Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.52891/jmea.2022.21.3.207
Saera Kwak, Se-Eun Lee, Da-yeon Chu
The postposition rā, which is traditionally considered a direct object case assigner and a marker for definiteness or specificity in Persian, is a difficult grammatical element for learners because of its semantic and pragmatic characteristics. However, the way to teach this element has not been studied thoroughly. In this paper, we critically review previous linguistic analysis and textbooks on this element in order to see whether the analysis is useful for the learners. In addition, based on the pattern of errors in the use of rā by Korean learners of Persian, this paper is finds that the learning materials should provide concrete and explicit explanations of the element. Accordingly, the phrase or structures in which rā is used are classified and presented in detail, taking Iranian film scripts as a corpus since those scripts can provide various semantic and pragmatic contexts of rā.
{"title":"A Study on the Usage of ‘rā’ and Its Education through the Analysis on Iranian Film Scripts","authors":"Saera Kwak, Se-Eun Lee, Da-yeon Chu","doi":"10.52891/jmea.2022.21.3.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52891/jmea.2022.21.3.207","url":null,"abstract":"The postposition rā, which is traditionally considered a direct object case assigner and a marker for definiteness or specificity in Persian, is a difficult grammatical element for learners because of its semantic and pragmatic characteristics. However, the way to teach this element has not been studied thoroughly. In this paper, we critically review previous linguistic analysis and textbooks on this element in order to see whether the analysis is useful for the learners. In addition, based on the pattern of errors in the use of rā by Korean learners of Persian, this paper is finds that the learning materials should provide concrete and explicit explanations of the element. Accordingly, the phrase or structures in which rā is used are classified and presented in detail, taking Iranian film scripts as a corpus since those scripts can provide various semantic and pragmatic contexts of rā.","PeriodicalId":142615,"journal":{"name":"The Institute of Middle Eastern Affairs","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133665096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.52891/jmea.2022.21.3.151
Jae-wook Jung
The Abraham Accords agreed between the UAE and Israel in 2020 have rapidly developed economic cooperation between the two countries. Despite the economic complementarity between the UAE and Israel in terms of technology and capital resources, they have been seeking trilateral cooperation with third countries due to their small markets and lack of manufacturing capabilities. Korea is an important candidate for their trilateral economic cooperation as it has competitive experience in commercializing cutting-edge technology and strong manufacturing competence. This paper explores potential areas for trilateral economic cooperation to maximize economic complementarity among Korea, the UAE, and Israel. Specifically, the Product Space analysis with BACI trade data suggests potential areas of cooperation for each scenario to increase economic complexity and exports or to decrease import dependency based on each country’s comparative advantage and import demand structure.
{"title":"Product Space Analysis of the Potential Area for Korea-UAE-Israel Trilateral Economic Cooperation","authors":"Jae-wook Jung","doi":"10.52891/jmea.2022.21.3.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52891/jmea.2022.21.3.151","url":null,"abstract":"The Abraham Accords agreed between the UAE and Israel in 2020 have rapidly developed economic cooperation between the two countries. Despite the economic complementarity between the UAE and Israel in terms of technology and capital resources, they have been seeking trilateral cooperation with third countries due to their small markets and lack of manufacturing capabilities. Korea is an important candidate for their trilateral economic cooperation as it has competitive experience in commercializing cutting-edge technology and strong manufacturing competence. This paper explores potential areas for trilateral economic cooperation to maximize economic complementarity among Korea, the UAE, and Israel. Specifically, the Product Space analysis with BACI trade data suggests potential areas of cooperation for each scenario to increase economic complexity and exports or to decrease import dependency based on each country’s comparative advantage and import demand structure.","PeriodicalId":142615,"journal":{"name":"The Institute of Middle Eastern Affairs","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129296364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.52891/jmea.2022.21.3.129
H. Yoo, S. Shin
As part of the global response to climate change, most countries are moving towards carbon neutrality beyond reducing carbon emissions. In this process, Middle Eastern countries seem to be passive. However, Saudi Arabia and Türkiye are implementing carbon reduction policies actively and trying to link their effort with energy transition and national competitiveness. This study focuses on Saudi Arabia and Türkiye and explains where those two countries are situated regarding carbon emissions and how strongly the reduction targets have been set. Also, it shows the target years the two countries announced for achieving net zero and their specific efforts. The net-zero strategies of the two countries are meaningful in that they suggest a way to reduce carbon emissions, energy transitions, and net-zero for similar countries in the Middle East.
{"title":"Net-zero Strategies of Saudi Arabia and Türkiye: Analysis and Comparison","authors":"H. Yoo, S. Shin","doi":"10.52891/jmea.2022.21.3.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52891/jmea.2022.21.3.129","url":null,"abstract":"As part of the global response to climate change, most countries are moving towards carbon neutrality beyond reducing carbon emissions. In this process, Middle Eastern countries seem to be passive. However, Saudi Arabia and Türkiye are implementing carbon reduction policies actively and trying to link their effort with energy transition and national competitiveness. This study focuses on Saudi Arabia and Türkiye and explains where those two countries are situated regarding carbon emissions and how strongly the reduction targets have been set. Also, it shows the target years the two countries announced for achieving net zero and their specific efforts. The net-zero strategies of the two countries are meaningful in that they suggest a way to reduce carbon emissions, energy transitions, and net-zero for similar countries in the Middle East.","PeriodicalId":142615,"journal":{"name":"The Institute of Middle Eastern Affairs","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123529110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.52891/jmea.2022.21.3.177
Su-Gyeom Kim
This study aims at ascertaining an exact definition of Mawat land and Ihya along with the general regulations associated with them. There are four conditions for Mawat land. Of them, its unavailable state and the absence of its owner are necessarily required. Also, ownership of Mawat land entails Ihya, which means to revive the land for its own use. Ihya is able to be completed by diversified methods but must be carried out through reclamation in case of Mawat land granted by a ruler. The regulations on Mawat land, which had been established by Prophet Muhammad, have become a practice in the Islamic world, and were clarified during the Rashidun Caliphate Era. Many historical cases having to do with granting lands pursuant to the rules of Mawat land have been discovered. In addition, Ihya has brought about the increase in the agricultural productivity of some cities which had been newly established by Arabs in the early Islamic period.
{"title":"A Study on the Regulations and Application of IslamicLaw on Mawat Land between the 7th and Early 8th Centuries","authors":"Su-Gyeom Kim","doi":"10.52891/jmea.2022.21.3.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52891/jmea.2022.21.3.177","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims at ascertaining an exact definition of Mawat land and Ihya along with the general regulations associated with them. There are four conditions for Mawat land. Of them, its unavailable state and the absence of its owner are necessarily required. Also, ownership of Mawat land entails Ihya, which means to revive the land for its own use. Ihya is able to be completed by diversified methods but must be carried out through reclamation in case of Mawat land granted by a ruler. The regulations on Mawat land, which had been established by Prophet Muhammad, have become a practice in the Islamic world, and were clarified during the Rashidun Caliphate Era. Many historical cases having to do with granting lands pursuant to the rules of Mawat land have been discovered. In addition, Ihya has brought about the increase in the agricultural productivity of some cities which had been newly established by Arabs in the early Islamic period.","PeriodicalId":142615,"journal":{"name":"The Institute of Middle Eastern Affairs","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134203077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.52891/jmea.2022.21.3.65
Seong Soo Lee
This study aims to examine the JCPOA(Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action) and America's reversibility to JCPOA in the future. Its purposes are as follows: Firstly, to examine the character of JCPOA from a perspective of ‘solutions to international conflict’ based on constructivism theory. Secondly, to analyze the key components of nuclear problems between Iran and America from a constructive perspective. Thirdly, to lay the foundations to analyze US policy toward the Middle East by recognizing how they proceeded with nuclear negotiations with Iran. The JCPOA was seen as one of the Obama administration's main achievements, but it was decimated when President Donald Trump unilaterally withdrew in 2018. However, since Biden's election as president, he has been making steady efforts to revive the process. This study aims to examine how to solve the conflict between these two parties.
{"title":"A Study on a Possibility of Change in the Biden Administration's Policy on JCPOA: A Constructive Perspective on Iranian Nuclear Issues","authors":"Seong Soo Lee","doi":"10.52891/jmea.2022.21.3.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52891/jmea.2022.21.3.65","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to examine the JCPOA(Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action) and America's reversibility to JCPOA in the future. Its purposes are as follows: Firstly, to examine the character of JCPOA from a perspective of ‘solutions to international conflict’ based on constructivism theory. Secondly, to analyze the key components of nuclear problems between Iran and America from a constructive perspective. Thirdly, to lay the foundations to analyze US policy toward the Middle East by recognizing how they proceeded with nuclear negotiations with Iran. The JCPOA was seen as one of the Obama administration's main achievements, but it was decimated when President Donald Trump unilaterally withdrew in 2018. However, since Biden's election as president, he has been making steady efforts to revive the process. This study aims to examine how to solve the conflict between these two parties.","PeriodicalId":142615,"journal":{"name":"The Institute of Middle Eastern Affairs","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129970645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.52891/jmea.2022.21.3.29
So-Yeon Ahn
Initially igniting the Arab Spring, Tunisia is the sole participating country that managed to transition toward democracy. However, during the period of political transition since then, the economic crisis has increased. Under the mounting political grievance of Tunisian citizens, populism has risen, which usually emerges when democracy is in crisis. The Tunisian citizens elected current president Kais Saied as an alternative to established politics. However, as the president attempts to decrease the power of political parties, the future of democracy in Tunisia has become more fragile. This study examines the process of transitioning politically to democracy in Tunisia over the past 11 years and explores the current crisis through the lens of populism and democracy. The result confirms that Tunisian citizens’ political grievance stems from the economic crisis and not the transition to democracy. With this reasoning, if the current president cannot address citizens’ political frustration, conditions might enable a second Jasmine Revolution in Tunisia.
{"title":"The Rise of Populism and Crisis of Democracy: The Case of Tunisia","authors":"So-Yeon Ahn","doi":"10.52891/jmea.2022.21.3.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52891/jmea.2022.21.3.29","url":null,"abstract":"Initially igniting the Arab Spring, Tunisia is the sole participating country that managed to transition toward democracy. However, during the period of political transition since then, the economic crisis has increased. Under the mounting political grievance of Tunisian citizens, populism has risen, which usually emerges when democracy is in crisis. The Tunisian citizens elected current president Kais Saied as an alternative to established politics. However, as the president attempts to decrease the power of political parties, the future of democracy in Tunisia has become more fragile. This study examines the process of transitioning politically to democracy in Tunisia over the past 11 years and explores the current crisis through the lens of populism and democracy. The result confirms that Tunisian citizens’ political grievance stems from the economic crisis and not the transition to democracy. With this reasoning, if the current president cannot address citizens’ political frustration, conditions might enable a second Jasmine Revolution in Tunisia.","PeriodicalId":142615,"journal":{"name":"The Institute of Middle Eastern Affairs","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126095417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.52891/jmea.2022.21.3.263
H. Baek
This study began with the premise of recognizing the importance of narrative analysis that focuses on analyzing and critiquing a work of literature based not on its content, but rather on how its content is delivered. Therefore, this study first elaborates upon the concept of the narrative being its own independent research topic in the field of literature, as well as the serial processes and principles by which it can become its own standard in analyzing works of literature, and at the same time, examines in detail what the formative elements of a narrative are. In addition, this research identifies how, after defeat in the Third Arab-Israeli War in 1967, narrative discourse in modern Arab literature changed and developed in a form different from previous discourse; the research further analyzes the cause of these changes from internal and external perspectives. Furthermore, the researcher uses Egyptian author Naguib Mahfouz’s short story Under the Canopy as an example to discuss the main characteristics of narrative discourse in Arab literature as newly formed after the War of 1967, and to analyze the hidden messages within this narrative technique.
{"title":"Research on the Changes to Narrative Discourse in Modern Arab Literature Post-Defeat in the War of 1967: Focusing on Naguib Mahfouz’s Novel, Under the Canopy","authors":"H. Baek","doi":"10.52891/jmea.2022.21.3.263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52891/jmea.2022.21.3.263","url":null,"abstract":"This study began with the premise of recognizing the importance of narrative analysis that focuses on analyzing and critiquing a work of literature based not on its content, but rather on how its content is delivered. Therefore, this study first elaborates upon the concept of the narrative being its own independent research topic in the field of literature, as well as the serial processes and principles by which it can become its own standard in analyzing works of literature, and at the same time, examines in detail what the formative elements of a narrative are. In addition, this research identifies how, after defeat in the Third Arab-Israeli War in 1967, narrative discourse in modern Arab literature changed and developed in a form different from previous discourse; the research further analyzes the cause of these changes from internal and external perspectives. Furthermore, the researcher uses Egyptian author Naguib Mahfouz’s short story Under the Canopy as an example to discuss the main characteristics of narrative discourse in Arab literature as newly formed after the War of 1967, and to analyze the hidden messages within this narrative technique.","PeriodicalId":142615,"journal":{"name":"The Institute of Middle Eastern Affairs","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127784148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.359
Hee-jung Yang
The demand for medical interpreters surged as the number of Middle Eastern patients who visited Korea, led by the UAE, rapidly increased in the decade before the COVID-19 pandemic began. Medical interpreting courses and lectures have taken place at universities and graduate schools since 2009, starting with a government agency. The purpose of this study is to analyze the curriculum as there is a lack of research on the effectiveness of medical interpreting education and to find ways to develop medical interpreting education by surveying satisfaction and points to be supplemented. A survey was conducted through Google Forms on medical interpreting education for three groups of medical interpreters and coordinators, medical staff, patients and guardians. Meaningful results were obtained although there were great difficulties in severe circumstances. The results indicate that the reorganization of the curriculum improved some aspects of the education, yet there is still improvement needed regarding task specific education, training completion, and verifying successful examination results.
{"title":"A Study on Effectiveness of the Arabic-Korea/Korean-Arabic Medical Interpretation Curriculum and the Development Plan","authors":"Hee-jung Yang","doi":"10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.359","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for medical interpreters surged as the number of Middle Eastern patients who visited Korea, led by the UAE, rapidly increased in the decade before the COVID-19 pandemic began. Medical interpreting courses and lectures have taken place at universities and graduate schools since 2009, starting with a government agency. The purpose of this study is to analyze the curriculum as there is a lack of research on the effectiveness of medical interpreting education and to find ways to develop medical interpreting education by surveying satisfaction and points to be supplemented. A survey was conducted through Google Forms on medical interpreting education for three groups of medical interpreters and coordinators, medical staff, patients and guardians. Meaningful results were obtained although there were great difficulties in severe circumstances. The results indicate that the reorganization of the curriculum improved some aspects of the education, yet there is still improvement needed regarding task specific education, training completion, and verifying successful examination results.","PeriodicalId":142615,"journal":{"name":"The Institute of Middle Eastern Affairs","volume":"614 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123949524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.265
S. Kim
This study analyzes the records related to Buddhism in Ibn al-Nadīm's al-Fihrist and examines how Muslims in the 10th century perceived Buddhism. Al-Fihrist is a list of Arabic literature, consisting of a total of ten chapters(maqāla) and Ibn al-Nadīm recorded what he had seen and heard about Buddhism in Chapter nine. He described the character of Buddhists positively. However, he used the two terms for Buddha and Bodhisattva without distinction. He also introduced several claims about the Buddha's religious status, but did not clearly state his position on the Buddha from the Islamic perspective. Although his record mentions existence of many Buddhas, it lacks doctrinal explanation on the concept of multiple Buddhas. Also, Buddhists’ customs and statues of Buddha are described in relatively detail, but there are some parts that are confused with Hindu culture. Therefore, it seems that Muslims at that time showed some interest in external aspects of Buddhism such as Buddhist character, customs, and statues, but lacked a doctrinal understanding of Buddhism.
本研究分析了伊本·纳德īm的《伊斯兰教史》中有关佛教的记载，并考察了10世纪的穆斯林是如何看待佛教的。al- fihist是一份阿拉伯文学清单，共十章(maqāla)， Ibn al-Nadīm在第九章记录了他对佛教的所见所闻。他积极地描述了佛教徒的品格。但是，他对“佛”和“菩萨”这两个词却没有区别。他还介绍了一些关于佛陀的宗教地位的说法，但没有从伊斯兰教的角度清楚地说明他对佛陀的立场。他的记载虽然提到多佛的存在，但缺乏对多佛概念的理论解释。此外，佛教的习俗和佛像的描述相对详细，但有一些部分与印度文化相混淆。因此，当时的穆斯林似乎对佛教的外在方面表现出一些兴趣，比如佛教的性格、习俗和造像，但对佛教缺乏教义上的理解。
{"title":"Buddhism in al-Fihrist of Ibn al-Nadīm","authors":"S. Kim","doi":"10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.265","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzes the records related to Buddhism in Ibn al-Nadīm's al-Fihrist and examines how Muslims in the 10th century perceived Buddhism. \u0000Al-Fihrist is a list of Arabic literature, consisting of a total of ten chapters(maqāla) and Ibn al-Nadīm recorded what he had seen and heard about Buddhism in Chapter nine. He described the character of Buddhists positively. However, he used the two terms for Buddha and Bodhisattva without distinction. He also introduced several claims about the Buddha's religious status, but did not clearly state his position on the Buddha from the Islamic perspective. Although his record mentions existence of many Buddhas, it lacks doctrinal explanation on the concept of multiple Buddhas. Also, Buddhists’ customs and statues of Buddha are described in relatively detail, but there are some parts that are confused with Hindu culture. Therefore, it seems that Muslims at that time showed some interest in external aspects of Buddhism such as Buddhist character, customs, and statues, but lacked a doctrinal understanding of Buddhism.","PeriodicalId":142615,"journal":{"name":"The Institute of Middle Eastern Affairs","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131368617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.171
Aigi Kim
In this paper, we compare the life of a private slave and that of a public slave (temple slave) in Babylonia from the 7th century to the 5th century. During this period, many common reasons led to people’s private and public enslavement. These reasons included debt, famine, being a prisoner of war, and descending from slavery. Private and public slaves were subjected to various economic activities determined by their owners and the institution(temple). However, the way of life and the rules that applied to these two types of slaves were quite different. The life of a private slave could change quickly and often according to their owner's will, while the temple laws or rules regulated the life of a temple slave. Even though temple slaves had to follow the temple’s rules, slaves preferred to be temple slaves rather than privately owned. Temple slaves could not be sold, which allowed them to live with their families during their lifetime. Temple slaves’ lives were also determined by rules, not by an owner’s unpredictable emotions.
{"title":"Comparative Studies about the Life of a Private Slave and that of a Public Slave in Babylonia from the 7th to the 5th Centuries BCE","authors":"Aigi Kim","doi":"10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.171","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we compare the life of a private slave and that of a public slave (temple slave) in Babylonia from the 7th century to the 5th century. During this period, many common reasons led to people’s private and public enslavement. These reasons included debt, famine, being a prisoner of war, and descending from slavery. Private and public slaves were subjected to various economic activities determined by their owners and the institution(temple). However, the way of life and the rules that applied to these two types of slaves were quite different. The life of a private slave could change quickly and often according to their owner's will, while the temple laws or rules regulated the life of a temple slave. Even though temple slaves had to follow the temple’s rules, slaves preferred to be temple slaves rather than privately owned. Temple slaves could not be sold, which allowed them to live with their families during their lifetime. Temple slaves’ lives were also determined by rules, not by an owner’s unpredictable emotions.","PeriodicalId":142615,"journal":{"name":"The Institute of Middle Eastern Affairs","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133911157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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