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Prestaţia compensatorie în Codul civil român
Pub Date : 2021-07-02 DOI: 10.31178/aubd.2021.12
Flavius Antoniu Baias, Stela Stoicescu
This study aims to describe the legal regime of the compensatory payment, with reference to the legislative framework, the sources of inspiration of the regulation, as well as to the current national case-law in this matter, which confirms, by the large number of cases solved after the entry into force of the Civil Code, the social utility of this legal institution. On the basis of the case law examples provided, the authors analyze the legal nature of the compensatory allowance by distinguishing it from similar institutions – the maintenance obligation between ex-spouses or the right to compensation – the conditions to be fulfilled when granting compensatory payment, the criteria used to impose, modify or terminate the obligation, and the substantive and procedural law difficulties of these disputes.
本研究的目的是描述赔偿的法律制度,参考立法框架,条例的灵感来源,以及目前在这一问题上的国家判例法,这些判例法通过《民法典》生效后解决的大量案件证实了这一法律制度的社会效用。根据所提供的判例法实例,作者分析了补偿性津贴的法律性质,将其与类似的制度- -前配偶之间的赡养义务或获得赔偿的权利- -区分开来,在给予补偿性支付时应满足的条件,用于施加、修改或终止义务的标准,以及这些纠纷的实体法和程序法困难。
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引用次数: 0
Inadmisibilitatea anumitor inițiative legislative
Pub Date : 2021-07-02 DOI: 10.31178/aubd.2021.16
Vasile Tiple
This paper will analyze the right to association and the limits of the exercise of the legislative function in the Romanian Parliament, including the difference in legal treatment applied to the legislative initiatives of the citizens versus those of parliamentarians. Also, the subject of the inadmissibility of the legislative initiatives in the fields regulated by art. 152 of the Constitution, the need to extend the category of persons who can exercise the right to refer a matter to the Constitutional Court, as well as the obligation of the Constitutional Court to carry out ex officio constitutionality checks for initiatives aimed at de facto and de jure revision of the Constitution. The final part is dedicated to the principle of subsidiarity, as well as to the way in which certain provisions of international law frequently invoked in the field of protection of national minorities and justification of territorial autonomy, have already been transposed into the Romanian legal order.
本文将分析结社权和罗马尼亚议会行使立法职能的限制,包括适用于公民与议员立法倡议的法律待遇的差异。此外,在art规定的领域中立法倡议的不可接受性问题。根据《宪法》第152条的规定,有必要扩大可以行使向宪法法院提出问题的权利的人的类别,以及宪法法院有义务对旨在在事实上和法律上修改《宪法》的倡议进行依职权进行合宪性检查。最后一部分专门讨论辅助性原则,以及在保护少数民族和为领土自治辩护方面经常援引的国际法的某些规定如何已被纳入罗马尼亚的法律秩序。
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引用次数: 0
Reflectarea jurisprudenței Curții de Justiție a Uniunii Europene privind clauzele abuzive în materia executării silite în dreptul român, în special în ceea ce privește regimul contestației la executare
Pub Date : 2021-07-02 DOI: 10.31178/aubd.2021.14
Mirela Stancu
"Although the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union is commonly reflected in the practice of the national courts, unfortunately, more than ten years after Romania's accession to the European Union, there are still some syncopations at the legislative level. There are an example in that sense some of the provisions of the Romanian Code of Civil Procedure relating to the contestation against the forced execution (contestatia la executare). Indeed, on closer examination, it appears that these provisions do not fully comply with the requirements which, according to the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union, must be respected by national legislation in order to stop the application of unfair terms in contracts concluded by a professional with consumers. The present article aims at such an examination of the provisions of the Romanian Code of Civil Procedure regarding the contestation against the forced execution from the perspective of the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the field of unfair terms. Thus, after having identified from the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice the requirements that must be met by national legislation in order to stop the application of unfair terms in contracts concluded by a professional with consumers, the provisions of the Romanian Code of Civil Procedure relating to the contestation against the forced execution, the stay of execution and the time limit for the contestation will be examined from the perspective of the said jurisprudence. Finally, and without claiming to be exhaustive, in this article, the author also puts forward a possible interpretation of the national provisions examined from the point of view of the case law of the Court of Justice."
“虽然欧洲联盟法院的判例通常反映在国家法院的做法中,但不幸的是,在罗马尼亚加入欧洲联盟十多年后,在立法一级仍有一些不同之处。在这方面,《罗马尼亚民事诉讼法》中关于反对强迫处决的抗辩(contestatia la execuare)的一些条款就是一个例子。事实上,经过更仔细的审查,这些规定似乎并不完全符合一些要求,根据欧洲联盟法院的判例,这些要求必须得到国家立法的尊重,以便制止专业人员与消费者签订的合同适用不公平的条款。本文的目的就是从欧洲联盟法院在不公平条件方面的判例的角度,对《罗马尼亚民事诉讼法》中关于反对强迫处决的抗辩的规定进行这样的审查。因此,在从法院的判例中确定了国家立法必须满足的要求,以便制止专业人员与消费者签订的合同适用不公平的条款之后,将从上述判例的角度审查《罗马尼亚民事诉讼法》中有关反对强制执行、暂停执行和辩论时限的规定。最后,在这篇文章中,作者还从法院判例法的角度对审查的国家规定提出了一种可能的解释,但这篇文章并不声称是详尽无遗的。”
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引用次数: 0
Răspunderea participantului la un eveniment sportiv sau de pariat pentru manipularea evenimentului
Pub Date : 2021-07-02 DOI: 10.31178/aubd.2021.05
Gheorghe Reniță
A person who encourages, instructs or influences a participant in a sporting event or betting event to engage in conduct that would vitiate that event, in order to obtain goods, services, privileges or benefits in any form that are not due to him, for himself or for another person, will be criminally liable in accordance with art. 2421 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova. Instead, if the participant in a sporting or betting event will not fulfil the obligation in question and will adopt the conduct required by the subject of the crime provided in art. 2421 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova, then he can be held disciplinary / contractual liability both for non-reporting and for his behavior contrary to the principle of fair play in the event, but not to criminal liability. In this article, the author argues the need to criminalize the act of participating in a sporting / betting event to partially or completely eliminate the unpredictability of the event in which it evolves, taking into account the principle of ultima ratio.
任何人鼓励、指示或影响体育赛事或博彩赛事的参与者从事有损该赛事的行为,以便以任何形式为自己或他人获得不属于自己的商品、服务、特权或利益,将根据art承担刑事责任。《摩尔多瓦共和国刑法》第2421条。相反,如果体育或博彩活动的参与者不履行有关义务,并将采取art规定的犯罪主体所要求的行为。根据《摩尔多瓦共和国刑法》第2421条的规定,他可以因未报告和违反公平竞赛原则的行为而承担纪律/合同责任,但不承担刑事责任。在本文中,作者认为有必要将参与体育/博彩活动的行为定为刑事犯罪,以部分或完全消除其演变的事件的不可预测性,同时考虑到最后比例原则。
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引用次数: 0
Nerespectarea hotărârilor judecătorești pronunțate în materia conflictelor de muncă
Pub Date : 2021-07-02 DOI: 10.31178/aubd.2021.18
Valentin Dinu, Facultatea de Drept a Universității din București
This material analyzes two of the modalities of the crime provided by art. 287 of the Criminal Code, respectively the one of non-observance of court decisions: the one regulated at let. d) non-execution of the court decision by which it was ordered the reinstatement into work of an employee and the one regulated at let. e) non-execution of the court decision regarding the payment of salaries within 15 days as of the date of the execution request addressed to the employer by the interested party. With the entry into force of the Criminal Code, on February 1, 2014, these two crimes were taken over from the Labor Code, where they were previously regulated, a series of amendments being implemented with this occasion. The article examines these changes, but also deepens the issues that continue to arise regarding the constitutive content of these crimes, trying to propose solutions for a uniform interpretation at the level of judicial practice.
本材料分析了艺术提供的两种犯罪形式。《刑法典》第287条,分别是不遵守法院判决的一种;D)不执行法院命令雇员复职的判决,也不执行法院对雇员复职的规定。E)自利害关系方向雇主提出执行请求之日起15天内未执行法院关于支付工资的判决。随着《刑法》于2014年2月1日生效,这两项罪行从《劳动法》中被接管,此前《劳动法》对这两项罪行进行了规定,并在此场合实施了一系列修正案。本文探讨了这些变化,但也加深了关于这些罪行的构成内容继续出现的问题,试图在司法实践层面提出统一解释的解决办法。
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引用次数: 0
Tipuri de investigații sub acoperire
Pub Date : 2021-07-02 DOI: 10.31178/aubd.2021.09
Dumitru Roman, Facultatea de Drept a Universității de Stat din Moldova, Artiom Eni
In Eastern European countries, undercover investigation appears under different names such as: the use of undercover investigators; operative infiltration; carrying out a special mission within an organized group or a criminal organization, the particularities are common. The differences refer to the legal limits of the activity of the undercover investigator as well as to the forms of use of the information obtained. The undercover investigation is mainly applied to the detection of drug trafficking, arms trafficking, corruption and organized crime. So, the types of undercover investigation, resulting from the positive practice of the criminal investigation bodies, foreshadow an efficient methodology of investigating these categories of crimes.
在东欧国家,卧底调查以不同的名义出现,例如:使用卧底调查员;有效的渗透;在有组织的团体或犯罪组织中执行特殊任务,其特点是共同的。不同之处是指卧底调查人员活动的法律限制以及所获得信息的使用形式。卧底调查主要用于侦破贩毒、军火走私、贪污及有组织罪行。因此,由于刑事调查机构的积极实践,卧底调查的类型预示着调查这类犯罪的有效方法。
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引用次数: 0
Buna-credință în legislația din Quebec
Pub Date : 2021-07-02 DOI: 10.31178/aubd.2021.01
Anne Grégoire
During the Quebec-Romania bilateral days held as part of the celebrations of the 160th anniversary of the Faculty of Law of the University of Bucharest, the speakers were invited to present the state of the law in their respective jurisdictions based on the common French root. Good faith was codified in the French Civil Code in art. 1134 C.N., a codification that was not repeated until 1994 in Quebec. Despite this lack of codification, the courts, influenced by French doctrine, began to recognize the importance and the various components of the concept of good faith in contract as of the 1980s. This text explains the developments of good faith in Quebec law, as well as the limits to it.
在作为布加勒斯特大学法学院160周年庆祝活动的一部分举行的魁北克-罗马尼亚双边日期间,发言者应邀介绍了其各自管辖范围内基于法语共同词根的法律状况。诚信在法国民法典中有明文规定。加拿大法典第1134号,直到1994年才在魁北克省重复。尽管缺乏编纂,法院在法国学说的影响下,从1980年代开始认识到合同中诚信概念的重要性和各种组成部分。本文解释了诚信在魁北克法律中的发展,以及它的限制。
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引用次数: 0
Accesul lucrătorilor migranți cu statut iregular fără forme la dreptul la muncă 无正式身份移徙工人获得工作权的途径
Pub Date : 2021-07-02 DOI: 10.31178/aubd.2021.08
Nicolae Sadovei, M. Cebotari
International labor migration flows include a significant number of migrant workers who for specific reasons infringe residence rules in destination countries. These persons are considered to be the most vulnerable category of migrants, being prone to serious violations of their fundamental rights. States of destination have practically universally adopted policies to restrict and control irregular migration. In this context, the objective of this article is to establish the possibility for irregular migrant workers to benefit from the rights and results of their work, and to establish the limits and prohibitions that arise in the event of irregularity. The article examines both the international instruments and practice as well as regional and national approaches used by states in this field.
国际劳工移徙流动包括相当数量的移徙工人,他们出于特定原因违反了目的地国的居住规则。这些人被认为是最脆弱的一类移徙者,他们的基本权利容易受到严重侵犯。目的地国实际上普遍采取了限制和控制非正常移徙的政策。在这方面,本条的目标是确定非正规移徙工人从其工作的权利和成果中获益的可能性,并确定在不正常情况下产生的限制和禁止。本文审查了各国在这一领域使用的国际文书和实践以及区域和国家方法。
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引用次数: 0
Cultura - parte componentă a relațiilor internaționale ale Uniunii Europene
Pub Date : 2020-03-26 DOI: 10.31178/aubd.2019.12
Mihaela-Augustina Dumitrașcu, Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai din Cluj Facultatea de Drept
"According to the European Commission, culture and creativity are at the heart of the European project. Cultural diversity is an asset for the EU, but according to the findings of this institution, linguistic and cultural differences have the effect of fragmenting the market. At the same time, Europe's culture and creation sector contributes to economic growth, employment, innovation and social cohesion, the European creation and culture sector being more resilient than other sectors in an economic crisis, accord to the official site of the European Commission. From the point of view of competences, it should be noted that each EU country addresses cultural and audiovisual issues in its own way. EU action is complementary to national measures, bringing a new dimension, these are complementary competences. In the Commission's wording, the information gathered by the EU can be used as a support for national decisions or can provide examples of good practices from which others might inspire. With regard to the EU's cultural objectives, we have to mention the 2007 European Agenda for Culture, a very important document that promotes: cultural diversity and intercultural dialogue, culture as a catalyst for creativity and innovation and culture as a component of relations international relations of the EU. An important aspect is also the fact that as part of the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, the EU has committed itself to transforming cultural diversity into an essential element of its external action and giving Europe a more active cultural role in international relations. In this article, we will go through EU's competences regarding culture within its borders, but we will also see how this organization addresses culture as an element of its international relations. And then, we will have a brief look at how multiculturalism is currently approached within the EU, in the special and complex context of migration."
根据欧盟委员会的说法,文化和创造力是欧洲计划的核心。文化多样性是欧盟的一项资产,但根据该机构的调查结果,语言和文化差异会造成市场分裂。与此同时,根据欧盟委员会的官方网站,欧洲的文化和创作部门有助于经济增长、就业、创新和社会凝聚力,欧洲的创作和文化部门在经济危机中比其他部门更具弹性。从能力的角度来看,应该指出的是,每个欧盟国家都以自己的方式处理文化和视听问题。欧盟的行动是对国家措施的补充,带来了一个新的维度,这些是互补的能力。在委员会的措辞中,欧盟收集的信息可以用来支持国家决定,或者可以提供良好做法的例子,其他国家可以从中得到启发。关于欧盟的文化目标,我们不得不提到2007年欧洲文化议程,这是一份非常重要的文件,它促进了:文化多样性和跨文化对话,文化是创造力和创新的催化剂,文化是欧盟国际关系的组成部分。另一个重要的方面是,作为联合国教科文组织《保护和促进文化表现形式多样性公约》的一部分,欧盟已承诺将文化多样性转变为其对外行动的基本要素,并使欧洲在国际关系中发挥更积极的文化作用。在本文中,我们将讨论欧盟在其境内关于文化的能力,但我们也将看到该组织如何将文化作为其国际关系的一个元素来处理。然后,我们将简要介绍在移民这一特殊而复杂的背景下,欧盟目前是如何处理多元文化主义的。”
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引用次数: 0
Probleme de interpretare privind constituționalitatea și capacitatea juridică a subdiviziunilor administrativ-teritoriale 与行政区划的合宪性和法律行为能力有关的解释问题
Pub Date : 2020-03-26 DOI: 10.31178/aubd.2019.13
Vlad-Cristian Soare, Universitatea Babeș-Bolyai din Cluj Facultatea de Drept
"The fundamental transformations through the Romanian state passed since the Revolution of December 1989, have also put their mark on the legal system. For this reason, there have been major changes in the content of administrative law. However, the regulation of the territorial-administrative subdivisions survived the change of political regime, due to Law 2/1968. Moreover, regulations on administrative-territorial subdivisions are also found in Law 215/2001 and in the 1991 Constitution, revised in 2003. This has led to problems of interpretation. Thus, on the one hand, we need to identify who has the right to constitute administrative-territorial subdivisions, and on the other hand, it must be seen whether the answer to the first question, leads to a possible interpretation that would be unconstitutional. At the same time, administrative-territorial subdivisions have created problems of interpretation regarding their legal capacity. Through this article, we have proposed to look at the issues mentioned above."
自1989年12月革命以来,罗马尼亚国家经历了根本性的变革,这也在法律体系上留下了印记。因此,行政法的内容发生了重大变化。但是,由于第2/1968号法律,领土行政区划的规定在政治制度改变后得以保留。此外,在第215/2001号法律和2003年修订的1991年《宪法》中也有关于行政领土细分的规定。这就导致了解释的问题。因此,一方面,我们需要确定谁有权构成行政领土细分,另一方面,必须看到对第一个问题的回答是否会导致一种可能违宪的解释。与此同时,行政领土细分也造成了关于其法律行为能力的解释问题。通过这篇文章,我们建议研究上述问题。”
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引用次数: 0
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Analele Universitării din București Drept
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