Pub Date : 2018-09-25DOI: 10.15623/ijret.2018.0709002
Liu Jie .
The efficiency of centrifugal pump is not high, and one of the reasons is improper seal leakage caused by the loss of the pump. The paper adopts a sealing method based on the transverse pressure control of centrifugal pump, to improve the sealing of the pump, and analyzes the relations between transverse pressure and other parameters, and the influence of each parameter to transverse pressure. After sealing design of centrifugal pump, its mechanical seal is improved greatly, and improve the efficiency of the centrifugal pump.
{"title":"A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP SEALING METHOD BASED ON THE TRANSVERSE PRESSURE CONTROL","authors":"Liu Jie .","doi":"10.15623/ijret.2018.0709002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2018.0709002","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of centrifugal pump is not high, and one of the reasons is improper seal leakage caused by the loss of the pump. The paper adopts a sealing method based on the transverse pressure control of centrifugal pump, to improve the sealing of the pump, and analyzes the relations between transverse pressure and other parameters, and the influence of each parameter to transverse pressure. After sealing design of centrifugal pump, its mechanical seal is improved greatly, and improve the efficiency of the centrifugal pump.","PeriodicalId":14258,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76041061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-25DOI: 10.15623/ijret.2018.0709013
F. .
Based on the topography and climate characteristics of Northwest China, box structure for prefabricated substation used in the region is designed, the finite element method is developed to calculate of its strength, and the rationality of the structural design is verified. Used the finite element analysis software, optimizing the supporting column section of the box structure is also studied. The results show that the quality of the corner column is reduced by 12.9% and the quality of the side column is reduced by 13.51% under the condition of meeting the requirements of wind and snow resistance performance.
{"title":"OPTIMIZATION DESIGN OF BOX STRUCTURE FOR PREFABRICATED SUBSTATION","authors":"F. .","doi":"10.15623/ijret.2018.0709013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2018.0709013","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the topography and climate characteristics of Northwest China, box structure for prefabricated substation used in the region is designed, the finite element method is developed to calculate of its strength, and the rationality of the structural design is verified. Used the finite element analysis software, optimizing the supporting column section of the box structure is also studied. The results show that the quality of the corner column is reduced by 12.9% and the quality of the side column is reduced by 13.51% under the condition of meeting the requirements of wind and snow resistance performance.","PeriodicalId":14258,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77831946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-25DOI: 10.15623/ijret.2018.0709001
Mohammad Javed Iqbal .
There are different tower configurations like four legged angular, three legged angular and three-legged hybrid towers are popularly adopted in telecom tower constructions. Hybrid tower means the tower with main legs are pipes and other members like bracings, horizontals and redundant members are angular members. Selection of hybrid tower is mainly due to three-legged configuration and pipe sections have less drag coefficients compared to four legged angular towers which resulting less wind load on tower for structure weight optimization. Lattice towers are light weight structures and governed by wind loads due to tower body, antennas and other equipment. Current industry practice for design of telecom structures from the available general structures building loading and design standards like IS : 875 (Part 3) – 1987 for load calculations and IS 800-1984 for design of pipe sections and IS 802 (Part 1/sec 2) – 1992 for angular sections design. Recently the loading standard and design standard has been revised IS 875 (Part-3)-2015 and IS 800-2007. So, it is important to understand the effects of new standards on already designed and installed towers using old codes and understanding the provisions of revised standard in line with the international design standards like ANSI/TIA-222G. 60m high 3-Legged Hybrid self-supporting telecommunication tower with X pattern bracing has been selected forthe study. This paper explains the codal provisions for calculating wind loads [IS 875 (Part-3)-1987 &IS 875 (Part-3)-2015] and members capacities [IS 802 (Part 1/Sec 2)-1992, IS 800-1984 & IS 800-2007] using old and new Indian codes along with American Code (ANSI/TIA-222-G).Comparison statements and conclusions have been presented at the end of the paper.
{"title":"CAPACITY UTILIZATION STUDY OF 60M HIGH THREE-LEGGED HYBRID SELF-SUPPORTING TELECOMMUNICATION TOWER (INDIAN AND AMERICAN STANDARDS)","authors":"Mohammad Javed Iqbal .","doi":"10.15623/ijret.2018.0709001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2018.0709001","url":null,"abstract":"There are different tower configurations like four legged angular, three legged angular and three-legged hybrid towers are popularly adopted in telecom tower constructions. Hybrid tower means the tower with main legs are pipes and other members like bracings, horizontals and redundant members are angular members. Selection of hybrid tower is mainly due to three-legged configuration and pipe sections have less drag coefficients compared to four legged angular towers which resulting less wind load on tower for structure weight optimization. Lattice towers are light weight structures and governed by wind loads due to tower body, antennas and other equipment. Current industry practice for design of telecom structures from the available general structures building loading and design standards like IS : 875 (Part 3) – 1987 for load calculations and IS 800-1984 for design of pipe sections and IS 802 (Part 1/sec 2) – 1992 for angular sections design. Recently the loading standard and design standard has been revised IS 875 (Part-3)-2015 and IS 800-2007. So, it is important to understand the effects of new standards on already designed and installed towers using old codes and understanding the provisions of revised standard in line with the international design standards like ANSI/TIA-222G. 60m high 3-Legged Hybrid self-supporting telecommunication tower with X pattern bracing has been selected forthe study. This paper explains the codal provisions for calculating wind loads [IS 875 (Part-3)-1987 &IS 875 (Part-3)-2015] and members capacities [IS 802 (Part 1/Sec 2)-1992, IS 800-1984 & IS 800-2007] using old and new Indian codes along with American Code (ANSI/TIA-222-G).Comparison statements and conclusions have been presented at the end of the paper.","PeriodicalId":14258,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78276591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-25DOI: 10.15623/ijret.2018.0709012
T. .
Self-consolidating/compacting concrete (SCC) is used in a wide range forpurpose of construction of high raised buildings, pavements and industrial applications which may be suitable to a highrange of temperatures to support fire resistance. The meaning of standard temperatures on the properties of self-compacting concrete is necessary. This presents the reports of laboratory experimental investigations carried out in order to study on the development of High performance and high Strength Self Consolidating Concrete containing/using GGBS, fly ash, and cement as a binder and its effect on the compressive strength of concrete at standard water-cement ratio in self-compacting concrete. It is found that the compressive strength of self-compacting concrete decreases with increasing in temperature. It is compared with normal-strength self-compacting concrete to possess a larger amount of compressive strength of concrete which is exposed to high strength temperature. In the experiment, flyash was varied by 5%, 15%, 25%, and 35%. GGBS was kept constant at 20% for all mixes. Cement was proportioned as 75%, 65%, 55%, and 45% respectively. The mechanical properties of the self compacting concrete are Compressive strength, Split Tensile Strength, and Flexural properties were examined by replacing VMA with conplast 430.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH STRENGTH SELF CONSOLIDATING CONCRETE CONTAINING FLY ASH AND GGBS","authors":"T. .","doi":"10.15623/ijret.2018.0709012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2018.0709012","url":null,"abstract":"Self-consolidating/compacting concrete (SCC) is used in a wide range forpurpose of construction of high raised buildings, pavements and industrial applications which may be suitable to a highrange of temperatures to support fire resistance. The meaning of standard temperatures on the properties of self-compacting concrete is necessary. This presents the reports of laboratory experimental investigations carried out in order to study on the development of High performance and high Strength Self Consolidating Concrete containing/using GGBS, fly ash, and cement as a binder and its effect on the compressive strength of concrete at standard water-cement ratio in self-compacting concrete. It is found that the compressive strength of self-compacting concrete decreases with increasing in temperature. It is compared with normal-strength self-compacting concrete to possess a larger amount of compressive strength of concrete which is exposed to high strength temperature. In the experiment, flyash was varied by 5%, 15%, 25%, and 35%. GGBS was kept constant at 20% for all mixes. Cement was proportioned as 75%, 65%, 55%, and 45% respectively. The mechanical properties of the self compacting concrete are Compressive strength, Split Tensile Strength, and Flexural properties were examined by replacing VMA with conplast 430.","PeriodicalId":14258,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83536704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-25DOI: 10.15623/ijret.2018.0709020
Rishab Chopra
Cognitive mapping might be considered as an essential element of pre design/ post design phase for public spaces. Cognitive maps can be defined as a category of mental representation and concepts that are built to visualize and obtain information. The reason why people use cognitive mapping is to create an opportunity to represent their experiences about their environment. Public spaces provide a space in which people can come in contact with the social world outside and experience the opportunity of being with, seeing and hearing others which instills stimulation. This paper aims towards the role of cognitive mapping in spaces for public use. Besides, the relevance and impact of Cognitive Mapping in Public spaces is also discussed. The five principles of Kevin Lynch i.e. paths, nodes, districts, edges and landmarks are considered for understanding the impact of cognitive mapping in spaces for public use. Thereafter, the Influence of Cognitive Mapping in determining success / failure of a Public Spaces is also looked upon. Next, two cases of Mexico City and Melbourne, involving cognitive mapping in places for public use is mentioned to understand the practical implications of the topic. Lastly, observations from primary survey/exercise for understanding cognitive mapping in spaces for public use undertaken by the authors have been mentioned. These primary studies had been done in Jodhpur, Chandigarh and Visakhapatnam. The inferences and facts from the paper might be used by architects and planners to understand the considerations to be taken before starting to visualize a successful public place.
{"title":"COGNITIVE MAPPING IN SPACES FOR PUBLIC USE","authors":"Rishab Chopra","doi":"10.15623/ijret.2018.0709020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2018.0709020","url":null,"abstract":"Cognitive mapping might be considered as an essential element of pre design/ post design phase for public spaces. Cognitive maps can be defined as a category of mental representation and concepts that are built to visualize and obtain information. The reason why people use cognitive mapping is to create an opportunity to represent their experiences about their environment. Public spaces provide a space in which people can come in contact with the social world outside and experience the opportunity of being with, seeing and hearing others which instills stimulation. This paper aims towards the role of cognitive mapping in spaces for public use. Besides, the relevance and impact of Cognitive Mapping in Public spaces is also discussed. The five principles of Kevin Lynch i.e. paths, nodes, districts, edges and landmarks are considered for understanding the impact of cognitive mapping in spaces for public use. Thereafter, the Influence of Cognitive Mapping in determining success / failure of a Public Spaces is also looked upon. Next, two cases of Mexico City and Melbourne, involving cognitive mapping in places for public use is mentioned to understand the practical implications of the topic. Lastly, observations from primary survey/exercise for understanding cognitive mapping in spaces for public use undertaken by the authors have been mentioned. These primary studies had been done in Jodhpur, Chandigarh and Visakhapatnam. The inferences and facts from the paper might be used by architects and planners to understand the considerations to be taken before starting to visualize a successful public place.","PeriodicalId":14258,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89307976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-25DOI: 10.15623/ijret.2018.0709015
F. .
Prefabricated substation are highly susceptible to external environmental and mechanical factors due to long-term exposure to the outdoors. On account of the large structure, the prefabricated substation box is difficult to conduct on-site tests and indoor test analysis. In this paper, according to the topography and climatic characteristics of north western China where prefabricated substation box is used in, finite element analysis method is developed to analyze its performance under wind and snow loads in this region, wind and snow resistance performance of prefabricated substation box is studied, which provides a new idea for the design of prefabricated substation box in the special environment and has important practical application value and research significance.
{"title":"PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF PREFABRICATED SUBSTATION BOX IN WIND AND SNOW ENVIRONMENT AND HIGH ALTITUDE","authors":"F. .","doi":"10.15623/ijret.2018.0709015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2018.0709015","url":null,"abstract":"Prefabricated substation are highly susceptible to external environmental and mechanical factors due to long-term exposure to the outdoors. On account of the large structure, the prefabricated substation box is difficult to conduct on-site tests and indoor test analysis. In this paper, according to the topography and climatic characteristics of north western China where prefabricated substation box is used in, finite element analysis method is developed to analyze its performance under wind and snow loads in this region, wind and snow resistance performance of prefabricated substation box is studied, which provides a new idea for the design of prefabricated substation box in the special environment and has important practical application value and research significance.","PeriodicalId":14258,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology","volume":"45 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91503693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-25DOI: 10.15623/ijret.2018.0709022
V. .
Conventional air conditioners work based on vapor compression cycle. They draw a lot of power for their operation. This paper emphasizes a new technique which is to precool the air that enters into a conventional air conditioner using eco-friendly evaporative cooling effect. Conventional air conditioners are generally designed to recirculate 60% of indoor air and mix it with 40% of atmospheric air before passing the mixture over the evaporator coil. The process is here is to precool the atmospheric air that mixes with the recirculated air using a heat exchanger coupled with an evaporative cooler. By precooling the atmospheric air at the air intake the power consumed by the air conditioner can be reduced significantly. This will increase the overall Coefficient of Performance of the air conditioning system. Thus power to run air conditioners is saved with the effective cooling in an eco-friendly manner. cooling, Precool, Eco-Friendly, Recirculated air, Increased Coefficient of Performance.
{"title":"SYSTEM TO REDUCE POWER CONSUMPTION OF AIR CONDITIONERS IN VEHICLES AND DOMESTIC USES","authors":"V. .","doi":"10.15623/ijret.2018.0709022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2018.0709022","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional air conditioners work based on vapor compression cycle. They draw a lot of power for their operation. This paper emphasizes a new technique which is to precool the air that enters into a conventional air conditioner using eco-friendly evaporative cooling effect. Conventional air conditioners are generally designed to recirculate 60% of indoor air and mix it with 40% of atmospheric air before passing the mixture over the evaporator coil. The process is here is to precool the atmospheric air that mixes with the recirculated air using a heat exchanger coupled with an evaporative cooler. By precooling the atmospheric air at the air intake the power consumed by the air conditioner can be reduced significantly. This will increase the overall Coefficient of Performance of the air conditioning system. Thus power to run air conditioners is saved with the effective cooling in an eco-friendly manner. cooling, Precool, Eco-Friendly, Recirculated air, Increased Coefficient of Performance.","PeriodicalId":14258,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84886419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-25DOI: 10.15623/ijret.2018.0709004
S. .
CoFe 2 O 4 was prepared by sol-gel combustion method. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) studies confirmed the spinel structure for CoFe 2 O 4 . UV-Vis absorbance spectrum and the following Kubelka-Munk plot show the band gap of CoFe 2 O 4 to be 2.73eV. FTIR studies shows the existence of Co-O and Fe-O stretching vibrations. Raman spectroscopy gives the information pertaining to tetrahedral and octahedral sites. The activity of the catalyst was explored for the degradation of methyl orange in presence of peroxymonosulphate (PMS) as an oxidant which is dipolar, possessing unsymmetrical structure and higher oxidation potential and shows better oxidising reactions due to charge transfer to solvent molecule (CTTS) and PMS forms a charge transfer complex with CoFe 2 O 4 . The active roles of the hydroxyl and sulphate free radicals are confirmed. CoFe 2 O 4 catalyst shows synergistic effect between photocatalysis and photo- Fenton process especially even at higher pH values and the catalyst is found to be stable and can be reused for three consecutive cycles.
{"title":"SYNTHESIS AND THE STUDY OF PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF COBALT FERRITE (COFE2O4) NANOPARTICLES: SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF PHOTOCATALYSIS AND PHOTO-FENTON PROCESS","authors":"S. .","doi":"10.15623/ijret.2018.0709004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2018.0709004","url":null,"abstract":"CoFe 2 O 4 was prepared by sol-gel combustion method. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) studies confirmed the spinel structure for CoFe 2 O 4 . UV-Vis absorbance spectrum and the following Kubelka-Munk plot show the band gap of CoFe 2 O 4 to be 2.73eV. FTIR studies shows the existence of Co-O and Fe-O stretching vibrations. Raman spectroscopy gives the information pertaining to tetrahedral and octahedral sites. The activity of the catalyst was explored for the degradation of methyl orange in presence of peroxymonosulphate (PMS) as an oxidant which is dipolar, possessing unsymmetrical structure and higher oxidation potential and shows better oxidising reactions due to charge transfer to solvent molecule (CTTS) and PMS forms a charge transfer complex with CoFe 2 O 4 . The active roles of the hydroxyl and sulphate free radicals are confirmed. CoFe 2 O 4 catalyst shows synergistic effect between photocatalysis and photo- Fenton process especially even at higher pH values and the catalyst is found to be stable and can be reused for three consecutive cycles.","PeriodicalId":14258,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77570094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-25DOI: 10.15623/ijret.2018.0709007
R. .
Solid propellants are mainly used in rocket propulsion applications. The performance of a rocket is directly affected by the design of the solid propellant used. The presence of impurities in the propellant formulation can reduce the average thrust, specific impulse and characteristic velocity of a rocket. Oxidizers are the main compounds in propellants formulation, which produce the high energy on combustion. One the most commonly used oxidizers in amateur rocketry is potassium nitrate. KNO3 is normally used because of its good characteristics that include compatibility with others ingredients and availability at low cost in fertilizer formulation. The main objective of this work is to propose a methodology to obtain higher purity potassium nitrate from a fertilizer, an available and inexpensive source that can be used as oxidizer in a solid rocket propellant formulation. The KNO3 crystals were obtained by recrystallization process using a commercial fertilizer. The properties of purified fertilizer were compared with the properties of KNO3analytical. The fertilizer, purified and analytical grade KNO3 samples were evaluated by means of morphology, pH of saturated solution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results demonstrated that recrystallization process effectively remove impurities from the fertilizer. The purified KNO3 crystals were optically transparent with a planar shape, similar to higher purity KNO3. The FTIR and DSC results showed that some impurities, such as, sulfur and alkaline compounds were removed after recrystallization and the purified KNO3 presented a similar behavior than higher purity KNO3. The recrystallization process used in this work can successfully used to obtain KNO3crystals with high purity that can be used as oxidizer in solid propellants for rockets.
{"title":"SOLID PROPELLANTS FOR ROCKETS: A METHODOLOGY TO OBTAIN HIGH PURITY KNO3 FROM AN INEXPENSIVE SOURCE","authors":"R. .","doi":"10.15623/ijret.2018.0709007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2018.0709007","url":null,"abstract":"Solid propellants are mainly used in rocket propulsion applications. The performance of a rocket is directly affected by the design of the solid propellant used. The presence of impurities in the propellant formulation can reduce the average thrust, specific impulse and characteristic velocity of a rocket. Oxidizers are the main compounds in propellants formulation, which produce the high energy on combustion. One the most commonly used oxidizers in amateur rocketry is potassium nitrate. KNO3 is normally used because of its good characteristics that include compatibility with others ingredients and availability at low cost in fertilizer formulation. The main objective of this work is to propose a methodology to obtain higher purity potassium nitrate from a fertilizer, an available and inexpensive source that can be used as oxidizer in a solid rocket propellant formulation. The KNO3 crystals were obtained by recrystallization process using a commercial fertilizer. The properties of purified fertilizer were compared with the properties of KNO3analytical. The fertilizer, purified and analytical grade KNO3 samples were evaluated by means of morphology, pH of saturated solution, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results demonstrated that recrystallization process effectively remove impurities from the fertilizer. The purified KNO3 crystals were optically transparent with a planar shape, similar to higher purity KNO3. The FTIR and DSC results showed that some impurities, such as, sulfur and alkaline compounds were removed after recrystallization and the purified KNO3 presented a similar behavior than higher purity KNO3. The recrystallization process used in this work can successfully used to obtain KNO3crystals with high purity that can be used as oxidizer in solid propellants for rockets.","PeriodicalId":14258,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85914608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-25DOI: 10.15623/ijret.2018.0709010
Yan Hao LI .
{"title":"FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE FLOW PATH OF FOOD 3D PRINTING NOZZLE","authors":"Yan Hao LI .","doi":"10.15623/ijret.2018.0709010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2018.0709010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14258,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88147408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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