening for microalbuminuria is recommended in all HIV/AIDS patients to allow for early detection of renal damage.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":"6 1","pages":"119 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75521505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Plastic surgery is one of the most collaborative surgical specialties and is also considered the most consulted service in a hospital. Plastic surgeons respond to many medical consults or inpatient referrals, and the comprehensive impact of these services, when they are nonoperative, often goes unnoticed. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the nature of demands of plastic surgery services for admitted patients in a teaching hospital and the specialties and types of patients that benefit from them. Materials and Methods: Clinical records of inpatients evaluated by plastic surgeons were retrieved using a compendium of consults received from other specialties within the hospital over a period of 1 year period. Results: The plastic surgeons received a total of 151 hand-written consults from surgeons, physicians, gynecologists, and pediatricians. The vast majority came from physicians (45.7%) and surgeons (40.4%). Among the physicians, endocrinologists sent the highest number of consults (42.5%). Ulcers constituted the commonest reason for inpatient referrals (66.2%). Over 29% of consults were for patients with primary diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, whereas 13.9% were for head injuries. Conclusions: The demands for the services of plastic surgeons come from virtually all the clinical specialties in a tertiary hospital. The commonest reason for such referral is for their review and management of ulcers. There is a need to utilize telemedicine in reducing the burden of reviewing these patients, especially in large tertiary hospitals.
{"title":"Demand for plastic surgery services via inpatient referrals in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital","authors":"Obinna Remigius Okwesili, U. Achebe, O. Onumaegbu","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_60_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_60_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Plastic surgery is one of the most collaborative surgical specialties and is also considered the most consulted service in a hospital. Plastic surgeons respond to many medical consults or inpatient referrals, and the comprehensive impact of these services, when they are nonoperative, often goes unnoticed. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess the nature of demands of plastic surgery services for admitted patients in a teaching hospital and the specialties and types of patients that benefit from them. Materials and Methods: Clinical records of inpatients evaluated by plastic surgeons were retrieved using a compendium of consults received from other specialties within the hospital over a period of 1 year period. Results: The plastic surgeons received a total of 151 hand-written consults from surgeons, physicians, gynecologists, and pediatricians. The vast majority came from physicians (45.7%) and surgeons (40.4%). Among the physicians, endocrinologists sent the highest number of consults (42.5%). Ulcers constituted the commonest reason for inpatient referrals (66.2%). Over 29% of consults were for patients with primary diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, whereas 13.9% were for head injuries. Conclusions: The demands for the services of plastic surgeons come from virtually all the clinical specialties in a tertiary hospital. The commonest reason for such referral is for their review and management of ulcers. There is a need to utilize telemedicine in reducing the burden of reviewing these patients, especially in large tertiary hospitals.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":"33 33","pages":"145 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91446669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Obembe, Benedict A. Falana, O. Adeleke, G. Adefolaju, O. Tokunbo
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a communicable respiratory disease caused by a new strain of coronavirus that causes illness in humans. The disease is caused by a pathogen called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 and can be transmitted from person to person through infected air droplets that are projected during sneezing or coughing. The coronavirus disease has generally affected all sectors of the society, including the health sector and reproductive health in particular. Reproductive health contributes greatly to physical and psychosocial comfort and closeness between individuals. Adequate and balanced reproductive health can be impaired and deprived by diseases, abuse, exploitation, unwanted pregnancy, and death. This review paper looked into possible effects of COVID-19 pandemic on reproductive health. Human and nonhuman primate literatures were examined to extract empirical data detailing the impact of COVID-19 on reproductive health. Literatures were sourced from Ovid MEDLINE, SCOPUS, the Cochrane Library, Ovid EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, PROQUEST, PUBMED, and Web of Science. Experimental and clinical evidence were used to examine whether COVID-19 adversely impacted on the reproductive health of infected and non-infected population. The global outbreak of COVID-19 has led to measures driven by the pandemic, to prevent further spread and effectual treatment of those affected. This has literally caused decrease in sexual and reproductive health care services due to global lockdowns and closures of health sectors deemed to be non-essential in combating the disease.
冠状病毒病(COVID-19)是一种由新型冠状病毒引起的传染性呼吸道疾病，可引起人类疾病。这种疾病是由一种名为“严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒-2”的病原体引起的，可以通过打喷嚏或咳嗽时喷出的受感染的飞沫在人与人之间传播。冠状病毒病普遍影响到社会各部门，特别是卫生部门和生殖健康。生殖健康极大地促进了身体和心理舒适以及个人之间的亲密关系。充分和平衡的生殖健康可能因疾病、虐待、剥削、意外怀孕和死亡而受损和剥夺。本综述探讨了COVID-19大流行对生殖健康可能产生的影响。研究人员检查了人类和非人类灵长类动物的文献，以提取详细描述COVID-19对生殖健康影响的经验数据。文献来源于Ovid MEDLINE、SCOPUS、Cochrane Library、Ovid EMBASE、CINAHL Plus、PROQUEST、PUBMED和Web of Science。采用实验和临床证据检验COVID-19是否对感染者和非感染者的生殖健康产生不利影响。2019冠状病毒病的全球爆发促使各国采取措施，防止疫情进一步蔓延，并对受影响者进行有效治疗。这实际上造成了性健康和生殖健康服务的减少，原因是全球封锁和关闭了被认为对防治该疾病不重要的卫生部门。
{"title":"Impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on reproductive health","authors":"O. Obembe, Benedict A. Falana, O. Adeleke, G. Adefolaju, O. Tokunbo","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_53_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_53_22","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a communicable respiratory disease caused by a new strain of coronavirus that causes illness in humans. The disease is caused by a pathogen called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 and can be transmitted from person to person through infected air droplets that are projected during sneezing or coughing. The coronavirus disease has generally affected all sectors of the society, including the health sector and reproductive health in particular. Reproductive health contributes greatly to physical and psychosocial comfort and closeness between individuals. Adequate and balanced reproductive health can be impaired and deprived by diseases, abuse, exploitation, unwanted pregnancy, and death. This review paper looked into possible effects of COVID-19 pandemic on reproductive health. Human and nonhuman primate literatures were examined to extract empirical data detailing the impact of COVID-19 on reproductive health. Literatures were sourced from Ovid MEDLINE, SCOPUS, the Cochrane Library, Ovid EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, PROQUEST, PUBMED, and Web of Science. Experimental and clinical evidence were used to examine whether COVID-19 adversely impacted on the reproductive health of infected and non-infected population. The global outbreak of COVID-19 has led to measures driven by the pandemic, to prevent further spread and effectual treatment of those affected. This has literally caused decrease in sexual and reproductive health care services due to global lockdowns and closures of health sectors deemed to be non-essential in combating the disease.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":"13 1","pages":"93 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79206393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Olorukooba, F. Saulawa, Babandi Zaharaddeen, I. Raji, H. Olorukooba, Salamatu Belgore
Background: Nigeria has one of the largest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics in the world and one of the highest rates of new infections in Sub-Saharan Africa. The younger age group has been identified as bearing half of the burden of HIV worldwide. This includes secondary-school children. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the awareness and Knowledge of senior secondary-school (SSS) students concerning HIV/AIDS. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted among SSS students in Zaria, Kaduna state, Nigeria. Respondents were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using a pretested, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to represent univariate level data, whereas chi-square and Fisher’s exact test where applicable were used to identify the relationship between knowledge of HIV and other categorical variables with a level of significance of P < .05. Results: The mean age (± SD) of respondents was 16.1 ± 1.1 years. All (100%) of the respondents were aware of HIV/AIDS. The majority of the respondents knew HIV/AIDS was caused by a virus (89%). Almost a quarter of the respondents (22.1%) believed that antibiotics can prevent HIV. The mean (±SD) knowledge score was 80.5 (± 15.8) out of a total of 100%. Overall, 62 (84.9%) of the respondents had good knowledge of HIV/AIDS. There was a statistically significant relationship between knowledge and tribe as well as the religion of the respondents (P = 0.008 and P = .016, respectively). No statistically significant relationship was found between knowledge and other sociodemographic factors (P > .05). Conclusion: HIV/AIDS awareness and knowledge were good among respondents though some misconceptions still existed. Respondent’s tribe was significantly associated with the level of knowledge of HIV/AIDS. The school authorities and all other concerned agencies should design campaigns targeted at correcting specific misconceptions and gaps in knowledge for the benefit of the students in the study area and the country at large.
{"title":"Awareness and knowledge of HIV/AIDS among senior secondary school students in Zaria, Nigeria","authors":"A. Olorukooba, F. Saulawa, Babandi Zaharaddeen, I. Raji, H. Olorukooba, Salamatu Belgore","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_26_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_26_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nigeria has one of the largest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics in the world and one of the highest rates of new infections in Sub-Saharan Africa. The younger age group has been identified as bearing half of the burden of HIV worldwide. This includes secondary-school children. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the awareness and Knowledge of senior secondary-school (SSS) students concerning HIV/AIDS. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted among SSS students in Zaria, Kaduna state, Nigeria. Respondents were selected using a multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using a pretested, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to represent univariate level data, whereas chi-square and Fisher’s exact test where applicable were used to identify the relationship between knowledge of HIV and other categorical variables with a level of significance of P < .05. Results: The mean age (± SD) of respondents was 16.1 ± 1.1 years. All (100%) of the respondents were aware of HIV/AIDS. The majority of the respondents knew HIV/AIDS was caused by a virus (89%). Almost a quarter of the respondents (22.1%) believed that antibiotics can prevent HIV. The mean (±SD) knowledge score was 80.5 (± 15.8) out of a total of 100%. Overall, 62 (84.9%) of the respondents had good knowledge of HIV/AIDS. There was a statistically significant relationship between knowledge and tribe as well as the religion of the respondents (P = 0.008 and P = .016, respectively). No statistically significant relationship was found between knowledge and other sociodemographic factors (P > .05). Conclusion: HIV/AIDS awareness and knowledge were good among respondents though some misconceptions still existed. Respondent’s tribe was significantly associated with the level of knowledge of HIV/AIDS. The school authorities and all other concerned agencies should design campaigns targeted at correcting specific misconceptions and gaps in knowledge for the benefit of the students in the study area and the country at large.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":"51 1","pages":"99 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84738258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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