International journal of epidemiology最新文献

Background: Rising state pension ages in many developed countries may influence cognitive aging by delaying retirement, yet the cognitive consequences of retirement likely vary across individuals and contexts. This study investigates the heterogeneous association between retirement and cognitive function.

Methods: We analyzed harmonized data from three longitudinal studies: the Health and Retirement Study, the English Longitudinal Study on Ageing, and the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. The dataset encompassed three waves across 19 counties from 2014 to 2019. Our study included 12 811 individuals who worked in the first wave, from whom each survey collected covariate information. We assessed retirement status among participants aged 50-80 years in the second wave and measured cognitive function using word recall tests in the third wave. The analysis employed instrumental variable causal forests estimation, utilizing state pension age as an instrument for retirement.

Results: Among 7432 individuals with retirement propensity scores between 0.1 and 0.9, 2165 (29.1%) retired during the second wave. Analysis revealed that retirees recalled 1.348 more words than workers on average. The association between retirement and cognitive function was heterogeneous; greater cognitive benefits were observed among women, individuals with higher socioeconomic status, those with robust pre-retirement health, and those who engaged in physical activity before retirement.

Conclusions: The observed heterogeneous associations suggest policymakers should consider incorporating early retirement options into the pension system, allowing individuals to make retirement decisions based on their circumstances.

Background: The association between dairy intake and mortality remains unclear, particularly in populations with low dairy consumption, such as the Japanese population. Thus, we investigated the associations between dairy intake and mortality in a pooled analysis of 10 Japanese cohorts.

Methods: We analysed data from 180 267 males and 218 423 females aged ≥35 years at baseline (1983-2014) without a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cancer. Dairy consumption (milk, yogurt, cheese, and total dairy intakes) was assessed through self-reported food frequency questionnaires. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each study and pooled by using random-effects models to evaluate the associations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Results: Over 11.5-24.4 years of follow-up, 41 218 males and 28 659 females died. In males, compared with consuming milk

Conclusion: Dairy intake, particularly daily milk intake, may reduce mortality risk, especially cerebrovascular disease mortality risk, in Japanese males and females.

Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) histological subtypes clear cell RCC (ccRCC; >75% of cases) and papillary RCC (papRCC; ∼15%) exhibit distinct molecular and genetic profiles, patient demographics, and prognoses. Previous epidemiologic studies have identified several risk factors for overall RCC, although few have explored differences in etiology across subtypes.

Methods: For this study, we applied two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to findings from a genome-wide association study of RCC (27 213 cases, 488 019 controls) to investigate the effects of RCC risk factors with ccRCC (15 507 cases) and papRCC (2103 cases). We also conducted case-only MR analyses contrasting ccRCC and papRCC cases to test for heterogeneity in risk factor effects across subtypes.

Results: MR for overall RCC confirmed associations with obesity, blood pressure, smoking, and several other suspected risk factors. In subtype-specific analyses, we observed stronger associations with ccRCC than for papRCC for anthropometric measures such as body mass index [ccRCC odds ratio (ORccRCC) = 1.58 per standard deviation increase, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.50-1.68; papRCC odds ratio (ORpapRCC) = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.07-1.42; Pheterogeneity = 2.7 × 10-4], while stronger associations with papRCC were observed for chronic kidney disease (ORccRCC = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.99-1.15; ORpapRCC = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.16-1.66; Pheterogeneity = 5.42 × 10-5), creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (ORccRCC = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.92-1.01; ORpapRCC = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.64-0.79; Pheterogeneity = 7.76 × 10-5), and telomere length (ORccRCC = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.93-2.06; ORpapRCC = 2.50, 95% CI = 2.28-2.72; Pheterogeneity = 6.2 × 10-3). Further analysis identified the colocalization of significant RCC risk loci and 20 risk factors along with potential target genes through transcriptomic analysis.

Conclusion: These results highlight the heterogeneous nature of RCC etiology and the importance of considering histologic subtypes in etiologic and genetic studies.