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“I Call Them My Little Chinese Kids”: Parents’ Identities and Language Ideologies in a Mandarin-English Dual Language Immersion School “我称他们为我的中国小孩子”:中英双语浸入式学校家长的身份认同与语言意识形态
Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.46303/jcve.2020.19
May F. Chung
Research on bilingual education presents clear advantages for children’s linguistic, cognitive, and social development. However, recent criticism of dual language education programs has led to claims of dual language education as a marker of elite bilingualism or that parents play their roles as socially accepted “good parents” by sending their child to a bilingual school. This paper presents the linguistic ideologies of parents of students enrolled in two Chinese-English dual language schools in the MidAtlantic U.S. Qualitative data were obtained from in-depth interviews with 21 parents (mothers = 15, fathers = 6), the majority of whom have no Chinese ethnic connection. In drawing from theories of Family Language Policy, parents addressed the connections between Mandarin and economic, political, sociolinguistic, or sociocultural factors. Discussions with parents reveal both their knowledge and misconceptions regarding language learning theories. Findings also indicated that parental language ideologies often intertwine Chinese language with culture and nationality. Further, this research explores the ways parents uniquely shaped their identities in how they both accept and reject aspects of Chinese culture and language. My study reveals a more nuanced portrait of the parents who choose Mandarin immersion for their children, and explores the critical role that caretakers can play in informing bilingual policies and practices.
双语教育的研究对儿童的语言、认知和社会发展具有明显的优势。然而,最近对双语教育项目的批评导致双语教育成为精英双语的标志,或者父母通过将孩子送到双语学校来扮演社会认可的“好父母”的角色。本文研究了美国中大西洋地区两所中英双语学校学生家长的语言意识形态,通过对21名家长(母亲= 15,父亲= 6)的深度访谈获得了定性数据,其中大多数家长没有中国民族关系。根据家庭语言政策的理论,家长们讨论了普通话与经济、政治、社会语言学或社会文化因素之间的联系。与父母的讨论揭示了他们对语言学习理论的了解和误解。研究结果还表明,父母的语言意识形态往往将汉语与文化和国籍交织在一起。此外,本研究还探讨了父母在接受和拒绝中国文化和语言方面如何独特地塑造他们的身份。我的研究更细致地揭示了为孩子选择汉语浸入式教育的父母的情况,并探讨了看护人在告知双语政策和实践方面可以发挥的关键作用。
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引用次数: 4
Linguistic Landscape in Educational Spaces 教育空间中的语言景观
Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.46303/jcve.2020.10
Sheryl Bernardo-Hinesley
Educational institutions, whether privately owned or state funded, are a meeting place for students coming from diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds. Educational institutions as learning environments and spaces not only play a fundamental role in the development of an individual, but also perpetuate various ideologies related to languages, politics, cultures, and society among others. In relation to language ideology, linguistic landscape is a novel field which allows sociolinguists to analyze how spaces are constituted through the language(s) employed in public signage as signs enable a dynamic process in which the language(s) used in these signs and those who pass by said signs influence each other to shape the landscape of their community. It enables the identification of the relative power and vitality of the language(s) in a particular community that may or may not appear in public signage. Language(s) displayed in public spaces can also be interpreted as a reflection of the ideological conflicts within a community. Respectively, there is a growing interest towards the study of the linguistic landscape in educational spaces, also known as schoolscape. School, a central civic institution, represents a deliberate and planned environment where learners are subjected to powerful messages about language(s) from local and national authorities. Accordingly, by reviewing past studies, this paper proposes to initiate discussion and investigation of the practices and the language(s) utilized in signs within educational spaces in the United States as institutions can perpetuate language ideologies, which can either foster or hinder bilingual education.
教育机构,无论是私人拥有还是国家资助,都是来自不同语言和文化背景的学生的聚会场所。教育机构作为学习的环境和空间,不仅对个人的发展起着基础性的作用,而且也使语言、政治、文化和社会等各种意识形态得以延续。在语言意识形态方面,语言景观是一个新颖的领域,它允许社会语言学家分析空间是如何通过公共标志中使用的语言构成的,因为标志实现了一个动态过程,在这个过程中,这些标志中使用的语言和经过这些标志的人相互影响,形成了他们社区的景观。它可以识别特定社区中语言的相对力量和活力,这些语言可能出现在公共标志中,也可能不会出现在公共标志中。在公共场所展示的语言也可以被解释为一个社区内部意识形态冲突的反映。另外,人们对教育空间中的语言景观(也称为学校景观)的研究越来越感兴趣。学校作为一个中心的公民机构,代表了一个经过深思熟虑和规划的环境,在这里,学习者受到地方和国家当局关于语言的有力信息的影响。因此,在回顾以往研究的基础上,本文建议对美国教育空间中使用的符号的实践和语言进行讨论和调查,因为制度可以使语言意识形态永续,从而促进或阻碍双语教育。
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引用次数: 10
Broadening Understandings of the Cultural Value of Aloha in a Teacher Educator Program 在教师教育计划中拓展对阿罗哈文化价值的理解
Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.46303/jcve.2020.14
M. Ebersole, Huihui Kanahele-Mossman
This study examined how pre-service teachers’ in a mainstream teacher education program expanded their understandings of the Hawaiian cultural value of aloha to reflect the integrity of the translation of aloha as originating in Hawaiian ancestral text.  Data were collected from 10 elementary and 11 secondary pre-service teachers’ personal written reflections at the end of each of day of a three-day course. A post-course questionnaire was collected 10 months post-course completion, after pre-service teachers’ student teaching experience.  As a result of qualitatively analyzing their written reflections and post-course questionnaire three patterns emerged to reflect the shifts in their understanding of the word aloha:  1) Common Understandings of Aloha; 2) Methods for Activating Aloha; and 3) Sustainable Practices.  16 out of 21 or 76% of the pre-service teachers confirmed that they experienced a shift in their understanding of aloha.  The remaining five responded that their understandings of aloha did not “shift,” but rather used the following words to indicate that their understanding of aloha: “expanded,” “strengthened,” “influenced,” “renewed,” and “broadened.” In order for pre-service teachers to be comfortable with the language and meanings associated with a cultural value laden concept like aloha they personally connected with the meaning of the word, expanded understanding through academic learning, and reflected upon new understandings. While tensions and discomfort about using language and cultural concepts from “outside” one’s own ethnic and racial background may still exist, we are encouraged by the idea that pre-service teachers can commit to broadening and embracing understandings of aloha as a meaningful part of their daily classroom practices and lives.
本研究考察了主流教师教育计划中的职前教师如何扩展他们对阿罗哈语夏威夷文化价值的理解,以反映阿罗哈语翻译的完整性,因为阿罗哈语起源于夏威夷祖先的文本。数据收集了10名小学和11名中学职前教师在三天课程每天结束时的个人书面反思。课程结束后10个月,在职前教师的学生教学经历后收集课程后问卷。通过对学生书面反思和课后问卷的定性分析,可以看出学生对“阿罗哈”一词理解的转变有三种模式:1)对“阿罗哈”的共同理解;2)阿罗哈激活方法;3)可持续实践。21位职前教师中有16位(76%)确认他们对阿罗哈的理解发生了转变。其余五人回答说,他们对阿罗哈的理解并没有“改变”,而是使用以下词语来表明他们对阿罗哈的理解:“扩大”、“加强”、“影响”、“更新”和“拓宽”。为了让职前教师适应与aloha这样充满文化价值的概念相关的语言和含义,他们亲自与这个词的含义联系起来,通过学术学习扩大理解,并反思新的理解。虽然使用来自“外部”民族和种族背景的语言和文化概念可能仍然存在紧张和不适,但我们受到鼓舞的是,职前教师可以致力于扩大和接受对阿罗哈语的理解,将其作为日常课堂实践和生活中有意义的一部分。
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引用次数: 7
What Does “Education” Mean: Cultural Values in Educational Language “教育”意味着什么:教育语言中的文化价值
Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.46303/jcve.2020.12
Mark Honegger
This article will advocate for the use of Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) Theory to research cultural values in Education. It will demonstrate how NSM research can be conducted as it provides explications for the word education. NSM is a research agenda that has identified 65 semantic primes, words that are found in every language of the world and which cannot be defined in terms of any simpler words. If you try to break down a semantic prime like good, you might describe it in terms of words like “positive, pleasing, valued,” all of which turn out to be more complex than good itself. Because primes cannot be decomposed and are universal to every language and every culture, they provide a basis for carrying out cross-linguistic comparisons of meaning and for identifying the cultural perspectives that inform our language and its thought structures. More complicated words, the bulk of any language, are social constructs that are culturally laden, providing deep insights into the way a society thinks.
本文主张运用自然语义元语言理论来研究教育中的文化价值。它将展示如何进行NSM研究,因为它为教育这个词提供了解释。NSM是一项研究议程,它已经确定了65个语义启动词,这些词在世界上的每种语言中都有,而且不能用任何更简单的词来定义。如果你试图分解像good这样的语义启动词,你可能会用"积极的,令人愉悦的,有价值的"这样的词来描述它,所有这些词都比good本身更复杂。由于启动词不可分解,并且对每种语言和每种文化都是普遍存在的,因此它们为进行跨语言的意义比较以及识别为我们的语言及其思想结构提供信息的文化视角提供了基础。更复杂的词汇,任何语言的大部分,都是承载文化的社会结构,提供对社会思维方式的深刻见解。
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引用次数: 7
Serious with the Wordplay: Battle Rap as a Critical Literacy Site and Model 认真的文字游戏:战斗说唱作为一个关键的识字网站和模式
Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.46303/jcve.2020.11
M. Johnson
Critical scholars contend it must be the duty of those who are marginalized to create pedagogy that will empower themselves. As such, researchers continue to explore ways and means by which Black male students can engage with and enact literacy. While a significant amount of research has been conducted on hip-hop pedagogies and literacy, there lacks examination into how the specific element of battle rap functions as a location to cultivate the critical consciousness of students. This research seeks to highlight how the genre of battle rap can be a pedagogical tool of literary expression, while simultaneously shedding traditional standards of instruction which have constrained learning opportunities, particularly for Black male students. Critical literacy as a theoretical framework and critical discourse analysis (CDA) as a methodology are employed to advance battle rap as an effective instructional tool. Ultimately, this study seeks to privilege the educational experiences of Black male students and complex our interpretations of how language, literacy, and culture intersect and can be exercised in US classrooms.
批判性的学者认为,那些被边缘化的人必须有责任创造能够赋予自己权力的教育学。因此,研究人员继续探索黑人男性学生参与和实施扫盲的方式和手段。虽然对嘻哈教学法和文化素养进行了大量的研究,但缺乏对战斗说唱的特定元素如何作为培养学生批判意识的场所的研究。这项研究旨在强调战斗说唱是如何成为一种文学表达的教学工具,同时摆脱限制学习机会的传统教学标准,特别是对黑人男学生。以批判性素养为理论框架,以批判性话语分析为方法论,推动战斗说唱成为有效的教学工具。最终,本研究试图对黑人男学生的教育经历给予特权,并使我们对语言、读写能力和文化如何交叉以及如何在美国课堂上运用的解释更加复杂。
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引用次数: 4
Dynamic Language Use in Bi/Multilingual Early Childhood Education Contexts 双语/多语幼儿教育语境中的动态语言使用
Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.46303/jcve.2020.18
R. Pontier, Ivian Destro Boruchowski, Lergia I Olivo
The population of bilingual students learning and using more than one language in the United States has more than doubled in the past 30 years. This is especially true in early childhood, which makes it crucial that educators of young emergent bilingual children understand and support these young children’s bi/multilingual development, including critically understanding the implication of adopting different perspectives of bi/multilingualism. Although much is known about classroom practices in support of emergent bilingual children in Kindergarten and beyond, little is known about those practices in the early years. This article provides a systematic review of relevant empirical studies that investigated teachers’ and children’s dynamic language use in bi/multilingual early childhood education settings. The authors identify several strategic languaging practices enacted by both teachers and children, and strategies for fostering these practices; as well as ways in which teachers leveraged their agency through their languaging practices. Implications for future research, practice, professional development, and policy are discussed.
在美国,学习和使用一种以上语言的双语学生人数在过去30年里增加了一倍多。这在儿童早期尤其如此,这使得新兴双语儿童的教育者理解和支持这些幼儿的双/多语言发展至关重要,包括批判性地理解采用不同视角的双/多语言的含义。虽然我们对幼儿园及以后支持新兴双语儿童的课堂实践了解很多,但对早期的实践知之甚少。本文对双/多语幼儿教育环境中教师和儿童动态语言使用的相关实证研究进行了系统回顾。作者确定了教师和儿童实施的几种策略语言实践,以及促进这些实践的策略;以及教师在语言实践中发挥代理作用的方式。讨论了对未来研究、实践、专业发展和政策的影响。
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引用次数: 8
El Instituto: Centering Language, Culture, and Power in Bilingual Teacher Professional Development 以语言、文化和权力为中心的双语教师专业发展
Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.46303/jcve.2020.16
Jen Stacy, Y. Fernández, Elexia Reyes McGovern
Teacher education programs have the obligation to prepare bilingual teachers, new and established, to challenge pervasive deficit and racist ideologies, to cultivate students’ identities/knowledges, and to thwart oppressive ideologies through counter-hegemonic discourses. This paper presents a case study of El Instituto, one Hispanic Serving Institution’s immersive professional development program for Spanish-speaking bilingual teachers in Los Angeles County. Conducted entirely in Spanish, the program aimed to center teachers’ sociocultural realities and community cultural wealth while honoring their linguistic capital, deepening their Spanish-language knowledge, and developing critical consciousness. Findings suggest that utilizing a sociocultural approach to simultaneously study Spanish language and critical pedagogy while centering teachers’ community cultural wealth led to deep insights about intersections of languages and culture within larger power structures that cultivate systemic oppression. However, epistemological shifts about fostering more humanizing and critical professional development for bilingual educators are necessary to achieve these goals.
教师教育项目有义务培养新老双语教师,挑战普遍存在的赤字和种族主义意识形态,培养学生的身份/知识,并通过反霸权话语挫败压迫性意识形态。本文以洛杉矶县西班牙语双语教师浸入式专业发展项目El Instituto为例进行了研究。该项目完全以西班牙语进行,旨在集中教师的社会文化现实和社区文化财富,同时尊重他们的语言资本,加深他们的西班牙语知识,培养批判意识。研究结果表明,利用社会文化方法同时学习西班牙语和批判性教学法,同时以教师的社区文化财富为中心,可以深入了解更大的权力结构中语言和文化的交叉点,从而培养系统性压迫。然而,为了实现这些目标,需要在认识论上进行转变,以促进双语教育者更加人性化和批判性的专业发展。
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引用次数: 5
How English-Speaking Teachers Can Create a Welcoming Environment that Allows Students to Maintain and Utilize their Language through Translanguaging: A Qualitative Case Study 英语教师如何通过翻译创造一个友好的环境,让学生保持和使用他们的语言:一个定性的案例研究
Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.46303/jcve.2020.20
B. Adams
This study analyzed how English-speaking teachers created a welcoming environment to allow students to maintain and utilize their first language through translanguaging in a high school class of English-language learners. This case study applied funds of knowledge as a theoretical framework to focus on how a ninth-grade class with two qualified English language arts teachers acquired new knowledge using five types of funds of knowledge: academic and personal background knowledge, accumulated life experiences, world views, and skills in an Urban-Multicultural Classroom. In a year-long effort, the researcher interviewed teachers and students, took field notes, collected instructional planning documents, and photographed students’ artifacts. The findings show that students grew in their construction of self-identity, developed their proficiency in two languages, and flourished in their multicultural competency while earning good grades.
本研究分析了英语教师如何在高中英语学习者的课堂上通过跨语言创造一个友好的环境,让学生保持和利用他们的母语。本案例研究以知识基金为理论框架,探讨在城市多元文化课堂中,一个九年级班级在两位合格的英语语言艺术教师的指导下,如何利用五种类型的知识基金:学术和个人背景知识、积累的生活经验、世界观和技能来获取新知识。在一年的努力中,研究人员采访了老师和学生,做了实地笔记,收集了教学计划文件,并为学生的文物拍照。研究结果表明,学生在取得良好成绩的同时,自我认同的建构得到了发展,两种语言的熟练程度得到了提高,多元文化能力得到了蓬勃发展。
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引用次数: 3
Funds of Identity and Education: The Journey of a Latina Educator from Linguistic Erasure to Linguistic Empowerment 身份与教育的基金:一位拉丁裔教育工作者从语言抹除到语言赋权的历程
Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.46303/jcve.2020.15
Myriam Jimena Guerra, M. López, A. Benavides
This study had three aims: to present a case study and explain the funds of identity of a Latina educator; to use this as an opportunity to connect heritage language to ideological clarity and humanizing pedagogies in educator preparation programs; and to illustrate how pedagogy and language education can include transformational and healing elements when educators are engaged in culturally and linguistically affirming professional development. By understanding ourselves as teachers in relation to the communities in which we teach, we are able to develop ideological clarity and reject deficit perspectives that serve to erase non-English languages spoken at home in order to effectively serve and advocate for our multilingual, emerging bilingual and heritage language students. This case study of one Latina’s journey to linguistic empowerment may serve as an example of how future teachers can transform their own experiences of language loss into empowerment and reclaim their own culture, language, and values not only for themselves but for their students as well.
本研究有三个目的:提供个案研究并解释拉丁裔教育工作者认同的来源;以此为契机,将遗产语言与意识形态的清晰性和教育工作者准备计划中的人性化教学法联系起来;并说明当教育者从事文化和语言上肯定的专业发展时,教育学和语言教育如何包括转型和治愈因素。通过了解我们作为教师与我们所教的社区的关系,我们能够发展意识形态的清晰度,并拒绝那些有助于消除国内非英语语言的缺陷观点,以便有效地服务和倡导我们的多语言,新兴双语和传统语言学生。这个关于拉丁美洲人语言赋权之旅的案例研究可以作为一个例子,告诉未来的教师如何将自己的语言丧失经历转化为赋权,不仅为自己,也为学生重新找回自己的文化、语言和价值观。
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引用次数: 3
Narratives of Racial Reckoning: Oppression, Resistance, and Inspiration in English Classrooms 种族清算的叙事:英语课堂中的压迫、反抗与启示
Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.46303/jcve.2020.17
Joanelle G Morales, Nick Bardo
This narrative inquiry traces the experiences of five racially and ethnically diverse English Language Arts teachers as they move from their university coursework in a teacher education program to their student teaching and then into their first years teaching in a large urban school district in the Southeast. Through narrative inquiry, these teachers describe how language was/is used as a tool of racial oppression in their professional lives, how language served as resistance to racist discourses in their classrooms, and furthermore how language functioned to inspire through the disruption of racist discourse. These narratives illuminate the intersections of race, ethnicity, language, education, and power and how teachers can both disrupt and sustain canonical narratives and discourses.
这个叙事调查追踪了五位不同种族和民族的英语语言艺术教师的经历,他们从教师教育项目的大学课程到学生教学,然后进入他们在东南部一个大城市学区的第一年教学。通过叙事探究,这些教师描述了语言在他们的职业生涯中是如何被用作种族压迫的工具的,语言是如何在课堂上抵抗种族主义话语的,以及语言是如何通过破坏种族主义话语来激发灵感的。这些叙述阐明了种族、民族、语言、教育和权力的交叉点,以及教师如何破坏和维持规范的叙述和话语。
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引用次数: 6
期刊
Journal of Culture and Values in Education
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