S. Ohayi, A. Chinawa, Ifeoma N. Asimadu, Josephat Chinawa
Background: The strain put on the health systems by the COVID-19 pandemic is very significant. Measures of containment includes closure of schools, wearing of face mask, use of hand sanitizers, etc. Objectives: To determine the perception and attitude of clinical medical students to COVID-19 containment measures. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study which utilized an online survey protocol. A self-selecting sampling method was used to select students. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 20, Chicago (Ill., USA). Results: Medical students hazarded wearing of face mask 154(87.0%) and the use of hand sanitizers 59(89.8%) as the most useful containment measures against COVID-19 pandemic. Sixty six participants (37.3%) had good preventive practices. The age range of 20–25 years and male gender “disagreed” that government stoppage of medical education is an appropriate measure against COVID 19 pandemic. (p = 0.01, and 0.02, respectively). Only 10.2% of participants believed that the government is also affected by this containment measure. Age range of 20–25 years and being a catholic are predictors of good preventive practices (P = 0.05, and 0.04, respectively). Conclusion: A little proportion of medical students had good preventive practices against COVID-19. And a good proportion repudiated the policy of closure of schools during the pandemic. Factors such as male gender, and being within the 20–25 years age bracket were predictors of students’ rejection of the government’s policy on closure of schools as a containment measure for COVID pandemic.
{"title":"Perception and attitude of clinical medical students to COVID-19 containment measures","authors":"S. Ohayi, A. Chinawa, Ifeoma N. Asimadu, Josephat Chinawa","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_10_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_10_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The strain put on the health systems by the COVID-19 pandemic is very significant. Measures of containment includes closure of schools, wearing of face mask, use of hand sanitizers, etc. Objectives: To determine the perception and attitude of clinical medical students to COVID-19 containment measures. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study which utilized an online survey protocol. A self-selecting sampling method was used to select students. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 20, Chicago (Ill., USA). Results: Medical students hazarded wearing of face mask 154(87.0%) and the use of hand sanitizers 59(89.8%) as the most useful containment measures against COVID-19 pandemic. Sixty six participants (37.3%) had good preventive practices. The age range of 20–25 years and male gender “disagreed” that government stoppage of medical education is an appropriate measure against COVID 19 pandemic. (p = 0.01, and 0.02, respectively). Only 10.2% of participants believed that the government is also affected by this containment measure. Age range of 20–25 years and being a catholic are predictors of good preventive practices (P = 0.05, and 0.04, respectively). Conclusion: A little proportion of medical students had good preventive practices against COVID-19. And a good proportion repudiated the policy of closure of schools during the pandemic. Factors such as male gender, and being within the 20–25 years age bracket were predictors of students’ rejection of the government’s policy on closure of schools as a containment measure for COVID pandemic.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73948992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Nnagbo, M. Eze, J. Ezugworie, G. Ugwu, E. Iloghalu, E. Ezenkwele, E. Onwudiwe, O. Okoro, L. Ajah, E. Izuka, C. Adiri, P. Nkwo, E. Ugwu, C. Iyoke, E. Ezugwu, P. Agu
Background: Despite the enormous burden of antepartum hemorrhage (APH) due to placental previa, there are not much recent data on prevalence, outcomes, and predictors of this major obstetric condition in low-resource settings. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence, outcomes, and predictors of APH due to placenta previa in Enugu, South-East Nigeria. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective review of pregnant women admitted to the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria, with a diagnosis of APH due to placenta previa from January 1, 2010 to January 31, 2019. Relevant data such as biodata, obstetrics characteristics, and management protocols were extracted from eligible case notes retrieved from the Medical Records Department of the hospital. Results: Of the 6001 pregnant women managed, 91 had APH due to placenta previa, giving a prevalence rate of 1.5% (91/6001). In terms of maternal and fetal outcomes, no maternal death or delivery due to fetal distress was recorded. Thirty-seven (40.7%) women had primary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), 1.1% had obstetric hysterectomy due to PPH, 45.1% had blood transfusion, 51% were delivered due to intractable APH, 98.9% of the babies were delivered alive, 39.6% required admission into newborn special care unit, and 40.7% had babies with low birth weight. The predictors of APH due to placenta previa were low socioeconomic status (P = 0.011, odds ratio [OR] = 0.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03–0.64), high parity (P = 0.032, OR = 6.61, 95% CI: 1.18–37.02), adopting conservative management (P = 0.004, B = 2.765, OR = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01–0.40), and unbooked status (P = 0.018, B = 2.724, OR = 15.24, 95% CI: 1.61–144.16). Conclusion: The prevalence of PPH in the study population is high and the outcome is favorable. It is predicted by the unbooked status, multiparity, and adopting conservative management. The study findings should guide obstetricians in counseling and managing women with APH due to placenta previa.
背景:尽管由胎盘前置引起的产前出血(APH)带来了巨大的负担，但在低资源环境中，关于这一主要产科疾病的患病率、结局和预测因素的近期数据并不多。目的:本研究的目的是确定尼日利亚东南部埃努古地区因前置胎盘引起的APH的患病率、结局和预测因素。材料与方法:回顾性分析2010年1月1日至2019年1月31日在尼日利亚埃努古伊图库-奥扎拉尼日利亚大学教学医院就诊的诊断为前置胎盘所致APH的孕妇。相关数据，如生物数据、产科特征和管理方案，从医院病历部检索的符合条件的病例记录中提取。结果:6001例孕妇中，91例因前置胎盘发生APH，患病率为1.5%(91/6001)。在产妇和胎儿结局方面，没有因胎儿窘迫而导致产妇死亡或分娩的记录。37例(40.7%)妇女发生原发性产后出血(PPH)， 1.1%因PPH行产科子宫切除术，45.1%因输血，51%因难治性APH分娩，98.9%的婴儿活产，39.6%的婴儿需要入住新生儿特护病房，40.7%的婴儿出生体重过低。前置胎盘致APH的预测因子为低社会经济地位(P = 0.011，优势比[OR] = 0.15, 95%可信区间[CI]: 0.03-0.64)、高胎次(P = 0.032, OR = 6.61, 95% CI: 1.18-37.02)、采取保守治疗(P = 0.004, B = 2.765, OR = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01-0.40)和未预定(P = 0.018, B = 2.724, OR = 15.24, 95% CI: 1.61-144.16)。结论:PPH在研究人群中患病率较高，预后良好。通过未预订状态、多重校验和采用保守管理来预测。研究结果应指导产科医生咨询和管理由前置胎盘引起的APH妇女。
{"title":"Prevalence, outcomes, and predictors of antepartum hemorrhage due to placenta previa in Nigeria","authors":"J. Nnagbo, M. Eze, J. Ezugworie, G. Ugwu, E. Iloghalu, E. Ezenkwele, E. Onwudiwe, O. Okoro, L. Ajah, E. Izuka, C. Adiri, P. Nkwo, E. Ugwu, C. Iyoke, E. Ezugwu, P. Agu","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_24_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_24_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite the enormous burden of antepartum hemorrhage (APH) due to placental previa, there are not much recent data on prevalence, outcomes, and predictors of this major obstetric condition in low-resource settings. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence, outcomes, and predictors of APH due to placenta previa in Enugu, South-East Nigeria. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective review of pregnant women admitted to the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria, with a diagnosis of APH due to placenta previa from January 1, 2010 to January 31, 2019. Relevant data such as biodata, obstetrics characteristics, and management protocols were extracted from eligible case notes retrieved from the Medical Records Department of the hospital. Results: Of the 6001 pregnant women managed, 91 had APH due to placenta previa, giving a prevalence rate of 1.5% (91/6001). In terms of maternal and fetal outcomes, no maternal death or delivery due to fetal distress was recorded. Thirty-seven (40.7%) women had primary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), 1.1% had obstetric hysterectomy due to PPH, 45.1% had blood transfusion, 51% were delivered due to intractable APH, 98.9% of the babies were delivered alive, 39.6% required admission into newborn special care unit, and 40.7% had babies with low birth weight. The predictors of APH due to placenta previa were low socioeconomic status (P = 0.011, odds ratio [OR] = 0.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03–0.64), high parity (P = 0.032, OR = 6.61, 95% CI: 1.18–37.02), adopting conservative management (P = 0.004, B = 2.765, OR = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01–0.40), and unbooked status (P = 0.018, B = 2.724, OR = 15.24, 95% CI: 1.61–144.16). Conclusion: The prevalence of PPH in the study population is high and the outcome is favorable. It is predicted by the unbooked status, multiparity, and adopting conservative management. The study findings should guide obstetricians in counseling and managing women with APH due to placenta previa.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89454363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Amah, I. Obianyo, N. Agugua-Obianyo, Henry C Nnaji, O. Okezie
Haematometra in pubertal girls is a late presentation of congenital genital malformations. A diagnosis of the anomaly is preferably made before menarche. This will avoid the psychosocial trauma and other complications at puberty. We draw attention to the two cases we managed, reviewed the literature, discussed the specific pitfalls in our setting and arouse clinical awareness to the problem. two cases of haematometra in pubertal girls are discussed and the literature is reviewed. The first case is a 12-year-old girl who presented with cyclic lower abdominal pain, abdominal mass and no menarche. Following investigations, a diagnosis of cervicovaginal atresia was made. She eventually had hysterectomy done by request. She is awaiting vaginoplasty. The second patient is a 14-year-old girl who presented with primary amenorrhoea, cyclic lower abdominal cramps and abdominal mass. A diagnosis of imperforate hymen was made. The hymen was excised and the vulva (introitus) re-epithelialized. Both patients have been followed up for 4 years and have been symptom free. Our literature review shows that haematometra presenting in pubertal girls is rare and the causes are commonly congenital. It is either due to malformation of the Mullerian duct system, the urogenital system, or the external genitalia. Associated malformation of the urinary system is significant. Haematometra can pose challenges in management especially in a low resource setting. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary approach are mandatory to proffer adequate treatment and avert psychological, sexual and reproductive health complications.
{"title":"Hematometra in pubertal girls: A report of two cases and review of literature","authors":"C. Amah, I. Obianyo, N. Agugua-Obianyo, Henry C Nnaji, O. Okezie","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_19_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_19_22","url":null,"abstract":"Haematometra in pubertal girls is a late presentation of congenital genital malformations. A diagnosis of the anomaly is preferably made before menarche. This will avoid the psychosocial trauma and other complications at puberty. We draw attention to the two cases we managed, reviewed the literature, discussed the specific pitfalls in our setting and arouse clinical awareness to the problem. two cases of haematometra in pubertal girls are discussed and the literature is reviewed. The first case is a 12-year-old girl who presented with cyclic lower abdominal pain, abdominal mass and no menarche. Following investigations, a diagnosis of cervicovaginal atresia was made. She eventually had hysterectomy done by request. She is awaiting vaginoplasty. The second patient is a 14-year-old girl who presented with primary amenorrhoea, cyclic lower abdominal cramps and abdominal mass. A diagnosis of imperforate hymen was made. The hymen was excised and the vulva (introitus) re-epithelialized. Both patients have been followed up for 4 years and have been symptom free. Our literature review shows that haematometra presenting in pubertal girls is rare and the causes are commonly congenital. It is either due to malformation of the Mullerian duct system, the urogenital system, or the external genitalia. Associated malformation of the urinary system is significant. Haematometra can pose challenges in management especially in a low resource setting. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary approach are mandatory to proffer adequate treatment and avert psychological, sexual and reproductive health complications.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77983079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Ameloblastoma is a benign cystic odontogenic tumor common in Nigeria. The cystic cavities frequently contain tumor fluids, which may be obtained by needle aspiration. The tumor fluids help in the clinical differential diagnosis. The types, prevalence, and relevance of ameloblastoma fluid aspirates have been mostly unreported. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the types and prevalence of fluid aspirates of ameloblastoma and evaluate its prognostic relevance. Materials and Methods: This was a 7-year retrospective study of consecutive patients with ameloblastoma at a tertiary hospital in Enugu, Nigeria. The tumor fluids obtained by needle aspiration are categorized based on visual appearance. The data retrieved from case files, biopsy forms, histopathologic reports, and other records in the departmental archives were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics, version 24.0. Results: Tumor fluid aspirate yield was positive in 80.4% ((n=74) of patients with ameloblastoma. There were aspirates from 82.4% (n=61) cases of primary ameloblastoma and 17.6% (n=13) cases of recurrent ameloblastoma. The aspirates obtained were dark-brown 41.9%, straw-colored 37.8%, serosanguinous 10.8%, and purulent 9.5%. The type of aspirate was influenced by the primary or recurrent status of ameloblastoma (P = 0.04). Straw-colored aspirate was obtained from 92.9% of primary ameloblastoma and in 73.1% of patients <20 years of age. Recurrent ameloblastoma typically yielded dark-brown aspirates in 76.9% of recurrences. Conclusion: The association of some tumor fluids with primary and recurrent ameloblastoma could improve the understanding of the recurrence potential of the disease and influence treatment planning.
背景:成釉细胞瘤是一种在尼日利亚常见的良性囊性牙源性肿瘤。囊腔常含有肿瘤积液，可通过针吸获得。肿瘤积液有助于临床鉴别诊断。成釉细胞瘤液体抽吸的类型、患病率和相关性大多未见报道。目的:本研究的目的是确定成釉细胞瘤液体吸入的类型和患病率，并评估其预后相关性。材料和方法:这是一项为期7年的回顾性研究，研究对象是尼日利亚埃努古一家三级医院的连续成釉细胞瘤患者。通过针吸获得的肿瘤液根据视觉外观进行分类。从病例档案、活检表、组织病理学报告和部门档案中的其他记录中检索到的数据使用IBM SPSS Statistics, version 24.0进行分析。结果:80.4% (n=74)的成釉细胞瘤患者的肿瘤液吸出率为阳性。原发性成釉细胞瘤有82.4% (n=61)例抽吸，复发性成釉细胞瘤有17.6% (n=13)例抽吸。吸出液为深褐色41.9%，稻草色37.8%，浆液浆液10.8%，脓性9.5%。抽吸类型受成釉细胞瘤原发或复发状态的影响(P = 0.04)。92.9%的原发成釉细胞瘤患者和73.1%的<20岁的患者获得稻草色抽吸液。复发的成釉细胞瘤在76.9%的复发中通常产生深棕色的吸出物。结论:一些肿瘤液体与原发性和复发性成釉细胞瘤的关系可以提高对该疾病复发可能性的认识，并影响治疗计划。
{"title":"Fluid aspirates of ameloblastoma: Types, prevalence, and prognostic relevance","authors":"M. Nwoga","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_41_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_41_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ameloblastoma is a benign cystic odontogenic tumor common in Nigeria. The cystic cavities frequently contain tumor fluids, which may be obtained by needle aspiration. The tumor fluids help in the clinical differential diagnosis. The types, prevalence, and relevance of ameloblastoma fluid aspirates have been mostly unreported. Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the types and prevalence of fluid aspirates of ameloblastoma and evaluate its prognostic relevance. Materials and Methods: This was a 7-year retrospective study of consecutive patients with ameloblastoma at a tertiary hospital in Enugu, Nigeria. The tumor fluids obtained by needle aspiration are categorized based on visual appearance. The data retrieved from case files, biopsy forms, histopathologic reports, and other records in the departmental archives were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics, version 24.0. Results: Tumor fluid aspirate yield was positive in 80.4% ((n=74) of patients with ameloblastoma. There were aspirates from 82.4% (n=61) cases of primary ameloblastoma and 17.6% (n=13) cases of recurrent ameloblastoma. The aspirates obtained were dark-brown 41.9%, straw-colored 37.8%, serosanguinous 10.8%, and purulent 9.5%. The type of aspirate was influenced by the primary or recurrent status of ameloblastoma (P = 0.04). Straw-colored aspirate was obtained from 92.9% of primary ameloblastoma and in 73.1% of patients <20 years of age. Recurrent ameloblastoma typically yielded dark-brown aspirates in 76.9% of recurrences. Conclusion: The association of some tumor fluids with primary and recurrent ameloblastoma could improve the understanding of the recurrence potential of the disease and influence treatment planning.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89425790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ijeoma B. Ndionuka, I. Onwuekwe, Stella Ekenze, B. Ezeala-Adikaibe
Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an acquired autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by fatigable and variable weakness of skeletal muscles as a result of autoimmune attack on postsynaptic antigenic targets. There is paucity of data on the outcome of treatment options available in resource-poor settings. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the treatment outcome of surgical thymectomy for MG with regard to the local experience in Enugu, southeast Nigeria. Materials and Methods: It was a preliminary report of patients with MG seen at the Neurology Clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria, from February 2016 to October 2019. The treatment outcomes of the patients were analyzed following thymectomy to determine the effectiveness of the surgical management. Data obtained included patients’ age, response to treatment, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and total hospital stay. Results: The mean age of the patients was 35.7 ± 15.1. The mean duration of stay at the ICU was 3.9 ± 4.6 days, while the mean total hospital stay was 12 ± 9.70 days. All the patients (100%) had symptomatic improvement following thymectomy and 40% had remission. Conclusion: The general outcome of MG patients following thymectomy was favorable. Thymectomy appears to improve the prognosis of MG in the local setting of Enugu, Nigeria.
{"title":"Surgical management prospects for myasthenia gravis in Nigeria: A preliminary report of Enugu experience","authors":"Ijeoma B. Ndionuka, I. Onwuekwe, Stella Ekenze, B. Ezeala-Adikaibe","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_39_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_39_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an acquired autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by fatigable and variable weakness of skeletal muscles as a result of autoimmune attack on postsynaptic antigenic targets. There is paucity of data on the outcome of treatment options available in resource-poor settings. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the treatment outcome of surgical thymectomy for MG with regard to the local experience in Enugu, southeast Nigeria. Materials and Methods: It was a preliminary report of patients with MG seen at the Neurology Clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria, from February 2016 to October 2019. The treatment outcomes of the patients were analyzed following thymectomy to determine the effectiveness of the surgical management. Data obtained included patients’ age, response to treatment, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and total hospital stay. Results: The mean age of the patients was 35.7 ± 15.1. The mean duration of stay at the ICU was 3.9 ± 4.6 days, while the mean total hospital stay was 12 ± 9.70 days. All the patients (100%) had symptomatic improvement following thymectomy and 40% had remission. Conclusion: The general outcome of MG patients following thymectomy was favorable. Thymectomy appears to improve the prognosis of MG in the local setting of Enugu, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91505230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Odusolu, J. Egbe, K. Okpebri, Praise A. Uduigwomen
Background: Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is an effective long-acting reversible contraceptive method that is suitable for women of reproductive age. Despite this, its uptake by women in Nigeria is not optimum. Objectives: The objectives were to determine the uptake, demographic characteristics of users, and reasons for the removal of IUCD use at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of family planning clients, who accepted and inserted IUCD at UCTH, Calabar, between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2017. Case records of clients were retrieved and reviewed. Data extracted were entered into excel and analyzed using SPSS. Results: Out of 10,102 clients during the period, 1,032 clients accepted and inserted IUCD, giving an uptake rate of 10.2%. There was a gradual decline in the uptake of IUCD from 383 (37.1%) in 2013 to 96 (9.3%) in 2017. The sociodemographic features of IUCD users showed a mean age of 33.53 ± 5.94 with the majority, 696 (67.4%) having tertiary education. The majority were para 3 or 4 and accounted for 627 (60.7%), whereas 662 (64.2%) had previously used a modern contraceptive method. Sixty-five (6.3%) clients had their IUCD removed. The commonest reason for the removal was desire to get pregnant, 44 (67.7%), and side effects of IUCD (20.6%). Conclusion: There was a low uptake of IUCD, with a decline in the trend over the study period. Side effects affected the removal of the the IUCD. There is a need for awareness creation and education of women, appropriate counseling, and good patient selection in order to increase uptake.
{"title":"Demographic features of users and uptake of intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) and reasons for removal at University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Nigeria: A 5-year review","authors":"P. Odusolu, J. Egbe, K. Okpebri, Praise A. Uduigwomen","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_31_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_31_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is an effective long-acting reversible contraceptive method that is suitable for women of reproductive age. Despite this, its uptake by women in Nigeria is not optimum. Objectives: The objectives were to determine the uptake, demographic characteristics of users, and reasons for the removal of IUCD use at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of family planning clients, who accepted and inserted IUCD at UCTH, Calabar, between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2017. Case records of clients were retrieved and reviewed. Data extracted were entered into excel and analyzed using SPSS. Results: Out of 10,102 clients during the period, 1,032 clients accepted and inserted IUCD, giving an uptake rate of 10.2%. There was a gradual decline in the uptake of IUCD from 383 (37.1%) in 2013 to 96 (9.3%) in 2017. The sociodemographic features of IUCD users showed a mean age of 33.53 ± 5.94 with the majority, 696 (67.4%) having tertiary education. The majority were para 3 or 4 and accounted for 627 (60.7%), whereas 662 (64.2%) had previously used a modern contraceptive method. Sixty-five (6.3%) clients had their IUCD removed. The commonest reason for the removal was desire to get pregnant, 44 (67.7%), and side effects of IUCD (20.6%). Conclusion: There was a low uptake of IUCD, with a decline in the trend over the study period. Side effects affected the removal of the the IUCD. There is a need for awareness creation and education of women, appropriate counseling, and good patient selection in order to increase uptake.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89319022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Dachi, S. Awwalu, F. Mustapha, S. Yuguda, H. Abdulaziz, H. Odebiyi
Background: Iron is an essential micronutrient found in red meat, vegetables, and dairy products. Iron deficiency (ID) is associated with poor growth and impaired cognitive development, lowered immunity with increased risk to infectious diseases, and reduced productivity. Objective: We determined some sociodemographic predictors of ID among secondary school students in Bauchi State, Northeastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of secondary school students in Bauchi State, Northeastern Nigeria. Four hundred and twenty (420) secondary school students were enrolled using stratified sampling with proportional allocation. Data on age, gender, and sociodemographic parameters were collated. Body mass indices (BMIs) were computed while blood was taken for hemoglobin concentration and iron status determination. Collated data were analyzed using JASP 0.11.1.0. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to adjust for possible confounders in the observed significant relationships. Level of significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: The mean age of the students was 16.5 ± 1.9 years with females constituting 210 (50.0%). Median (interquartile range) monthly incomes for fathers and mothers were 150 (100, 200) USD and 50 (30, 70) USD, respectively. Median BMI and hemoglobin concentration (Hb) were 17.9 (16.4, 19.6) kg/m2 and 13.7 (12.7, 14.7) g/dL, respectively. Anemia was present in 62 (14.8%) participants, whereas ID was present in 213 (50.71%) participants. There was a statistically significant relationship between reduced intake of meat together with gender and iron status with females having a higher risk of having ID compared with males (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Female gender and decreased daily intake of meat are important predictors of ID among secondary school students in Bauchi State, Nigeria.
{"title":"Assessment of sociodemographic predictors of iron deficiency among secondary school students in Misau LGA, Bauchi State, Northeastern Nigeria","authors":"R. Dachi, S. Awwalu, F. Mustapha, S. Yuguda, H. Abdulaziz, H. Odebiyi","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_26_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_26_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Iron is an essential micronutrient found in red meat, vegetables, and dairy products. Iron deficiency (ID) is associated with poor growth and impaired cognitive development, lowered immunity with increased risk to infectious diseases, and reduced productivity. Objective: We determined some sociodemographic predictors of ID among secondary school students in Bauchi State, Northeastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of secondary school students in Bauchi State, Northeastern Nigeria. Four hundred and twenty (420) secondary school students were enrolled using stratified sampling with proportional allocation. Data on age, gender, and sociodemographic parameters were collated. Body mass indices (BMIs) were computed while blood was taken for hemoglobin concentration and iron status determination. Collated data were analyzed using JASP 0.11.1.0. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to adjust for possible confounders in the observed significant relationships. Level of significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: The mean age of the students was 16.5 ± 1.9 years with females constituting 210 (50.0%). Median (interquartile range) monthly incomes for fathers and mothers were 150 (100, 200) USD and 50 (30, 70) USD, respectively. Median BMI and hemoglobin concentration (Hb) were 17.9 (16.4, 19.6) kg/m2 and 13.7 (12.7, 14.7) g/dL, respectively. Anemia was present in 62 (14.8%) participants, whereas ID was present in 213 (50.71%) participants. There was a statistically significant relationship between reduced intake of meat together with gender and iron status with females having a higher risk of having ID compared with males (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Female gender and decreased daily intake of meat are important predictors of ID among secondary school students in Bauchi State, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91313455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Olarewaju, O. Jegede, Grace Ijitade, Ayodeji Akande
Background: During the initial stage of Covid-19 outbreak in Nigeria, the government took drastic steps in controlling it; this included a total lockdown which left many with fears and worries about their health and household economy. The mental health of people in the society was becoming an issue that cannot be ignored. There was a dearth of information on the impact of Covid-19 on the mental health of the general population. Objectives: This study was therefore conducted to explore the prevalence of immediate anxiety and depression disorders and to identify associated factors during the initial stage of Covid-19 outbreak in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in 2020 and was cross-sectional analytical in design. The study population included Nigerians above the age of 18 years. A total of 305 people participated in the study. Data were collected using a structured electronic questionnaire and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25. Based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), respondents were categorized into normal, having borderline, or having psychological disorders (anxiety or depression). Results: The median age of respondents was 30 years (interquartile range 23, 41.5). Three hundred and four respondents were aware of Covid-19. One hundred and twenty-five (41.0%) were assessed to be normal during the initial stage of Covid-19 in Nigeria, 44 (14.4%) had borderline psychological disorder, and 136 (44.6%) had either anxiety or depression. Respondents with occupation classified as others were found to be 52.1% times less likely to have anxiety or depression disorders when compared with civil servants (P = 0.045; 95% confidence interval = 0.23 - 0.99). Conclusion: Our study shows that anxiety and depression were widespread during the initial stage of Covid-19 outbreak. Mental health services would be essential in taking care of the psychological needs of Nigerians, especially those who have experienced and survived the scourge of the pandemic.
背景:在尼日利亚Covid-19疫情爆发的初始阶段，政府采取了严厉措施加以控制;其中包括全面封锁，这让许多人对自己的健康和家庭经济感到恐惧和担忧。人们的心理健康已经成为社会上一个不容忽视的问题。关于Covid-19对普通人群心理健康影响的信息缺乏。因此，本研究旨在探讨尼日利亚Covid-19疫情爆发初期即时焦虑和抑郁障碍的患病率，并确定相关因素。材料与方法:本研究于2020年进行，采用横断面分析设计。研究人群包括18岁以上的尼日利亚人。共有305人参与了这项研究。采用结构化电子问卷收集数据，并使用IBM SPSS version 25进行分析。根据医院焦虑和抑郁量表(HADS)，受访者被分为正常、边缘或心理障碍(焦虑或抑郁)。结果:被调查者的年龄中位数为30岁(四分位数间距为23,41.5)。有304名受访者知道新冠肺炎。在尼日利亚，125人(41.0%)在新冠肺炎初期被评估为正常，44人(14.4%)患有边缘性心理障碍，136人(44.6%)患有焦虑或抑郁。与公务员相比，其他职业被调查者患焦虑或抑郁障碍的可能性低52.1% (P = 0.045;95%置信区间= 0.23 - 0.99)。结论:我们的研究表明，在新冠肺炎疫情暴发初期，焦虑和抑郁是普遍存在的。心理健康服务对于满足尼日利亚人的心理需求至关重要，特别是那些经历过大流行病祸害并幸存下来的人。
{"title":"Immediate anxiety and depression disorders during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (Covid-19) epidemic among the general population in Nigeria","authors":"S. Olarewaju, O. Jegede, Grace Ijitade, Ayodeji Akande","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_18_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_18_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: During the initial stage of Covid-19 outbreak in Nigeria, the government took drastic steps in controlling it; this included a total lockdown which left many with fears and worries about their health and household economy. The mental health of people in the society was becoming an issue that cannot be ignored. There was a dearth of information on the impact of Covid-19 on the mental health of the general population. Objectives: This study was therefore conducted to explore the prevalence of immediate anxiety and depression disorders and to identify associated factors during the initial stage of Covid-19 outbreak in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in 2020 and was cross-sectional analytical in design. The study population included Nigerians above the age of 18 years. A total of 305 people participated in the study. Data were collected using a structured electronic questionnaire and analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25. Based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), respondents were categorized into normal, having borderline, or having psychological disorders (anxiety or depression). Results: The median age of respondents was 30 years (interquartile range 23, 41.5). Three hundred and four respondents were aware of Covid-19. One hundred and twenty-five (41.0%) were assessed to be normal during the initial stage of Covid-19 in Nigeria, 44 (14.4%) had borderline psychological disorder, and 136 (44.6%) had either anxiety or depression. Respondents with occupation classified as others were found to be 52.1% times less likely to have anxiety or depression disorders when compared with civil servants (P = 0.045; 95% confidence interval = 0.23 - 0.99). Conclusion: Our study shows that anxiety and depression were widespread during the initial stage of Covid-19 outbreak. Mental health services would be essential in taking care of the psychological needs of Nigerians, especially those who have experienced and survived the scourge of the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88479778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Anieche, A. Chinweuba, O. Okonkwo, Ifeoma Obidife, N. Makata, C. Eleke
Background: Despite the proven benefits of audit and feedback interventions in record keeping, very few studies have examined its effect on patient outcomes when applied in nursing practice. Objective: This study examined the effect of nursing audit and feedback on orthopedic patients’ outcomes in three tertiary hospitals in southeastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A single-group, pretest–posttest design was applied to a convenience sample of 150 orthopedic patients from November 2019 to March 2021. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS 25. Results: At baseline, the majority of the respondents rated their perceived general health (54.7%), physical function (60.7%), role performance due to physical limitations (55.3%), role performance due to emotional limitations (65.3%), vitality (38.0%), mental health (38.0%), and social function (45.3%) as fair, but rated their bodily comfort (44.7%) as poor. At 21 days after audit and feedback, the majority of the respondents rated their perceived general health (40.0%), role performance due to physical limitations (74.7%), mental health (58.0%), and social function (54.6%) as very good; physical function (60.7%) and role performance due to emotional limitation (50.7%) as good, but rated their vitality (44.7%) and bodily comfort (61.4%) as fair. Comparing between baseline and 21 days after audit and feedback revealed a significant improvement in perceived health status in all measured subdomains of health (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: Nursing audit and feedback is a feasible method of evaluating and enhancing patient outcomes. Audit and feedback should be considered by nurse managers for integration into routine clinical procedures.
{"title":"Effect of nursing audit and feedback on orthopedic patients’ care outcomes in selected hospitals in southeastern Nigeria","authors":"J. Anieche, A. Chinweuba, O. Okonkwo, Ifeoma Obidife, N. Makata, C. Eleke","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_43_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_43_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite the proven benefits of audit and feedback interventions in record keeping, very few studies have examined its effect on patient outcomes when applied in nursing practice. Objective: This study examined the effect of nursing audit and feedback on orthopedic patients’ outcomes in three tertiary hospitals in southeastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A single-group, pretest–posttest design was applied to a convenience sample of 150 orthopedic patients from November 2019 to March 2021. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS 25. Results: At baseline, the majority of the respondents rated their perceived general health (54.7%), physical function (60.7%), role performance due to physical limitations (55.3%), role performance due to emotional limitations (65.3%), vitality (38.0%), mental health (38.0%), and social function (45.3%) as fair, but rated their bodily comfort (44.7%) as poor. At 21 days after audit and feedback, the majority of the respondents rated their perceived general health (40.0%), role performance due to physical limitations (74.7%), mental health (58.0%), and social function (54.6%) as very good; physical function (60.7%) and role performance due to emotional limitation (50.7%) as good, but rated their vitality (44.7%) and bodily comfort (61.4%) as fair. Comparing between baseline and 21 days after audit and feedback revealed a significant improvement in perceived health status in all measured subdomains of health (P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: Nursing audit and feedback is a feasible method of evaluating and enhancing patient outcomes. Audit and feedback should be considered by nurse managers for integration into routine clinical procedures.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80618255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Administration of intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) in pregnancy is recommended for all pregnant women living in areas of stable malaria transmission. In order to increase the chances of a parturient receiving adequate number of IPT in pregnancy, World Health Organization (WHO) now recommends that it should be commenced from second trimester and given every month (at least 4 weeks apart) until the time of delivery, however, this recommendation is not being practiced by all doctors attending to pregnant women. Objective: To determine the conformity of Doctors to monthly prescription of IPT till delivery. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of antenatal clinic Doctors’ prescription of IPT during pregnancy in Enugu state. Information obtained included the socio-demographic characteristics of the Doctors, knowledge of IPT in pregnancy for malaria and implementation of the new IPT policy. A P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 119 doctors participated in the study. The mean age of the doctors was 36.15 +/- 2.42 years. One hundred and seven (89.9%) of the respondents had good knowledge that IPT is for prevention of malaria. One hundred and eighteen (99.2%) used sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine for IPT. One hundred and fourteen (95.8%) respondents knew that IPT should be commenced in second trimester, and 85.7% conformed to the new monthly policy of IPT prescription. Among the 20.2% of doctors who prescribed IPT only for 2 – 3 times during pregnancy, 13 (54.2%) gave the reason that they were comfortable with the old pattern of stopping at 36 weeks. There was significant association between knowledge of IPT in pregnancy and year of attainment of MBBS (P = 0.015). Age (P = 0.006) and level of practice (P = 0.002) were significantly associated with practice of the new IPT in pregnancy policy. Conclusion: There was high conformity to monthly IPT prescription until delivery among doctors in Enugu, Nigeria.
{"title":"Malaria in pregnancy: Assessment of doctors’ conformity to monthly intermittent preventive treatment in a Sub-Saharan African Country","authors":"Edith Ikpeama, P. Udealor, C. Onwuka","doi":"10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_36_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmh.ijmh_36_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Administration of intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) in pregnancy is recommended for all pregnant women living in areas of stable malaria transmission. In order to increase the chances of a parturient receiving adequate number of IPT in pregnancy, World Health Organization (WHO) now recommends that it should be commenced from second trimester and given every month (at least 4 weeks apart) until the time of delivery, however, this recommendation is not being practiced by all doctors attending to pregnant women. Objective: To determine the conformity of Doctors to monthly prescription of IPT till delivery. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of antenatal clinic Doctors’ prescription of IPT during pregnancy in Enugu state. Information obtained included the socio-demographic characteristics of the Doctors, knowledge of IPT in pregnancy for malaria and implementation of the new IPT policy. A P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 119 doctors participated in the study. The mean age of the doctors was 36.15 +/- 2.42 years. One hundred and seven (89.9%) of the respondents had good knowledge that IPT is for prevention of malaria. One hundred and eighteen (99.2%) used sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine for IPT. One hundred and fourteen (95.8%) respondents knew that IPT should be commenced in second trimester, and 85.7% conformed to the new monthly policy of IPT prescription. Among the 20.2% of doctors who prescribed IPT only for 2 – 3 times during pregnancy, 13 (54.2%) gave the reason that they were comfortable with the old pattern of stopping at 36 weeks. There was significant association between knowledge of IPT in pregnancy and year of attainment of MBBS (P = 0.015). Age (P = 0.006) and level of practice (P = 0.002) were significantly associated with practice of the new IPT in pregnancy policy. Conclusion: There was high conformity to monthly IPT prescription until delivery among doctors in Enugu, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":14106,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medicine and Health Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75459031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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