Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511511
Pengcheng Liu, Zhen Han, Zhixin Shi, Meichen Liu
Previous research on frequency hopping (FH) signal recognition utilizing deep learning only focuses on single-label signal, but can not deal with overlapped FH signal which has multi-labels. To solve this problem, we propose a new FH signal recognition method based on fully convolutional networks (FCN). Firstly, we perform the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) on the collected FH signal to obtain a two-dimensional time-frequency pattern with time, frequency, and intensity information. Then, the pattern will be put into an improved FCN model, named FH-FCN, to make a pixel-level prediction. Finally, through the statistics of the output pixels, we can get the final classification results. We also design an algorithm that can automatically generate dataset for model training. The experimental results show that, for an overlapped FH signal, which contains up to four different types of signals, our method can recognize them correctly. In addition, the separation of multiple FH signals can be achieved by a slight improvement of our method.
{"title":"Recognition of Overlapped Frequency Hopping Signals Based on Fully Convolutional Networks","authors":"Pengcheng Liu, Zhen Han, Zhixin Shi, Meichen Liu","doi":"10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511511","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research on frequency hopping (FH) signal recognition utilizing deep learning only focuses on single-label signal, but can not deal with overlapped FH signal which has multi-labels. To solve this problem, we propose a new FH signal recognition method based on fully convolutional networks (FCN). Firstly, we perform the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) on the collected FH signal to obtain a two-dimensional time-frequency pattern with time, frequency, and intensity information. Then, the pattern will be put into an improved FCN model, named FH-FCN, to make a pixel-level prediction. Finally, through the statistics of the output pixels, we can get the final classification results. We also design an algorithm that can automatically generate dataset for model training. The experimental results show that, for an overlapped FH signal, which contains up to four different types of signals, our method can recognize them correctly. In addition, the separation of multiple FH signals can be achieved by a slight improvement of our method.","PeriodicalId":142681,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125378137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511512
Mohammed M. Alammar, M. López-Benítez
Signal area estimation is a critical component of spectrum aware systems. It entails determining the subsets of elements of a time-frequency matrix where a signal is present. This study proposes and assesses the potential of a minesweeper algorithm in estimating accurately the signal area. The proposed method can be employed in two ways: as a standalone signal area estimation technique and also as a pre/post-processing technique in combination with other signal area estimation methods in order to correct signal detection errors before applying the other estimation method (pre-processing) and/or errors introduced by the other estimation method itself (post-processing). The performance of the proposed minesweeper algorithm in both application approaches is evaluated by means of software simulations. The obtained results show that, when used as a standalone method, it can provide similar or even better accuracy than other methods at a much lower computational cost. However, the best performance is obtained when used as a pre/post-processing technique in combination with other existing methods, without increasing significantly the total computation time.
{"title":"A Minesweeper Algorithm for Improved Signal Area Estimation in Spectrum Aware Systems","authors":"Mohammed M. Alammar, M. López-Benítez","doi":"10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511512","url":null,"abstract":"Signal area estimation is a critical component of spectrum aware systems. It entails determining the subsets of elements of a time-frequency matrix where a signal is present. This study proposes and assesses the potential of a minesweeper algorithm in estimating accurately the signal area. The proposed method can be employed in two ways: as a standalone signal area estimation technique and also as a pre/post-processing technique in combination with other signal area estimation methods in order to correct signal detection errors before applying the other estimation method (pre-processing) and/or errors introduced by the other estimation method itself (post-processing). The performance of the proposed minesweeper algorithm in both application approaches is evaluated by means of software simulations. The obtained results show that, when used as a standalone method, it can provide similar or even better accuracy than other methods at a much lower computational cost. However, the best performance is obtained when used as a pre/post-processing technique in combination with other existing methods, without increasing significantly the total computation time.","PeriodicalId":142681,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126849220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511532
Yasser Naguib Ahmed
This paper considers both uplink and downlink reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with imperfect channel state information (CSI). The RIS is deployed to assist the traditional massive MIMO system serving the users in the dead zone blocked by an obstacle. We derive closed form expression for the sum rate considering the Rician channel model, linear minimum mean squared error (LMMSE) is considered for uplink channel estimation, while maximum ratio transmission (MRT) is considered for the downlink.
{"title":"Large System Analysis of Reflecting Intelligent Surface Aided MIMO systems with Imperfect Channel State Information","authors":"Yasser Naguib Ahmed","doi":"10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511532","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers both uplink and downlink reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with imperfect channel state information (CSI). The RIS is deployed to assist the traditional massive MIMO system serving the users in the dead zone blocked by an obstacle. We derive closed form expression for the sum rate considering the Rician channel model, linear minimum mean squared error (LMMSE) is considered for uplink channel estimation, while maximum ratio transmission (MRT) is considered for the downlink.","PeriodicalId":142681,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123872520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511524
Leila Mounsif, Damien Roque
Faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling is a promising strategy to achieve high spectral efficiency at fixed constellation size, notably over power-constrained channels. However, various traditional synchronization techniques cannot be reused in presence of FTN-induced intersymbol-interference. In this paper, we focus on timing synchronization in a pilot-aided scenario, where both data and pilots are transmitted at an FTN rate. We propose a density-dependent and near-optimal pulse design with respect to the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRB), under bandwidth and energy constraints. We show the benefits of an FTN-specific pulse design compared to conventional root-raised cosine filters; we also discuss the performance/complexity tradeoff of the proposed solutions. Our results may be of interest in high-throughput systems where timing accuracy is essential (e.g., satellite communications).
{"title":"Near-Optimal Pulse Design for Pilot-Aided Timing Estimation in Faster-than-Nyquist Systems","authors":"Leila Mounsif, Damien Roque","doi":"10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511524","url":null,"abstract":"Faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling is a promising strategy to achieve high spectral efficiency at fixed constellation size, notably over power-constrained channels. However, various traditional synchronization techniques cannot be reused in presence of FTN-induced intersymbol-interference. In this paper, we focus on timing synchronization in a pilot-aided scenario, where both data and pilots are transmitted at an FTN rate. We propose a density-dependent and near-optimal pulse design with respect to the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRB), under bandwidth and energy constraints. We show the benefits of an FTN-specific pulse design compared to conventional root-raised cosine filters; we also discuss the performance/complexity tradeoff of the proposed solutions. Our results may be of interest in high-throughput systems where timing accuracy is essential (e.g., satellite communications).","PeriodicalId":142681,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT)","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131951025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511530
Zhan Wang, Mahsa Derakhshani, R. Edwards
In dense radio frequency identification (RFID) situations where the coverage of multiple interrogators overlaps, a key challenge is to mitigate interrogator-involved collisions. Among the solutions that have been proposed to reduce or avoid such collisions, Geometric Distribution Reader Anti-collision (GDRA) protocol achieves the highest throughput exploiting Geometric distribution to minimise contention among interrogators. This approach is compatible with current RFID protocols, such as EPC Gen2, ISO18000-6C and ETSI EN 302 208–1 without extra hardware support. In this paper, based on GDRA, we propose an enhanced protocol, called Dynamic GDRA (DGDRA), in which different interrogators dynamically and independently adapt their own Geometric distributions based on the experienced number of successful transmissions and collisions. Simulation results confirm that the proposed DGDRA provides higher throughput and enhances fairness performance compared to the original anti-collision scheme.
在密集的射频识别(RFID)情况下，多个询问器的覆盖范围重叠，一个关键的挑战是减轻涉及询问器的碰撞。在已经提出的减少或避免这种冲突的解决方案中，几何分布阅读器防冲突(GDRA)协议利用几何分布来最大限度地减少询问器之间的争用，从而实现了最高的吞吐量。这种方法与当前的RFID协议兼容，如EPC Gen2, ISO18000-6C和ETSI EN 302 208-1，无需额外的硬件支持。本文在GDRA的基础上，提出了一种增强的动态GDRA (Dynamic GDRA, DGDRA)协议，在该协议中，不同的询问器根据成功传输和碰撞的经验数量动态独立地调整自己的几何分布。仿真结果表明，与原有的防碰撞方案相比，该方案具有更高的吞吐量和更高的公平性。
{"title":"Dynamic RFID Anti-collision Algorithm with Multiple Interrogators","authors":"Zhan Wang, Mahsa Derakhshani, R. Edwards","doi":"10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511530","url":null,"abstract":"In dense radio frequency identification (RFID) situations where the coverage of multiple interrogators overlaps, a key challenge is to mitigate interrogator-involved collisions. Among the solutions that have been proposed to reduce or avoid such collisions, Geometric Distribution Reader Anti-collision (GDRA) protocol achieves the highest throughput exploiting Geometric distribution to minimise contention among interrogators. This approach is compatible with current RFID protocols, such as EPC Gen2, ISO18000-6C and ETSI EN 302 208–1 without extra hardware support. In this paper, based on GDRA, we propose an enhanced protocol, called Dynamic GDRA (DGDRA), in which different interrogators dynamically and independently adapt their own Geometric distributions based on the experienced number of successful transmissions and collisions. Simulation results confirm that the proposed DGDRA provides higher throughput and enhances fairness performance compared to the original anti-collision scheme.","PeriodicalId":142681,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134424606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511510
Ahmed Fathy Abdel Ghany, B. Uguen, C. Moy, D. Lemur
With the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT), it is critical to understand the packet transmission performance in Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN), especially LoRaWAN. Previous works on LoRaWAN network performance analysis, either simulation-based or field measurement, are considering the Packet Delivery Rate (PDR) as a major measure of the network performance and its dependency on the signal impairments. However, the Effective Signal Power (ESP) and its huge variability along with the different frequency bands, for each location, are not generally considered. In this paper, an in-depth investigation of the frequency dependency of the PDR is done by performing an outdoor measurement campaign in the area of the Campus Beaulieu in Rennes. From each different location, the ESP and SINR (Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio) values are obtained as well as the influence of these parameters on the PDR is evaluated at each frequency band independently. In the given results, the feasibility of using the ESP is proven by its enlarged range when the SINR is very low, unlike the RSSI which has a limitation. This investigation manifests and gives important guidelines for using ESP in the future IoT applications.
随着物联网(Internet of Things, IoT)的发展，了解低功率广域网(Low Power Wide Area Network, LPWAN)特别是LoRaWAN的分组传输性能变得至关重要。以往的LoRaWAN网络性能分析工作，无论是基于仿真还是现场测量，都将分组传输速率(PDR)作为网络性能及其对信号损伤依赖性的主要衡量指标。然而，对于每个位置，有效信号功率(ESP)及其随不同频段的巨大变异性通常没有被考虑。在本文中，通过在雷恩校园Beaulieu区域进行户外测量活动，对PDR的频率依赖性进行了深入调查。在每个不同的位置，获得了ESP和SINR(信噪比)值，并在每个频段独立评估了这些参数对PDR的影响。在给定的结果中，ESP在SINR很低时的使用范围扩大，而RSSI有局限性，这证明了ESP使用的可行性。这项研究为在未来的物联网应用中使用ESP提供了重要的指导方针。
{"title":"On Superior Reliability of Effective Signal Power versus RSSI in LoRaWAN","authors":"Ahmed Fathy Abdel Ghany, B. Uguen, C. Moy, D. Lemur","doi":"10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511510","url":null,"abstract":"With the growth of the Internet of Things (IoT), it is critical to understand the packet transmission performance in Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN), especially LoRaWAN. Previous works on LoRaWAN network performance analysis, either simulation-based or field measurement, are considering the Packet Delivery Rate (PDR) as a major measure of the network performance and its dependency on the signal impairments. However, the Effective Signal Power (ESP) and its huge variability along with the different frequency bands, for each location, are not generally considered. In this paper, an in-depth investigation of the frequency dependency of the PDR is done by performing an outdoor measurement campaign in the area of the Campus Beaulieu in Rennes. From each different location, the ESP and SINR (Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio) values are obtained as well as the influence of these parameters on the PDR is evaluated at each frequency band independently. In the given results, the feasibility of using the ESP is proven by its enlarged range when the SINR is very low, unlike the RSSI which has a limitation. This investigation manifests and gives important guidelines for using ESP in the future IoT applications.","PeriodicalId":142681,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133343444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511525
Zekun Hong, Yanyun Xu
Aiming at the problem of spectrum monitoring of low-power wideband signals in complex electromagnetic environments, this paper proposes a double threshold weak signal detector based on the information entropy of the frequency-domain power spectrum. Based on the theoretical model of information entropy, the signal's power spectrum entropy is used as the test statistic to construct a double decision threshold, which realizes the blind detection of the hidden low-power weak signal under the strong noise interference. Simulation results show that when the received signal-to-noise ratio is -16dB, the signal detection rate is greater than 80%, which is better than other traditional algorithms. Experiments in the scene of non-cooperative spectrum monitoring further prove the effectiveness of this method in practical application.
{"title":"A Novel Weak Signal Detector Based on Power Spectrum Entropy Under Low SNR","authors":"Zekun Hong, Yanyun Xu","doi":"10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511525","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming at the problem of spectrum monitoring of low-power wideband signals in complex electromagnetic environments, this paper proposes a double threshold weak signal detector based on the information entropy of the frequency-domain power spectrum. Based on the theoretical model of information entropy, the signal's power spectrum entropy is used as the test statistic to construct a double decision threshold, which realizes the blind detection of the hidden low-power weak signal under the strong noise interference. Simulation results show that when the received signal-to-noise ratio is -16dB, the signal detection rate is greater than 80%, which is better than other traditional algorithms. Experiments in the scene of non-cooperative spectrum monitoring further prove the effectiveness of this method in practical application.","PeriodicalId":142681,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122030527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511467
A. Ortega
Partially connected structures for hybrid precoders have called attention because they reduce the number of phase shifters and eliminate the need for radio frequency (RF) adders. There are two categories of partial structures, fixed and dynamic. In fixed structures, each RF chain is connected to an antenna subarray, whereas in dynamic structures, the antenna elements are switchable among the RF chains. Dynamic structures have more freedom degrees and therefore, they offer better performance but in compensation, it is required one switch per antenna and an algorithm to select the switches' positions. This paper extends and comments on the methodology described in a recently published paper. The considered subarrays have a variable size so that the number of switches is decreased, users can receive multiple streams, and the solution for the subarray assignment problem optimization is also extended. Thus, a tool to transform the fully connected structure of a hybrid precoder into dynamic subarray structures is described throughout this paper. Since the number of the switches' positions grows in a factorial manner as the number of RF chains and subarrays increases, exploring brute force is prohibited, therefore an addressed search is necessary. The proposed method explores a few combinations and finds the best among them. However, a better criterion to select these combinations is required. The numerical results evidence that the described tool is more useful in scenarios with a low number of RF chains, low-size subarray, users receiving one single stream, and that the fully-connected analog precoder does not compute any matrix inversion.
{"title":"Transforming the fully-connected structures of hybrid precoders into dynamic partially-connected structures","authors":"A. Ortega","doi":"10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511467","url":null,"abstract":"Partially connected structures for hybrid precoders have called attention because they reduce the number of phase shifters and eliminate the need for radio frequency (RF) adders. There are two categories of partial structures, fixed and dynamic. In fixed structures, each RF chain is connected to an antenna subarray, whereas in dynamic structures, the antenna elements are switchable among the RF chains. Dynamic structures have more freedom degrees and therefore, they offer better performance but in compensation, it is required one switch per antenna and an algorithm to select the switches' positions. This paper extends and comments on the methodology described in a recently published paper. The considered subarrays have a variable size so that the number of switches is decreased, users can receive multiple streams, and the solution for the subarray assignment problem optimization is also extended. Thus, a tool to transform the fully connected structure of a hybrid precoder into dynamic subarray structures is described throughout this paper. Since the number of the switches' positions grows in a factorial manner as the number of RF chains and subarrays increases, exploring brute force is prohibited, therefore an addressed search is necessary. The proposed method explores a few combinations and finds the best among them. However, a better criterion to select these combinations is required. The numerical results evidence that the described tool is more useful in scenarios with a low number of RF chains, low-size subarray, users receiving one single stream, and that the fully-connected analog precoder does not compute any matrix inversion.","PeriodicalId":142681,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124620048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511509
C. Bouras, A. Gkamas, Spyridon Aniceto Katsampiris Salgado, Nikolaos Papachristos
This paper presents a mechanism for Spreading Factor (SF) prediction in LoRa networks for more optimized data transmissions. The proposed mechanism is based on Machine Learning (ML) algorithms and assigns the node's SF value based on prior transmission data. This paper examines three different approaches for the selection of the SF during LoRa transmissions a) Random SF assignment b) Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) and c) ML based SF selection. The main target is to study and determine the most efficient approach, as well as to investigate the exploitation of ML techniques in the context of LoRa networks. We created a simple library based on ML libraries, such as Scikit Learn that can be used with the FLoRa an OMNeT++ based LoRa simulator. With the use of this library, it is possible to predict the node's SF using ML techniques. Two classification algorithms were tested, the k Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) and Naïve Bayes classifier. Finally, we compared the ML mechanisms with two variants of the ADR mechanism. The approaches performance is evaluated for different scenarios, using the delivery ratio and energy consumption metrics.
{"title":"Spreading Factor Selection Mechanism for Transmission over LoRa Networks","authors":"C. Bouras, A. Gkamas, Spyridon Aniceto Katsampiris Salgado, Nikolaos Papachristos","doi":"10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511509","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a mechanism for Spreading Factor (SF) prediction in LoRa networks for more optimized data transmissions. The proposed mechanism is based on Machine Learning (ML) algorithms and assigns the node's SF value based on prior transmission data. This paper examines three different approaches for the selection of the SF during LoRa transmissions a) Random SF assignment b) Adaptive Data Rate (ADR) and c) ML based SF selection. The main target is to study and determine the most efficient approach, as well as to investigate the exploitation of ML techniques in the context of LoRa networks. We created a simple library based on ML libraries, such as Scikit Learn that can be used with the FLoRa an OMNeT++ based LoRa simulator. With the use of this library, it is possible to predict the node's SF using ML techniques. Two classification algorithms were tested, the k Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) and Naïve Bayes classifier. Finally, we compared the ML mechanisms with two variants of the ADR mechanism. The approaches performance is evaluated for different scenarios, using the delivery ratio and energy consumption metrics.","PeriodicalId":142681,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT)","volume":"11 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129625625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511460
G. T. E. Sanousi, F. Hirtenfelder, M. A. H. Abbas, R. Abd‐Alhameed, Xin-She Yang, T. Le, H. Nguyen
This paper proposes a peculiar concentric circular antenna array (CCAA) design with ability to incorporate in band full duplex (IBFD) access. The CCAA is deployed as a hexagonal star array (HSA) geometry. The design introduces virtual antenna formations, each consisting of at least two cancelling elements placed on axially opposite sides of a CCAA centre. The geometry of the HSA provides phase shifts which cancel out the self-signals at this centre, thus enabling it to function as an IBFD receiving point. While CCAA provides excellent beam-forming abilities, the IBFD centre provides the potential for acquiring a continuous instantaneous stream of channel state information (CSI). The CSI enhances the CCAA performance. The proposed HSA consists of two CAA rings of rectangular monopole patches resonating at 2.44GHz. The design was simulated using the Dassault electromagnetic field simulation (CST) simulator. The combination of the CCAA beam-forming abilities and the IBFD nulling were effectively demonstrated. The array diversity and multiplexing gains were also demonstrated, i.e., the array exhibits a multi input multi output with IBFD (MIMO-IBFD) performance. The measured self-interference cancellation (SIC) figure was -30.8dB, achieved at only the front-end antenna interface without integrating the SIC in other system blocks, which is a practical one stage figure.
{"title":"The Peculiar Case of the Concentric Circular Hexagonal-Star Array: Design and Features","authors":"G. T. E. Sanousi, F. Hirtenfelder, M. A. H. Abbas, R. Abd‐Alhameed, Xin-She Yang, T. Le, H. Nguyen","doi":"10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICT52184.2021.9511460","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a peculiar concentric circular antenna array (CCAA) design with ability to incorporate in band full duplex (IBFD) access. The CCAA is deployed as a hexagonal star array (HSA) geometry. The design introduces virtual antenna formations, each consisting of at least two cancelling elements placed on axially opposite sides of a CCAA centre. The geometry of the HSA provides phase shifts which cancel out the self-signals at this centre, thus enabling it to function as an IBFD receiving point. While CCAA provides excellent beam-forming abilities, the IBFD centre provides the potential for acquiring a continuous instantaneous stream of channel state information (CSI). The CSI enhances the CCAA performance. The proposed HSA consists of two CAA rings of rectangular monopole patches resonating at 2.44GHz. The design was simulated using the Dassault electromagnetic field simulation (CST) simulator. The combination of the CCAA beam-forming abilities and the IBFD nulling were effectively demonstrated. The array diversity and multiplexing gains were also demonstrated, i.e., the array exhibits a multi input multi output with IBFD (MIMO-IBFD) performance. The measured self-interference cancellation (SIC) figure was -30.8dB, achieved at only the front-end antenna interface without integrating the SIC in other system blocks, which is a practical one stage figure.","PeriodicalId":142681,"journal":{"name":"2021 28th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT)","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126982080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：