Pub Date : 2022-11-17DOI: 10.1898/1051-1733-103.3.271
{"title":"LIFETIME MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY FOR NORTHWESTERN VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY","authors":"","doi":"10.1898/1051-1733-103.3.271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1898/1051-1733-103.3.271","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142406,"journal":{"name":"Northwestern Naturalist","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122141528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-17DOI: 10.1898/1051-1733-103.3.257
J. Evens
Abstract Bobcat predation on nesting Ospreys, here documented in California, is a rare occurrence. An increase in potential predator populations in recent decades may have contributed to the event described here.
{"title":"ADULT FEMALE OSPREY KILLED BY BOBCAT ON NEST SITE IN INVERNESS, CALIFORNIA","authors":"J. Evens","doi":"10.1898/1051-1733-103.3.257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1898/1051-1733-103.3.257","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bobcat predation on nesting Ospreys, here documented in California, is a rare occurrence. An increase in potential predator populations in recent decades may have contributed to the event described here.","PeriodicalId":142406,"journal":{"name":"Northwestern Naturalist","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121274746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-17DOI: 10.1898/1051-1733-103.3.244
Ariel M. Woodward, Noah A Burg, Karen F Matthews, P. Trail
Abstract We describe a mass mortality event at a school in Medford, Oregon in which the remains of over 5600 Vaux's Swifts (Chaetura vauxi) were found at the bottom of a chimney. The use of operating chimneys by migratory aggregations of this species poses the risk of significant mortality. We offer suggestions to reduce the risk of Vaux's Swift mortality caused by operating chimneys and illustrate how community involvement can contribute to mortality reduction.
{"title":"MASS MORTALITY OF VAUX'S SWIFTS IN SOUTHERN OREGON","authors":"Ariel M. Woodward, Noah A Burg, Karen F Matthews, P. Trail","doi":"10.1898/1051-1733-103.3.244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1898/1051-1733-103.3.244","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We describe a mass mortality event at a school in Medford, Oregon in which the remains of over 5600 Vaux's Swifts (Chaetura vauxi) were found at the bottom of a chimney. The use of operating chimneys by migratory aggregations of this species poses the risk of significant mortality. We offer suggestions to reduce the risk of Vaux's Swift mortality caused by operating chimneys and illustrate how community involvement can contribute to mortality reduction.","PeriodicalId":142406,"journal":{"name":"Northwestern Naturalist","volume":"11 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127081540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract At northern latitudes, bats often use roosting structures provided by people. Conventional thinking suggests that bat boxes should be entirely black to absorb heat and assist bats with thermoregulation. However, with long periods of summer daylight in subarctic Canada, we suspected that risk of overheating might occur in black boxes. We investigated whether roost temperatures exceeded 42°C, the upper limit of the thermoneutral zone in Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus), and whether replacing the black roof with a white one, akin to a sun hat, would alleviate the risk of overheating without compromising roost temperatures especially at night. We also investigated whether bats used the boxes. The internal temperature of black boxes exceeded 42°C on some days in 2 summers. Substituting the black roof with a white one consistently reduced the maximum daily roost temperature to below 42°C, but this was also accompanied by a slightly lower minimum roost temperature at night and a cooler roost temperature regime overall. The reduction in maximum daily roost temperature by the white roof was more pronounced on days with higher maximum daily ambient temperatures. At 5 sites with paired white-roof and black-roof boxes, 4 had bat use of both boxes and 1 had no use of either box. Bats used 10 of 19 (53%) black-roof boxes in 2019, and 16 of 21 (77%) in 2020. Replacing a black roof with a white one can mitigate risk of overheating for boxes in subarctic latitudes, and likely through a range of temperate latitudes. However, completely black boxes are still necessary to enhance the thermal environment for roosting bats through most of the summer. We suggest that providing bats with roosting options, such as paired black-roof and white-roof boxes immediately adjacent to one another, is a better habitat enhancement option than just single black boxes.
{"title":"SUN HATS FOR BAT BOXES: MITIGATING THE RISK OF OVERHEATING AT NORTHERN LATITUDES","authors":"M. Leung, D. Reid, W. Halliday","doi":"10.1898/NWN22-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1898/NWN22-03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract At northern latitudes, bats often use roosting structures provided by people. Conventional thinking suggests that bat boxes should be entirely black to absorb heat and assist bats with thermoregulation. However, with long periods of summer daylight in subarctic Canada, we suspected that risk of overheating might occur in black boxes. We investigated whether roost temperatures exceeded 42°C, the upper limit of the thermoneutral zone in Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus), and whether replacing the black roof with a white one, akin to a sun hat, would alleviate the risk of overheating without compromising roost temperatures especially at night. We also investigated whether bats used the boxes. The internal temperature of black boxes exceeded 42°C on some days in 2 summers. Substituting the black roof with a white one consistently reduced the maximum daily roost temperature to below 42°C, but this was also accompanied by a slightly lower minimum roost temperature at night and a cooler roost temperature regime overall. The reduction in maximum daily roost temperature by the white roof was more pronounced on days with higher maximum daily ambient temperatures. At 5 sites with paired white-roof and black-roof boxes, 4 had bat use of both boxes and 1 had no use of either box. Bats used 10 of 19 (53%) black-roof boxes in 2019, and 16 of 21 (77%) in 2020. Replacing a black roof with a white one can mitigate risk of overheating for boxes in subarctic latitudes, and likely through a range of temperate latitudes. However, completely black boxes are still necessary to enhance the thermal environment for roosting bats through most of the summer. We suggest that providing bats with roosting options, such as paired black-roof and white-roof boxes immediately adjacent to one another, is a better habitat enhancement option than just single black boxes.","PeriodicalId":142406,"journal":{"name":"Northwestern Naturalist","volume":"271 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116249299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-17DOI: 10.1898/1051-1733-103.3.259
J. Evens, A. Brake
Abstract This note documents changes in both substrate used for nest sites and distribution of nesting Ospreys in the San Francisco Bay area over the last 2 decades. Ospreys shifted from use of natural to artificial structures for nesting, as well as shifting nesting distribution from a fresh-water reservoir to the San Francisco Bay estuary. Changes in predator populations, prey, and availability of nest sites may be influencing these changes. The shift from use of natural to artificial structures for nest sites by Osprey mirrors a pattern observed in other western states.
{"title":"OSPREY SHIFT FROM NESTING IN TREES TO ARTIFICIAL STRUCTURES IN THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA, CALIFORNIA.","authors":"J. Evens, A. Brake","doi":"10.1898/1051-1733-103.3.259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1898/1051-1733-103.3.259","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This note documents changes in both substrate used for nest sites and distribution of nesting Ospreys in the San Francisco Bay area over the last 2 decades. Ospreys shifted from use of natural to artificial structures for nesting, as well as shifting nesting distribution from a fresh-water reservoir to the San Francisco Bay estuary. Changes in predator populations, prey, and availability of nest sites may be influencing these changes. The shift from use of natural to artificial structures for nest sites by Osprey mirrors a pattern observed in other western states.","PeriodicalId":142406,"journal":{"name":"Northwestern Naturalist","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123997685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-17DOI: 10.1898/1051-1733-103.3.278
{"title":"ANNUAL MEMBERSHIP RENEWAL INFORMATION SOCIETY FOR NORTHWESTERN VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY","authors":"","doi":"10.1898/1051-1733-103.3.278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1898/1051-1733-103.3.278","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142406,"journal":{"name":"Northwestern Naturalist","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117043018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-17DOI: 10.1898/1051-1733-103.3.263
P. Gorman
Abstract Reported herein is the description of atypical head coloration on a male Evening Grosbeak (Coccothraustes vespertinus). This coloration is unique in that feathers on the posterior of the crown lack the typical dark melanin pigmentation, allowing the underlying vivid yellow (carotenoid) pigmentation that is usually revealed on the male's eyebrow stripe to also be revealed here. The non-melanic form of melano-carotenoid schizochroism is a likely explanation for this crown color variation. Given the importance of crowns and their coloration during mate selection among various avian species, their importance for Evening Grosbeaks is worth further investigation.
{"title":"AN EVENING GROSBEAK WITH UNIQUE CROWN COLORATION","authors":"P. Gorman","doi":"10.1898/1051-1733-103.3.263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1898/1051-1733-103.3.263","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Reported herein is the description of atypical head coloration on a male Evening Grosbeak (Coccothraustes vespertinus). This coloration is unique in that feathers on the posterior of the crown lack the typical dark melanin pigmentation, allowing the underlying vivid yellow (carotenoid) pigmentation that is usually revealed on the male's eyebrow stripe to also be revealed here. The non-melanic form of melano-carotenoid schizochroism is a likely explanation for this crown color variation. Given the importance of crowns and their coloration during mate selection among various avian species, their importance for Evening Grosbeaks is worth further investigation.","PeriodicalId":142406,"journal":{"name":"Northwestern Naturalist","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127728121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-17DOI: 10.1898/1051-1733-103.3.269
Michael R McTee
Abstract In late May 2021, I spotted a Bighorn Sheep lamb (Ovis canadensis) stranded in a cliffside hollow in the Rock Creek drainage near Philipsburg, Montana. For nearly 3 months, a ewe returned to nurse the lamb. In early August, the lamb likely fell to its death.
{"title":"BIGHORN SHEEP LAMB STRANDED ON A CLIFF FOR ALMOST THREE MONTHS","authors":"Michael R McTee","doi":"10.1898/1051-1733-103.3.269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1898/1051-1733-103.3.269","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In late May 2021, I spotted a Bighorn Sheep lamb (Ovis canadensis) stranded in a cliffside hollow in the Rock Creek drainage near Philipsburg, Montana. For nearly 3 months, a ewe returned to nurse the lamb. In early August, the lamb likely fell to its death.","PeriodicalId":142406,"journal":{"name":"Northwestern Naturalist","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133444145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The inland waters of Washington State are inhabited regularly by 10 species of marine mammals. Updated and comprehensive information regarding marine mammal occurrence, distribution, and behavior in the area is critical when addressing local anthropogenic impact, management, and conservation concerns. We conducted a total of 16,198 km of observation effort during systematic line-transect surveys from a high-wing, twin-engine airplane throughout Puget Sound in all 4 seasons during 2013 to 2016, and in the Strait of Juan de Fuca and San Juan Islands area during summer 2014 and spring 2015. Ten marine mammal species were confirmed across 5772 groups of an estimated 10,673 individuals sighted, including some seasonal patterns of occurrence. The most commonly sighted species in terms of individuals were Harbor Seals (n = 8012), Harbor Porpoises (n = 2168), California Sea Lions (n = 238) and Steller Sea Lions (n = 77). The most common behavior states documented across species among the total 5670 groups were rest (73%) and medium travel (16%); probable foraging was observed among 13 groups (0.2%) and included Gray Whale foraging pits in tidal mudflats. Potential behavioral reactions to the aircraft were rare (0.3% of total individuals), primarily by Harbor Seals and Harbor Porpoises. Results of these surveys represent the most comprehensive up-to-date information available on marine mammal occurrence, distribution, and behavior across seasons in the Puget Sound region.
{"title":"MARINE MAMMAL OCCURRENCE, DISTRIBUTION, AND BEHAVIOR IN THE INLAND WATERS OF WASHINGTON FROM AERIAL SURVEYS, 2013–2016","authors":"M. Smultea, T. Jefferson, Rebekah S. Lane","doi":"10.1898/NWN21-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1898/NWN21-12","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The inland waters of Washington State are inhabited regularly by 10 species of marine mammals. Updated and comprehensive information regarding marine mammal occurrence, distribution, and behavior in the area is critical when addressing local anthropogenic impact, management, and conservation concerns. We conducted a total of 16,198 km of observation effort during systematic line-transect surveys from a high-wing, twin-engine airplane throughout Puget Sound in all 4 seasons during 2013 to 2016, and in the Strait of Juan de Fuca and San Juan Islands area during summer 2014 and spring 2015. Ten marine mammal species were confirmed across 5772 groups of an estimated 10,673 individuals sighted, including some seasonal patterns of occurrence. The most commonly sighted species in terms of individuals were Harbor Seals (n = 8012), Harbor Porpoises (n = 2168), California Sea Lions (n = 238) and Steller Sea Lions (n = 77). The most common behavior states documented across species among the total 5670 groups were rest (73%) and medium travel (16%); probable foraging was observed among 13 groups (0.2%) and included Gray Whale foraging pits in tidal mudflats. Potential behavioral reactions to the aircraft were rare (0.3% of total individuals), primarily by Harbor Seals and Harbor Porpoises. Results of these surveys represent the most comprehensive up-to-date information available on marine mammal occurrence, distribution, and behavior across seasons in the Puget Sound region.","PeriodicalId":142406,"journal":{"name":"Northwestern Naturalist","volume":"243 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114158989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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