Pub Date : 2021-11-26DOI: 10.1898/1051-1733-102.3.269
{"title":"LIFETIME MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY FOR NORTHWESTERN VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY","authors":"","doi":"10.1898/1051-1733-102.3.269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1898/1051-1733-102.3.269","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142406,"journal":{"name":"Northwestern Naturalist","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133791221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-26DOI: 10.1898/1051-1733-102.3.261
R. Peek, S. Kupferberg, A. Catenazzi, Philip Georgakakos, M. Power
Abstract When unexpected predator-prey interactions are observed, abiotic conditions can reveal insights about the ecology of the species involved. During one of the warmest months of May in the last 30 y (2008), we observed an adult Northwestern Pond Turtle, Actinemys marmorata, preying upon a paedomorphic Coastal Giant Salamander, Dicamptodon tenebrosus, in the South Fork Eel River. Compiled records of temperatures when moribund, bitten, or dead D. tenebrosus were found in the sunny mainstem river highlight their vulnerability when facing thermal stress beyond their usual habitat in cool shaded tributaries.
当观察到意想不到的捕食者-猎物相互作用时，非生物条件可以揭示有关物种生态学的见解。在过去30年(2008年)最温暖的5月份之一，我们观察到一只成年西北塘龟(actiemys marmorata)在南福克鳗鱼河(South Fork Eel River)捕食一只幼年海岸大鲵(Dicamptodon tenebrosus)。在阳光充足的主干河中发现的濒死、被咬伤或死亡的腾趾龙的温度汇编记录突出了它们在面临热压力时的脆弱性，这些温度超出了它们通常的栖息地，即阴凉的支流。
{"title":"ACTINEMYS MARMORATA (NORTHWESTERN POND TURTLE) FEEDING ON DICAMPTODON TENEBROSUS (COASTAL GIANT SALAMANDER)","authors":"R. Peek, S. Kupferberg, A. Catenazzi, Philip Georgakakos, M. Power","doi":"10.1898/1051-1733-102.3.261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1898/1051-1733-102.3.261","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract When unexpected predator-prey interactions are observed, abiotic conditions can reveal insights about the ecology of the species involved. During one of the warmest months of May in the last 30 y (2008), we observed an adult Northwestern Pond Turtle, Actinemys marmorata, preying upon a paedomorphic Coastal Giant Salamander, Dicamptodon tenebrosus, in the South Fork Eel River. Compiled records of temperatures when moribund, bitten, or dead D. tenebrosus were found in the sunny mainstem river highlight their vulnerability when facing thermal stress beyond their usual habitat in cool shaded tributaries.","PeriodicalId":142406,"journal":{"name":"Northwestern Naturalist","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114833710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-26DOI: 10.1898/1051-1733-102.3.196
Jennie Jones Scherbinski, A. Piaggio, W. Bean
Abstract Range shifts in response to past climatic changes have been documented in a variety of species and have often resulted in the isolation of relict populations. Understanding how these isolated populations develop local adaptations or maintain their historic climatic niche is crucial to creating effective management plans in the face of current climate change. While Mountain Beavers (Aplodontia rufa) have endured through major climatic shifts in the past, they maintain physiological constraints that limit their distribution to cool, humid climates. Increasing temperatures since the last glacial maximum likely had a strong influence in reducing their range. The species now persists as 5 genetically distinct clades, but it is not clear to what extent climatic differences have driven genetic isolation compared to other factors like topography. We compared species-distribution models (SDMs) for the 5 clades of Mountain Beaver to understand whether this species tends towards niche conservatism or adapts to local climates. Presence points from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility were divided into clades and combined with climatic layers from BioClim to develop SDMs for each clade. Niche overlap was then compared to genetic relatedness between all pairings of clades. High temperatures were a limiting factor in distribution for all clades and, despite a low level of niche overlap at broad scales, Mountain Beavers appeared to display some level of niche conservatism. These landscape level SDMs showed that some clades do exist in a warmer climate than other Mountain Beavers; however, fine-scale models for the Point Arena subspecies suggested they persist by selecting the coolest places within that range. This suggests that niche overlap between clades may be higher than what is detected at the coarser scale. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms limiting the distribution of these subspecies.
{"title":"MIXED EVIDENCE FOR NICHE CONSERVATISM IN MOUNTAIN BEAVER (APLODONTIA RUFA) LINEAGES","authors":"Jennie Jones Scherbinski, A. Piaggio, W. Bean","doi":"10.1898/1051-1733-102.3.196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1898/1051-1733-102.3.196","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Range shifts in response to past climatic changes have been documented in a variety of species and have often resulted in the isolation of relict populations. Understanding how these isolated populations develop local adaptations or maintain their historic climatic niche is crucial to creating effective management plans in the face of current climate change. While Mountain Beavers (Aplodontia rufa) have endured through major climatic shifts in the past, they maintain physiological constraints that limit their distribution to cool, humid climates. Increasing temperatures since the last glacial maximum likely had a strong influence in reducing their range. The species now persists as 5 genetically distinct clades, but it is not clear to what extent climatic differences have driven genetic isolation compared to other factors like topography. We compared species-distribution models (SDMs) for the 5 clades of Mountain Beaver to understand whether this species tends towards niche conservatism or adapts to local climates. Presence points from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility were divided into clades and combined with climatic layers from BioClim to develop SDMs for each clade. Niche overlap was then compared to genetic relatedness between all pairings of clades. High temperatures were a limiting factor in distribution for all clades and, despite a low level of niche overlap at broad scales, Mountain Beavers appeared to display some level of niche conservatism. These landscape level SDMs showed that some clades do exist in a warmer climate than other Mountain Beavers; however, fine-scale models for the Point Arena subspecies suggested they persist by selecting the coolest places within that range. This suggests that niche overlap between clades may be higher than what is detected at the coarser scale. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms limiting the distribution of these subspecies.","PeriodicalId":142406,"journal":{"name":"Northwestern Naturalist","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131103187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-26DOI: 10.1898/1051-1733-102.3.239
Daniel M. Taylor, C. Trost
Abstract West Nile Virus (WNV) is an epizootic virus known to effectively kill Black-billed Magpies (Pica hudsonia). After WNV infection of humans appeared in the western United States, Black-billed Magpies birds per party-hours on Christmas Bird Counts (CBC) declined significantly. Trends for both CBC and Breeding Bird Surveys (BBS) shifted from positive before WNV infections of humans to negative during WNV infections, then rebounded to positive after WNV infection declined. Black-billed Magpies in Canada had no significant differences on CBC before or after WNV infections of humans. Canadian magpies had positive trends both before and after WNV infections on both CBC and BBS, but with negative trends during WNV infections. WNV invasion varied temporally across the continent, and Black-billed Magpies consistently showed significant and often dramatic declines soon after WNV invasion of a region. The southern Prairie region was severely hit, with Prairie states such as Kansas and Nebraska showing significant declines on CBC after WNV invasion, shifting from positive trends on CBC and BBS before invasion to negative trends during and after WNV invasion. WNV has potentially triggered or accelerated a retraction of Black-billed Magpie range in this region. The northern part of the Prairie region was less affected. Most southern and central Rocky Mountain, Intermountain, and Pacific region Black-billed Magpie populations showed significant negative effects from WNV infections. States in these regions with higher densities of Black-billed Magpies such as Colorado, Nevada, and Idaho showed significant dramatic declines during WNV invasion, but positive trends after WNV infections declined, a sign of recovering populations. California populations significantly declined with WNV invasion and have not recovered. Populations in northern and higher-elevation regions had little or no impact from WNV and populations were often stable or increasing.
{"title":"WEST NILE VIRUS IMPACTS ON BLACK-BILLED MAGPIE POPULATIONS","authors":"Daniel M. Taylor, C. Trost","doi":"10.1898/1051-1733-102.3.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1898/1051-1733-102.3.239","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract West Nile Virus (WNV) is an epizootic virus known to effectively kill Black-billed Magpies (Pica hudsonia). After WNV infection of humans appeared in the western United States, Black-billed Magpies birds per party-hours on Christmas Bird Counts (CBC) declined significantly. Trends for both CBC and Breeding Bird Surveys (BBS) shifted from positive before WNV infections of humans to negative during WNV infections, then rebounded to positive after WNV infection declined. Black-billed Magpies in Canada had no significant differences on CBC before or after WNV infections of humans. Canadian magpies had positive trends both before and after WNV infections on both CBC and BBS, but with negative trends during WNV infections. WNV invasion varied temporally across the continent, and Black-billed Magpies consistently showed significant and often dramatic declines soon after WNV invasion of a region. The southern Prairie region was severely hit, with Prairie states such as Kansas and Nebraska showing significant declines on CBC after WNV invasion, shifting from positive trends on CBC and BBS before invasion to negative trends during and after WNV invasion. WNV has potentially triggered or accelerated a retraction of Black-billed Magpie range in this region. The northern part of the Prairie region was less affected. Most southern and central Rocky Mountain, Intermountain, and Pacific region Black-billed Magpie populations showed significant negative effects from WNV infections. States in these regions with higher densities of Black-billed Magpies such as Colorado, Nevada, and Idaho showed significant dramatic declines during WNV invasion, but positive trends after WNV infections declined, a sign of recovering populations. California populations significantly declined with WNV invasion and have not recovered. Populations in northern and higher-elevation regions had little or no impact from WNV and populations were often stable or increasing.","PeriodicalId":142406,"journal":{"name":"Northwestern Naturalist","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126922987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-26DOI: 10.1898/1051-1733-102.3.265
Mike J Skladanowski, E. Weidner, Jamie L Bowles, M. Hebblewhite
Abstract On 10 August 2018 we investigated reports of dead Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) melting out of the snow above No Name Lake in the Three Sisters Wilderness, Oregon. We identified 15 elk partially lodged in the snow and 4 elk submerged in the lake. The elk were scattered across the slope and had suffered multiple compound fractures of the leg bones, suggestive of a traumatic incident. Soft tissues, such as eyes and tongue, were well preserved and had not been subject to scavenging or extensive decomposition
2018年8月10日，我们调查了俄勒冈州三姐妹荒野无名湖(No Name Lake)上方积雪融化的落基山麋鹿尸体。我们发现15头麋鹿部分陷在雪地里，4头麋鹿淹没在湖里。这些麋鹿散落在山坡上，腿骨上有多处复合性骨折，表明这是一次创伤性事件。软组织，如眼睛和舌头，保存得很好，没有受到腐食或广泛分解
{"title":"NINETEEN ROCKY MOUNTAIN ELK (CERVUS CANADENSIS NELSONI) KILLED IN AN AVALANCHE IN THE THREE SISTERS WILDERNESS","authors":"Mike J Skladanowski, E. Weidner, Jamie L Bowles, M. Hebblewhite","doi":"10.1898/1051-1733-102.3.265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1898/1051-1733-102.3.265","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract On 10 August 2018 we investigated reports of dead Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) melting out of the snow above No Name Lake in the Three Sisters Wilderness, Oregon. We identified 15 elk partially lodged in the snow and 4 elk submerged in the lake. The elk were scattered across the slope and had suffered multiple compound fractures of the leg bones, suggestive of a traumatic incident. Soft tissues, such as eyes and tongue, were well preserved and had not been subject to scavenging or extensive decomposition","PeriodicalId":142406,"journal":{"name":"Northwestern Naturalist","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115962206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-26DOI: 10.1898/1051-1733-102.3.254
D. C. Miles, Kelsey R Burrus, K. Shoemaker
Abstract We report photo documentation of a newly discovered fur variation on the face of American Deer Mice, Peromyscus maniculatus, in populations across northern Nevada. American Deer Mice usually have all-brown facial fur with dark-colored ears, whereas these novel records show white fur patches at the base of the ears, sometimes with bicolored ears and white fur extending behind, and more rarely with a white strip of fur down the middle of the face. Across all field sites, we captured 1685 Deer Mice; of these, 216 had some variation of the white facial fur patterns. These facial patterns are most prominent in northeastern Nevada, comprising 13 to 16% of all Deer Mice captured.
{"title":"DISTINCT WHITE FACIAL-FUR PATTERNS OF DEER MOUSE (PEROMYSCUS MANICULATUS) POPULATIONS IN NORTHERN NEVADA","authors":"D. C. Miles, Kelsey R Burrus, K. Shoemaker","doi":"10.1898/1051-1733-102.3.254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1898/1051-1733-102.3.254","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We report photo documentation of a newly discovered fur variation on the face of American Deer Mice, Peromyscus maniculatus, in populations across northern Nevada. American Deer Mice usually have all-brown facial fur with dark-colored ears, whereas these novel records show white fur patches at the base of the ears, sometimes with bicolored ears and white fur extending behind, and more rarely with a white strip of fur down the middle of the face. Across all field sites, we captured 1685 Deer Mice; of these, 216 had some variation of the white facial fur patterns. These facial patterns are most prominent in northeastern Nevada, comprising 13 to 16% of all Deer Mice captured.","PeriodicalId":142406,"journal":{"name":"Northwestern Naturalist","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116234332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-26DOI: 10.1898/1051-1733-102.3.216
M. Snively, G. Pendleton, K. Christie, K. Blejwas
Abstract In this study, we investigated how Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus), North America's northernmost bat species, adjusted to variable spring and autumn conditions and very little darkness during the boreal summer. We recorded bat activity around Anchorage and the lower Matanuska-Susitna Valley, Alaska. Initiation of bat activity in the spring varied among years and was affected by minimum nightly temperatures in late April and, to a lesser extent, precipitation. Cessation of bat activity in the autumn was consistent among years, with a weak association with early-October minimum temperature. During summer, bat activity was highest on warm, clear nights, but was reduced by wind or rain. Bat activity was positively related to open water and forest cover and negatively related to human development. Most bat activity occurred between sunset and sunrise, even during very short nights in mid-summer. Although there was some activity prior to sunset, bat activity after sunrise was very rare. Pre-sunset bat activity was almost exclusively at sites with high forest cover. After sunset, moderately forested sites were also used, but sites with little forest cover were rarely used before or after sunset.
{"title":"LITTLE BROWN MYOTIS ACTIVITY PATTERNS IN SOUTH-CENTRAL ALASKA","authors":"M. Snively, G. Pendleton, K. Christie, K. Blejwas","doi":"10.1898/1051-1733-102.3.216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1898/1051-1733-102.3.216","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study, we investigated how Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus), North America's northernmost bat species, adjusted to variable spring and autumn conditions and very little darkness during the boreal summer. We recorded bat activity around Anchorage and the lower Matanuska-Susitna Valley, Alaska. Initiation of bat activity in the spring varied among years and was affected by minimum nightly temperatures in late April and, to a lesser extent, precipitation. Cessation of bat activity in the autumn was consistent among years, with a weak association with early-October minimum temperature. During summer, bat activity was highest on warm, clear nights, but was reduced by wind or rain. Bat activity was positively related to open water and forest cover and negatively related to human development. Most bat activity occurred between sunset and sunrise, even during very short nights in mid-summer. Although there was some activity prior to sunset, bat activity after sunrise was very rare. Pre-sunset bat activity was almost exclusively at sites with high forest cover. After sunset, moderately forested sites were also used, but sites with little forest cover were rarely used before or after sunset.","PeriodicalId":142406,"journal":{"name":"Northwestern Naturalist","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128970975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-26DOI: 10.1898/1051-1733-102.3.232
Lawrence R. Davis, R. Weir
Abstract Fishers (Pekania pennanti) are a species of conservation concern in central British Columbia for which distribution and abundance information is needed to help guide conservation efforts. We conducted a DNA-based spatial capture-recapture study in the Bridge River watershed to gain a better understanding of their density in the dry forests at the southwestern edge of the species' range in the province. We established and monitored baited hair traps at 152 sites spread throughout 771.4 km2 over 4 mo in early 2012, detecting 8 individual Fishers (3 females, 5 males) at 16 different sites. We used spatially explicit capture-recapture methods to estimate the density of Fishers to be 13.1 Fishers/1000 km2 (95% CI: 6.3 to 27.4 Fishers/1000 km2) when we constrained the plausible sampling area to biogeoclimatic zones that are known to support Fishers. This study provides resource managers and trappers with a snapshot of local Fisher densities at the southern edge of the species range in British Columbia that will help estimate sustainable harvest levels and refine the estimate of the provincial population of Fishers.
{"title":"DENSITY OF FISHERS (PEKANIA PENNANTI) AT THE SOUTHWESTERN EDGE OF THE SPECIES' RANGE IN BRITISH COLUMBIA","authors":"Lawrence R. Davis, R. Weir","doi":"10.1898/1051-1733-102.3.232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1898/1051-1733-102.3.232","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fishers (Pekania pennanti) are a species of conservation concern in central British Columbia for which distribution and abundance information is needed to help guide conservation efforts. We conducted a DNA-based spatial capture-recapture study in the Bridge River watershed to gain a better understanding of their density in the dry forests at the southwestern edge of the species' range in the province. We established and monitored baited hair traps at 152 sites spread throughout 771.4 km2 over 4 mo in early 2012, detecting 8 individual Fishers (3 females, 5 males) at 16 different sites. We used spatially explicit capture-recapture methods to estimate the density of Fishers to be 13.1 Fishers/1000 km2 (95% CI: 6.3 to 27.4 Fishers/1000 km2) when we constrained the plausible sampling area to biogeoclimatic zones that are known to support Fishers. This study provides resource managers and trappers with a snapshot of local Fisher densities at the southern edge of the species range in British Columbia that will help estimate sustainable harvest levels and refine the estimate of the provincial population of Fishers.","PeriodicalId":142406,"journal":{"name":"Northwestern Naturalist","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130127728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-26DOI: 10.1898/1051-1733-102.3.258
J. Alvarez, Kyla M. Garten, David G. Cook
Abstract Reports of limb malformations in amphibians have increased in the last 20 y. In California, this includes anuran species in the families Hylidae and Ranidae. While working with Foothill Yellow-legged Frogs in Sonoma County, we observed a malformation of a hind limb in 1 individual, the source of which was undetermined. We believe this to be only the second such report of a malformation in this declining species.
{"title":"LIMB MALFORMATION IN A FOOTHILL YELLOW-LEGGED FROG (RANA BOYLII) FROM SONOMA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA","authors":"J. Alvarez, Kyla M. Garten, David G. Cook","doi":"10.1898/1051-1733-102.3.258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1898/1051-1733-102.3.258","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Reports of limb malformations in amphibians have increased in the last 20 y. In California, this includes anuran species in the families Hylidae and Ranidae. While working with Foothill Yellow-legged Frogs in Sonoma County, we observed a malformation of a hind limb in 1 individual, the source of which was undetermined. We believe this to be only the second such report of a malformation in this declining species.","PeriodicalId":142406,"journal":{"name":"Northwestern Naturalist","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128895447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：