Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462875
Daisuke Shirasaki, H. Fujimoto
To achieve high efficiency rectification, one option is to use synchronous rectification instead of diode rectification. However, synchronous rectification requires an expensive AC current sensor. This is one of the barriers when introducing synchronous rectification. Here we introduce a new synchronous rectification method that does not need any expensive AC current sensors. This new method just uses an DC current sensor, which is cheaper than AC current sensor. The principle of the method is explained in the first part, and the effect of the method is verified by experiments.
{"title":"Novel Synchronous Rectification Method for WPT Only by DC Current Sensor","authors":"Daisuke Shirasaki, H. Fujimoto","doi":"10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462875","url":null,"abstract":"To achieve high efficiency rectification, one option is to use synchronous rectification instead of diode rectification. However, synchronous rectification requires an expensive AC current sensor. This is one of the barriers when introducing synchronous rectification. Here we introduce a new synchronous rectification method that does not need any expensive AC current sensors. This new method just uses an DC current sensor, which is cheaper than AC current sensor. The principle of the method is explained in the first part, and the effect of the method is verified by experiments.","PeriodicalId":142939,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer (WoW)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122454923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462891
A. Vulfovich, A. Kuperman
A number of applications such as wireless EV charging introduce operational frequency range constraints such as those present in the SAE J2954 protocol. This paper analyzes the coupling coefficient variations limit of a constant voltage fed sub resonant frequency-controlled S-S IWPT link with a constant voltage load operating in a constrained frequency range. It is shown that with a 12.2% change in frequency as per SAE J2954 it is possible to compensate for a 90% variation of coupling coefficient. The analytical calculations are further validated by simulation in the PSIM software.
{"title":"Relation Between Operation Frequency Range and Coupling Coefficient Variations in WPT Under Subresonant Frequency Control","authors":"A. Vulfovich, A. Kuperman","doi":"10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462891","url":null,"abstract":"A number of applications such as wireless EV charging introduce operational frequency range constraints such as those present in the SAE J2954 protocol. This paper analyzes the coupling coefficient variations limit of a constant voltage fed sub resonant frequency-controlled S-S IWPT link with a constant voltage load operating in a constrained frequency range. It is shown that with a 12.2% change in frequency as per SAE J2954 it is possible to compensate for a 90% variation of coupling coefficient. The analytical calculations are further validated by simulation in the PSIM software.","PeriodicalId":142939,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer (WoW)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129800139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462872
A. Mostafa, Yao Wang, Hua Zhang, F. Lu
This digest proposes a cross-coupled LCC-P coil structure to improve the misalignment tolerance of a Z-class compatible inductive wireless power transfer system for electric vehicles (EVs) described in J2954. The standard specifies the misalignment distances in the x-y-z plane to which the system will be exposed. Misalignment induces large variations in coupling coefficients between the primary and secondary sides of the coupler, resulting in proportionally large power fluctuations. The design uses a reversed coupled filter inductor to improve misalignment performance. Compared to previously proposed designs, the proposed LCC-P topology offers good performance, while reducing the size and complexity of the vehicle side coupler. Additionally, all the coils in the coupler are unipolar, further reducing the overall system complexity. A prototype is designed and constructed to validate the proposed solution. Experiments have achieved 3kW power transfer with 95.8% efficiency.
{"title":"A Z-Class LCC-P Compensated IPT System with a Reverse Coupled Compensation Inductor","authors":"A. Mostafa, Yao Wang, Hua Zhang, F. Lu","doi":"10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462872","url":null,"abstract":"This digest proposes a cross-coupled LCC-P coil structure to improve the misalignment tolerance of a Z-class compatible inductive wireless power transfer system for electric vehicles (EVs) described in J2954. The standard specifies the misalignment distances in the x-y-z plane to which the system will be exposed. Misalignment induces large variations in coupling coefficients between the primary and secondary sides of the coupler, resulting in proportionally large power fluctuations. The design uses a reversed coupled filter inductor to improve misalignment performance. Compared to previously proposed designs, the proposed LCC-P topology offers good performance, while reducing the size and complexity of the vehicle side coupler. Additionally, all the coils in the coupler are unipolar, further reducing the overall system complexity. A prototype is designed and constructed to validate the proposed solution. Experiments have achieved 3kW power transfer with 95.8% efficiency.","PeriodicalId":142939,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer (WoW)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125703749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462893
David Maier, Weizhou Ye, N. Parspour
In this paper, the losses of the coil system for different system topologies are analytically calculated. The different system topologies comprise on the one hand serial compensated coils and on the other hand parallel compensated coils. Each of the four possible combinations with one capacitor on each side has a different solution for the efficiency depending on the load resistance, the quality factor, the magnetic coupling, the design frequency and the secondary side inductance. The calculation considers only the fundamental frequency, thus harmonics as well as losses in inverter and rectifier are neglected. The paper concludes with a comparison of the different topologies based on a varying load resistance and points out the operating point with maximum efficiency.
{"title":"Contactless Energy Transfer - Analytical Calculation of the Coil Systems’ Efficiencies for Different Topologies","authors":"David Maier, Weizhou Ye, N. Parspour","doi":"10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462893","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the losses of the coil system for different system topologies are analytically calculated. The different system topologies comprise on the one hand serial compensated coils and on the other hand parallel compensated coils. Each of the four possible combinations with one capacitor on each side has a different solution for the efficiency depending on the load resistance, the quality factor, the magnetic coupling, the design frequency and the secondary side inductance. The calculation considers only the fundamental frequency, thus harmonics as well as losses in inverter and rectifier are neglected. The paper concludes with a comparison of the different topologies based on a varying load resistance and points out the operating point with maximum efficiency.","PeriodicalId":142939,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer (WoW)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121942242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462871
Huan Zhang, Chengbin Ma, Ming Liu
Megahertz (MHz) wireless power transfer (WPT) system is becoming a research trend because of its flexible spatial freedom. However, the high frequency circuit components limit the power level of MHz WPT system. Meanwhile, the actual application scenarios are changeable, so a single system design cannot meet the needs of multiple applications. In this paper, a design concept of modularized and reconfigurable MHz WPT is proposed to improve the system power level and design flexibility. With this method, the system requirements (power, efficiency and transfer distance) can be easily satisfied by the combination of modules. The design concept will be detailed explained through the analysis of the system architecture and the mathematical model. Finally, the influence of proximity effect and mutual inductance divergence achieves briefly analysis according to the simulation and test. And the modularized design concept is basically verified by the power and efficiency test results of four different combinations of UMs.
{"title":"Modularized and Reconfigurable Wireless Power Transfer: Architecture, Modeling and Analysis","authors":"Huan Zhang, Chengbin Ma, Ming Liu","doi":"10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462871","url":null,"abstract":"Megahertz (MHz) wireless power transfer (WPT) system is becoming a research trend because of its flexible spatial freedom. However, the high frequency circuit components limit the power level of MHz WPT system. Meanwhile, the actual application scenarios are changeable, so a single system design cannot meet the needs of multiple applications. In this paper, a design concept of modularized and reconfigurable MHz WPT is proposed to improve the system power level and design flexibility. With this method, the system requirements (power, efficiency and transfer distance) can be easily satisfied by the combination of modules. The design concept will be detailed explained through the analysis of the system architecture and the mathematical model. Finally, the influence of proximity effect and mutual inductance divergence achieves briefly analysis according to the simulation and test. And the modularized design concept is basically verified by the power and efficiency test results of four different combinations of UMs.","PeriodicalId":142939,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer (WoW)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132536979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462868
Shaoge Zang, Christina Kexin Yuan, Connor James, A. Hu
This paper presents a modular-based solar PV (Photovoltaic) system with the integration of a capacitive power transfer (CPT) interface. Each PV module is designed as a single-input single-output (SISO) system, consisting of a solar panel, a DC-DC boost converter, and a high-frequency inverter connected to a load via a CPT system with a contactless interface. The modules can also be connected in series on the load side, forming a Multi-Input Single-Output (MISO) system. A centralised Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller based on power and the voltage-dependent algorithm is designed to regulate the duty cycles of boost converters for dynamic maximum power tracking. Comprehensive simulations are conducted for both SISO and MISO configurations with two low power PV modules, and the results showed that each PV module could operate independently, and it is feasible to add the output voltages up on the load side for increased power transfer capability. The centralised controller adjusts the duty cycles of the connected PV modules smoothly, and a maximum power of 38.1W is achieved from two PV modules.
{"title":"Modular-Based PV System with Contactless Capacitive Power Transfer Interface","authors":"Shaoge Zang, Christina Kexin Yuan, Connor James, A. Hu","doi":"10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462868","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a modular-based solar PV (Photovoltaic) system with the integration of a capacitive power transfer (CPT) interface. Each PV module is designed as a single-input single-output (SISO) system, consisting of a solar panel, a DC-DC boost converter, and a high-frequency inverter connected to a load via a CPT system with a contactless interface. The modules can also be connected in series on the load side, forming a Multi-Input Single-Output (MISO) system. A centralised Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller based on power and the voltage-dependent algorithm is designed to regulate the duty cycles of boost converters for dynamic maximum power tracking. Comprehensive simulations are conducted for both SISO and MISO configurations with two low power PV modules, and the results showed that each PV module could operate independently, and it is feasible to add the output voltages up on the load side for increased power transfer capability. The centralised controller adjusts the duty cycles of the connected PV modules smoothly, and a maximum power of 38.1W is achieved from two PV modules.","PeriodicalId":142939,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer (WoW)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131226534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462878
Yaoxia Shao, Ming Liu, Chengbin Ma
The megahertz (MHz) operating frequency increases the spatial freedom, making it more suitable for multi-receiver wireless power transfer (WPT) scenarios. Generally, in a single-receiver WPT system, similar shapes (e.g. spiral) of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil help to improve the cross coupling. However, in multi-receiver cases, traditional spiral receiving coils limit the maximum number of receivers, and the coil coupling varies obviously as position changes. This paper proposes a hybrid coupler of a spiral transmitting (Tx) coil and solenoid receiving (Rx) coils, which can effectively increase the upper limit of the number of receivers, and is also suitable for some receivers with special shapes (e.g. tubular). In addition, a new design method for the impedance matching network (IMN) of MHz WPT systems, which improves the robustness of the systems when the number of receivers varies, is also proposed.
{"title":"A Multi-Receiver MHz WPT System with Hybrid Coupler","authors":"Yaoxia Shao, Ming Liu, Chengbin Ma","doi":"10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462878","url":null,"abstract":"The megahertz (MHz) operating frequency increases the spatial freedom, making it more suitable for multi-receiver wireless power transfer (WPT) scenarios. Generally, in a single-receiver WPT system, similar shapes (e.g. spiral) of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil help to improve the cross coupling. However, in multi-receiver cases, traditional spiral receiving coils limit the maximum number of receivers, and the coil coupling varies obviously as position changes. This paper proposes a hybrid coupler of a spiral transmitting (Tx) coil and solenoid receiving (Rx) coils, which can effectively increase the upper limit of the number of receivers, and is also suitable for some receivers with special shapes (e.g. tubular). In addition, a new design method for the impedance matching network (IMN) of MHz WPT systems, which improves the robustness of the systems when the number of receivers varies, is also proposed.","PeriodicalId":142939,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer (WoW)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117008163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462855
Anna Lusiewicz, N. Parspour, Minyao Chen
In the SAE J2954 standard for stationary wireless charging of electric vehicles, two different coil geometries are proposed: The circular (C) and the double-D (DD) coil system. In the future, electric vehicles are expected to be equipped with the vehicle assembly (VA) coil geometry as proposed in the standard. This can be used as a design criterion for an electrified road, where the installed primary coils have to be compatible to the vehicle coil. In this paper, the two SAE systems are compared to each other regarding the coupling factor stability with a compatible primary side for dynamic wireless charging, i. e., charging while in motion. Therefore, two coil designs have been built up in laboratory, each consisting of three identical primary air coil pads compatible with the corresponding SAE secondary side. The results indicate that the coupling factor for the double-D coil system shows lesser variation along the path than for the circular coil system, but the absolute coupling factor is greater for the circular coil system.
{"title":"Comparison of Lumped Primary Coil Systems With SAE J2954 Secondary Coils for Dynamic Wireless Charging","authors":"Anna Lusiewicz, N. Parspour, Minyao Chen","doi":"10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462855","url":null,"abstract":"In the SAE J2954 standard for stationary wireless charging of electric vehicles, two different coil geometries are proposed: The circular (C) and the double-D (DD) coil system. In the future, electric vehicles are expected to be equipped with the vehicle assembly (VA) coil geometry as proposed in the standard. This can be used as a design criterion for an electrified road, where the installed primary coils have to be compatible to the vehicle coil. In this paper, the two SAE systems are compared to each other regarding the coupling factor stability with a compatible primary side for dynamic wireless charging, i. e., charging while in motion. Therefore, two coil designs have been built up in laboratory, each consisting of three identical primary air coil pads compatible with the corresponding SAE secondary side. The results indicate that the coupling factor for the double-D coil system shows lesser variation along the path than for the circular coil system, but the absolute coupling factor is greater for the circular coil system.","PeriodicalId":142939,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer (WoW)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130505038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/wow51332.2021.9462869
{"title":"[WoW 2021 Front cover]","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/wow51332.2021.9462869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wow51332.2021.9462869","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142939,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer (WoW)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131651509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462882
Xinyu Hou, Yugang Su, Zhe Liu, Zhipeng Deng
For the wireless power supply of on-line monitoring equipment for HVTL (high voltage transmission lines), a multi-relay WPT (Wireless Power Transfer) system with double-sided LCC resonant network is proposed to improve the system output power and constant voltage output characteristic. In order to reduce the influence of frequency splitting on system output characteristic, three working modes are analyzed. A numerical simulation analysis has been carried out to prove that the working modes proposed can improve the system’s constant voltage output capability.
{"title":"Wireless Power Transfer System of On-line Monitoring Equipment for High Voltage Transmission Line Based on Double-sided LCC Resonant Network","authors":"Xinyu Hou, Yugang Su, Zhe Liu, Zhipeng Deng","doi":"10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462882","url":null,"abstract":"For the wireless power supply of on-line monitoring equipment for HVTL (high voltage transmission lines), a multi-relay WPT (Wireless Power Transfer) system with double-sided LCC resonant network is proposed to improve the system output power and constant voltage output characteristic. In order to reduce the influence of frequency splitting on system output characteristic, three working modes are analyzed. A numerical simulation analysis has been carried out to prove that the working modes proposed can improve the system’s constant voltage output capability.","PeriodicalId":142939,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer (WoW)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126819426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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