Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.325
G. Koo
Since the beginning of satellite broadcasting in 1991, there are around 100 foreign satellite channel programs currently being broadcasted in Iran. Satellite channels in Persian from outside of Iran are create alternative discourses. Moreover Satellite Media became ‘Heterotopic Space’ of resistance and competing identites. In this process, a rupture is formed between the top-down national identity fed through the Islam republic and the identity built through the discourses formed through alternative media. The Iranian nationals come in contact with global issues and discourses through global channels, therefore the Iranian government emphasizes the ‘soft war’ and warned the negative effects. This study will examine the processes in which the satellite media become the eyes and ears of the citizens who long for change in Iran when anti-governmental social movement is under way, and in which the Iranian people become aware of the ‘power of solidarity’ through the satellite programs.
{"title":"Iran’s Satellite Media as a Heterotopic Space of Resistance and Competing Identities","authors":"G. Koo","doi":"10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.325","url":null,"abstract":"Since the beginning of satellite broadcasting in 1991, there are around 100 foreign satellite channel programs currently being broadcasted in Iran. Satellite channels in Persian from outside of Iran are create alternative discourses. Moreover Satellite Media became ‘Heterotopic Space’ of resistance and competing identites. In this process, a rupture is formed between the top-down national identity fed through the Islam republic and the identity built through the discourses formed through alternative media. The Iranian nationals come in contact with global issues and discourses through global channels, therefore the Iranian government emphasizes the ‘soft war’ and warned the negative effects. This study will examine the processes in which the satellite media become the eyes and ears of the citizens who long for change in Iran when anti-governmental social movement is under way, and in which the Iranian people become aware of the ‘power of solidarity’ through the satellite programs.","PeriodicalId":142615,"journal":{"name":"The Institute of Middle Eastern Affairs","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127669388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.33
Doe-Hyung Kim
This study analyzes how continuous conflicts between Israel and Iran which are known as two hegemonies in the region, affect converting Lebanon’s status from a buffer to a death. Since 1990, when Iran’s Influence began to expand after the Iraq and Iran War, the conflicts between Israel and Iran have continued until these days. In these conflicts, Lebanon has been a location of a proxy war between Israel and Iran and lost its buffer’s neutrality and roles. On the other hand, Lebanon is close to losing its right of control amid hegemonic conflicts. Thus, Lebanon has been converted into a death state which cannot make independent decisions. Accordingly, this study claims that the continuous conflicts between two hegemonies have a massive effect on a country’s status.
{"title":"The Continuous Conflicts between Regional Hegemonic Competition and Buffer State to Death State: Analysis of the Lebanon Case","authors":"Doe-Hyung Kim","doi":"10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.33","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzes how continuous conflicts between Israel and Iran which are known as two hegemonies in the region, affect converting Lebanon’s status from a buffer to a death. Since 1990, when Iran’s Influence began to expand after the Iraq and Iran War, the conflicts between Israel and Iran have continued until these days. In these conflicts, Lebanon has been a location of a proxy war between Israel and Iran and lost its buffer’s neutrality and roles. On the other hand, Lebanon is close to losing its right of control amid hegemonic conflicts. Thus, Lebanon has been converted into a death state which cannot make independent decisions. Accordingly, this study claims that the continuous conflicts between two hegemonies have a massive effect on a country’s status.","PeriodicalId":142615,"journal":{"name":"The Institute of Middle Eastern Affairs","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127052436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.199
Jeoung-Myoung Kim
The purpose of this paper is to examine how the study of ancient Egypt conducted in the medieval Islamic world influenced the development of modern Egyptology in Europe after the 15th century. Medieval Muslim scholars such as Ibn Waḥshiyya made the most remarkable achievements in the study of Egyptian hieroglyphs. They found that the ancient Egyptian language was closely related to the Coptic language, and that some of the Egyptian hieroglyphs had phonetic values. And the writings of Muslim scholars were introduced to Europe by Athanasius Kircher in the 17th century and Joseph von Hammer in the 19th century. And it is believed that the ideas of Muslim scholars provided a very important clue to Champollion in the process of deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs in 1822.
本文的目的是考察中世纪伊斯兰世界对古埃及的研究如何影响15世纪以后欧洲现代埃及学的发展。伊本Waḥshiyya等中世纪穆斯林学者在研究埃及象形文字方面取得了最显著的成就。他们发现古埃及语与科普特语密切相关，并且一些埃及象形文字具有语音值。穆斯林学者的著作在17世纪和19世纪分别由Athanasius Kircher和Joseph von Hammer传入欧洲。人们认为，穆斯林学者的思想为商博良在1822年破译埃及象形文字的过程中提供了非常重要的线索。
{"title":"The Study of Ancient Egypt by Muslim Scholars in the Middle Ages and Its Influence on the Study of Egypt in Modern Europe","authors":"Jeoung-Myoung Kim","doi":"10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.199","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to examine how the study of ancient Egypt conducted in the medieval Islamic world influenced the development of modern Egyptology in Europe after the 15th century. Medieval Muslim scholars such as Ibn Waḥshiyya made the most remarkable achievements in the study of Egyptian hieroglyphs. They found that the ancient Egyptian language was closely related to the Coptic language, and that some of the Egyptian hieroglyphs had phonetic values. And the writings of Muslim scholars were introduced to Europe by Athanasius Kircher in the 17th century and Joseph von Hammer in the 19th century. And it is believed that the ideas of Muslim scholars provided a very important clue to Champollion in the process of deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs in 1822.","PeriodicalId":142615,"journal":{"name":"The Institute of Middle Eastern Affairs","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122640268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.107
J. Jeong
This paper analyzes the pro-Israel new public diplomacy of the UAE through a private organization, the Crossroads of Civilizations Museum, with a literature review and fieldwork. Whilst the initial theme of the museum was the historical exchange of the world civilizations and the historical crossroad position of the UAE, it carried out serial external cooperation projects with a restructure focusing on the Judeo-Islamic collaboration in line with the government's policy overriding priority, the Abraham Accords. Instead of hosting events directly, the regime has sponsored public diplomacy through this museum to disperse public criticism of the controversial pro-Israel policy. The museum also has educated domestic and foreign visitors about tolerance towards Jews through the historical narratives as an internal and external public diplomacy.
{"title":"The Pro-Israeli Public Diplomacy of the UAE by Using a Private Museum: Focusing on the Crossroad of Civilizations Museum","authors":"J. Jeong","doi":"10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.107","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the pro-Israel new public diplomacy of the UAE through a private organization, the Crossroads of Civilizations Museum, with a literature review and fieldwork. Whilst the initial theme of the museum was the historical exchange of the world civilizations and the historical crossroad position of the UAE, it carried out serial external cooperation projects with a restructure focusing on the Judeo-Islamic collaboration in line with the government's policy overriding priority, the Abraham Accords. Instead of hosting events directly, the regime has sponsored public diplomacy through this museum to disperse public criticism of the controversial pro-Israel policy. The museum also has educated domestic and foreign visitors about tolerance towards Jews through the historical narratives as an internal and external public diplomacy.","PeriodicalId":142615,"journal":{"name":"The Institute of Middle Eastern Affairs","volume":"39 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121170510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.139
Daboak Noh
The purpose of this study is to estimate the potential growth rates of Arab countries from 1992 to 2019 based on the production function approach, and to analyze the GDP gap of each country. According to the estimates, the potential growth rates of all three selected Arab countries entered an upward phase in the 2000s, however, turned downward phase after the global financial crisis in the late 2000s and a series of geopolitical instabilities in the early 2010s. In addition, it was estimated that in Egypt and Saudi Arabia, the GDP gap was frequent and significantly large, while in Jordan, potential growth rates and real growth rates, in general, showed similar trends.
{"title":"A Study on the Potential Growth Rate and GDP Gap of Arab Countries","authors":"Daboak Noh","doi":"10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.139","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to estimate the potential growth rates of Arab countries from 1992 to 2019 based on the production function approach, and to analyze the GDP gap of each country. According to the estimates, the potential growth rates of all three selected Arab countries entered an upward phase in the 2000s, however, turned downward phase after the global financial crisis in the late 2000s and a series of geopolitical instabilities in the early 2010s. In addition, it was estimated that in Egypt and Saudi Arabia, the GDP gap was frequent and significantly large, while in Jordan, potential growth rates and real growth rates, in general, showed similar trends.","PeriodicalId":142615,"journal":{"name":"The Institute of Middle Eastern Affairs","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117215983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.235
Negin Mojgani, In-ja Hong
The historical and cultural records prove that Iran and the Korean Peninsula exchanged with each other for about 2,000 years by sea and land through Silk Road. In most cases, both countries traded with each other for a long time through Central Asia and China while they also traded with each other directly in rare cases. This exchange had remarkable effects on economy, arts, literature, and religion. The effects of exchanges between Iran and Korea are huge and deep enough to be able to handle each area mentioned earlier as a separate research theme. However, there have been only a few researches related to this so far. Among them, this study examines the thought of Iranian Mithraism spread to Korea. The appearance of Mahayana Buddhism influenced by Iranian ancient religion established a chance to spreading the thought of Mithraism to Korea. The thought of Mithraism that has influenced the religious culture of Korea is ‘Maitreya’ which is another name of Mithra. In the Silla Dynasty, an elite training group called ‘Hwarang’ deeply related to Maitreya was also organized. This study comparatively researches ‘Hwarang’ of Silla and ‘Mire’ organized by Iranian Mithraism focusing on historical literature and literary works.
{"title":"Effects of Iranian Ancient Religious Philosophy Spread to the Korean Peninsula Shown in Literary Works and Tales","authors":"Negin Mojgani, In-ja Hong","doi":"10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.235","url":null,"abstract":"The historical and cultural records prove that Iran and the Korean Peninsula exchanged with each other for about 2,000 years by sea and land through Silk Road. In most cases, both countries traded with each other for a long time through Central Asia and China while they also traded with each other directly in rare cases. This exchange had remarkable effects on economy, arts, literature, and religion. The effects of exchanges between Iran and Korea are huge and deep enough to be able to handle each area mentioned earlier as a separate research theme. However, there have been only a few researches related to this so far. Among them, this study examines the thought of Iranian Mithraism spread to Korea. The appearance of Mahayana Buddhism influenced by Iranian ancient religion established a chance to spreading the thought of Mithraism to Korea. The thought of Mithraism that has influenced the religious culture of Korea is ‘Maitreya’ which is another name of Mithra. In the Silla Dynasty, an elite training group called ‘Hwarang’ deeply related to Maitreya was also organized. This study comparatively researches ‘Hwarang’ of Silla and ‘Mire’ organized by Iranian Mithraism focusing on historical literature and literary works.","PeriodicalId":142615,"journal":{"name":"The Institute of Middle Eastern Affairs","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129339294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.287
Jeanam Park, Hoyoung Nam
In this paper, we claim that the Bayt al-Hikma is the center of research with a library in the reign of al-Mamun. We argue that these activities established the Bayt al-Hikma as a kind of academy. From al-Khwarizumi's Algebra, we claim that the early Abbasid dynasty implemented writing and education as a policy to develop scribes and officials who could perform complex calculations such as inheritance, legacies, partition and surveying. And by citing the primary literature, Algebra and Fihrist, we argue that the Bayt al-Hikma played a role as an academic institution. As a result of in-depth analysis of the algebra's heritage, we also look at the historical role of Islamic mathematics by showing that the mathematical tradition established by the Islamic world in the early Abbasid dynasty succeeded and developed previous civilizations such as Greece and India.
{"title":"Tradition and Role of Islamic Algebra in the Case of the Distribution of Heritage in the Quran and Bayt al-Hikma","authors":"Jeanam Park, Hoyoung Nam","doi":"10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.287","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we claim that the Bayt al-Hikma is the center of research with a library in the reign of al-Mamun. We argue that these activities established the Bayt al-Hikma as a kind of academy. From al-Khwarizumi's Algebra, we claim that the early Abbasid dynasty implemented writing and education as a policy to develop scribes and officials who could perform complex calculations such as inheritance, legacies, partition and surveying. And by citing the primary literature, Algebra and Fihrist, we argue that the Bayt al-Hikma played a role as an academic institution. As a result of in-depth analysis of the algebra's heritage, we also look at the historical role of Islamic mathematics by showing that the mathematical tradition established by the Islamic world in the early Abbasid dynasty succeeded and developed previous civilizations such as Greece and India.","PeriodicalId":142615,"journal":{"name":"The Institute of Middle Eastern Affairs","volume":"16 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116642052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.75
Won-Gu Kang
This paper tried to analyze the change in the relationship between the UAE and Israel after 2020 based on the perspective of behavioral constructivism. There was no particular change in exogenous variables surrounding the UAE before and after the Abraham Accord. Nevertheless, diplomatic relations between the two countries were normalized. It starts from the hypothesis that this is due to the weakening of the ‘Palestinian cause’. Based on the constructivist mechanism, it was attempted to investigate the change of intersubjective understanding. As previous studies mainly conducted based on the realist perspective, this study intends to broaden the understanding of the UAE-Israel relationship.
{"title":"A Study on the Weakening of the Palestinian Cause and Changes in UAE-Israel Relations","authors":"Won-Gu Kang","doi":"10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.75","url":null,"abstract":"This paper tried to analyze the change in the relationship between the UAE and Israel after 2020 based on the perspective of behavioral constructivism. There was no particular change in exogenous variables surrounding the UAE before and after the Abraham Accord. Nevertheless, diplomatic relations between the two countries were normalized. \u0000It starts from the hypothesis that this is due to the weakening of the ‘Palestinian cause’. Based on the constructivist mechanism, it was attempted to investigate the change of intersubjective understanding. As previous studies mainly conducted based on the realist perspective, this study intends to broaden the understanding of the UAE-Israel relationship.","PeriodicalId":142615,"journal":{"name":"The Institute of Middle Eastern Affairs","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127282152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.81
Ik-Ran Eum
{"title":"Reinterpretation of Civil Society within Arab Socio-Cultural Context and Reevaluation of Arab Spring as Social Movement","authors":"Ik-Ran Eum","doi":"10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.81","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142615,"journal":{"name":"The Institute of Middle Eastern Affairs","volume":"76 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120810397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.1
S. Paik, Young-Bin Kim
{"title":"US-China Strategic Competition and its Implication on the Changes of Threat Perception in Israel-Middle East Diplomatic Relations","authors":"S. Paik, Young-Bin Kim","doi":"10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52891/jmea.2022.21.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142615,"journal":{"name":"The Institute of Middle Eastern Affairs","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130920529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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