Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462885
C. Kwan, J. Arteaga, Nunzio Pucci, D. Yates, P. Mitcheson
This paper reports on the design, construction and integration of a wireless inductive charging solution for an electric scooter, operating at a frequency of 6.78MHz and providing an output power of 110 W. With the use of a push-pull Class EF inverter at the transmit end, as well as ferrite shielding and a voltage-doubler full-wave Class D rectifier at the receive end, this system achieved a DC-DC IPT efficiency of 69%–75% and exhibited good tolerance to misalignment at full charging power.
{"title":"A 110W E-scooter Wireless Charger Operating at 6.78MHz with Ferrite Shielding","authors":"C. Kwan, J. Arteaga, Nunzio Pucci, D. Yates, P. Mitcheson","doi":"10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462885","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on the design, construction and integration of a wireless inductive charging solution for an electric scooter, operating at a frequency of 6.78MHz and providing an output power of 110 W. With the use of a push-pull Class EF inverter at the transmit end, as well as ferrite shielding and a voltage-doubler full-wave Class D rectifier at the receive end, this system achieved a DC-DC IPT efficiency of 69%–75% and exhibited good tolerance to misalignment at full charging power.","PeriodicalId":142939,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer (WoW)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124991646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462879
Sakahisa Nagai, Toshiyuki Fujita, H. Fujimoto, S. Tsuge, Toshiya Hashimoto
Dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) for electric vehicles (EVs) is an innovative technique that enables the EVs to enhance the driving range and reduce the capacity of the battery. The receiving current control is important to prevent the battery from overcharging. In this paper, the receiving current control using an active rectifier is focused on. Pulse density modulation (PDM) is effective in terms of the switching loss in the rectifier compared with pulse width modulation. In the previous papers regarding to the PDM, the operation is evaluated in stationary WPT systems. In this paper, the transmission energy efficiency of the receiving current control with the PDM is evaluated using a high-speed rotational testbench for the DWPT. In addition, centralized PDM (CPDM) and distributed PDM (DPDM) are experimentally compared. As a result, it was confirmed that the current control performances using the CPDM and DPDM are the same in spite of the mutual inductance dynamic change at 40 km/h. The energy efficiency of the DPDM was 3.3–7.9% higher compared with one of the CPDM because it can reduce the filter current and loss in the filter inductance. Therefore, the DPDM is effective for the receiving current control of the DWPT system.
{"title":"Efficiency Evaluation of Receiving Current Control Using Pulse Density Modulation for Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer","authors":"Sakahisa Nagai, Toshiyuki Fujita, H. Fujimoto, S. Tsuge, Toshiya Hashimoto","doi":"10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462879","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) for electric vehicles (EVs) is an innovative technique that enables the EVs to enhance the driving range and reduce the capacity of the battery. The receiving current control is important to prevent the battery from overcharging. In this paper, the receiving current control using an active rectifier is focused on. Pulse density modulation (PDM) is effective in terms of the switching loss in the rectifier compared with pulse width modulation. In the previous papers regarding to the PDM, the operation is evaluated in stationary WPT systems. In this paper, the transmission energy efficiency of the receiving current control with the PDM is evaluated using a high-speed rotational testbench for the DWPT. In addition, centralized PDM (CPDM) and distributed PDM (DPDM) are experimentally compared. As a result, it was confirmed that the current control performances using the CPDM and DPDM are the same in spite of the mutual inductance dynamic change at 40 km/h. The energy efficiency of the DPDM was 3.3–7.9% higher compared with one of the CPDM because it can reduce the filter current and loss in the filter inductance. Therefore, the DPDM is effective for the receiving current control of the DWPT system.","PeriodicalId":142939,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer (WoW)","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133682113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462889
Houji Li, Ming Liu, Yong Wang
Class E circuit has the advantages of less components, high reliability and soft switching, but the traditional Class E circuit can only be used in low power condition because of the unidirectional excitation. In order to extend the power range, this paper proposes a novel hybrid Class E circuit, which can be operated at high power. Moreover, the proposed topology can achieve constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) output by switching the branch once without changing the switching frequency or compensation network. Compared with the existing CC and CV scheme, it has the advantages of less components, simple control and high stability. In this paper, the working principle of the circuit is analyzed, and the variable zero-voltage switching (ZVS) margin is introduced to make the calculation of parameters design method more accurate. Subsequently, the influence of higher order harmonics on the circuit and the sensitivity of parameters is analyzed. Finally, an 180W experimental platform with CC and CV characteristics is built to verify the feasibility of the circuit and the accuracy of theoretical analysis.
{"title":"A Novel Hybrid Class E Topology with load-independent Output for WPT","authors":"Houji Li, Ming Liu, Yong Wang","doi":"10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462889","url":null,"abstract":"Class E circuit has the advantages of less components, high reliability and soft switching, but the traditional Class E circuit can only be used in low power condition because of the unidirectional excitation. In order to extend the power range, this paper proposes a novel hybrid Class E circuit, which can be operated at high power. Moreover, the proposed topology can achieve constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) output by switching the branch once without changing the switching frequency or compensation network. Compared with the existing CC and CV scheme, it has the advantages of less components, simple control and high stability. In this paper, the working principle of the circuit is analyzed, and the variable zero-voltage switching (ZVS) margin is introduced to make the calculation of parameters design method more accurate. Subsequently, the influence of higher order harmonics on the circuit and the sensitivity of parameters is analyzed. Finally, an 180W experimental platform with CC and CV characteristics is built to verify the feasibility of the circuit and the accuracy of theoretical analysis.","PeriodicalId":142939,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer (WoW)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131530191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/wow51332.2021.9462865
{"title":"WoW 2021 Technical Program Committee and Reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/wow51332.2021.9462865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wow51332.2021.9462865","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142939,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer (WoW)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131053165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462881
Zhe Feng, O. Shimizu, H. Sumiya, Sakahisa Nagai, H. Fujimoto, Masanori Sato
Embedded coils into road pavement are applied to dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) that coil arrangement is different from static WPT system. Contamination easily enters the road pavement between the coils. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the effect of contamination on the efficiency of DWPT. Coil parameters and theoretical efficiency have been evaluated by an LCR meter. Furthermore, WPT system efficiency has been evaluated by a power transmission experiment. Iron sand, which is the effective contamination in road construction, affects coil parameters causing a 0.14% reduction of maximum efficiency. Moreover, remained seawater and rainwater decrease the AC-to-AC efficiency by 0.93% and 0.6%, respectively. In addition, remained waters change the resonance frequency of the system.
{"title":"Influence of Contamination Between Receiver Coil and Embedded Transmitter Coil for Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer System","authors":"Zhe Feng, O. Shimizu, H. Sumiya, Sakahisa Nagai, H. Fujimoto, Masanori Sato","doi":"10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462881","url":null,"abstract":"Embedded coils into road pavement are applied to dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) that coil arrangement is different from static WPT system. Contamination easily enters the road pavement between the coils. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the effect of contamination on the efficiency of DWPT. Coil parameters and theoretical efficiency have been evaluated by an LCR meter. Furthermore, WPT system efficiency has been evaluated by a power transmission experiment. Iron sand, which is the effective contamination in road construction, affects coil parameters causing a 0.14% reduction of maximum efficiency. Moreover, remained seawater and rainwater decrease the AC-to-AC efficiency by 0.93% and 0.6%, respectively. In addition, remained waters change the resonance frequency of the system.","PeriodicalId":142939,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer (WoW)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132383014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462884
R. Aubakirov, A. Danilov
Geometric optimization of the coils takes important part in the design of the inductive powering systems. This paper presents the evaluation of the geometry of the coils integrated in the two different inductive powering systems, with series-series (SS) and series-parallel (SP) compensation circuits. The both systems are designed in order to provide 1±0.1 W to the 20 Ohm load at the distance equal to the 10 mm and in the presence of lateral displacements in the range 0…30 mm. Operating frequency was 880 kHz. The receiving coils were identical for the both systems. The transmitting coils have the same inner and outer radii, 30 mm and 27 mm respectively. At the same time, the turns numbers differs notably. It was significantly higher for SS system (16 instead of 5). Consequently, the transmitting coil for the SS-system have much higher self-inductance. It was found that the output characteristics of the both systems as a function of the lateral displacement are almost the same. On the other hand, the swap of the coils couple between systems change the output characteristic dramatically.
{"title":"Difference in geometrically optimized wireless power transmission systems with SS and SP compensations","authors":"R. Aubakirov, A. Danilov","doi":"10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462884","url":null,"abstract":"Geometric optimization of the coils takes important part in the design of the inductive powering systems. This paper presents the evaluation of the geometry of the coils integrated in the two different inductive powering systems, with series-series (SS) and series-parallel (SP) compensation circuits. The both systems are designed in order to provide 1±0.1 W to the 20 Ohm load at the distance equal to the 10 mm and in the presence of lateral displacements in the range 0…30 mm. Operating frequency was 880 kHz. The receiving coils were identical for the both systems. The transmitting coils have the same inner and outer radii, 30 mm and 27 mm respectively. At the same time, the turns numbers differs notably. It was significantly higher for SS system (16 instead of 5). Consequently, the transmitting coil for the SS-system have much higher self-inductance. It was found that the output characteristics of the both systems as a function of the lateral displacement are almost the same. On the other hand, the swap of the coils couple between systems change the output characteristic dramatically.","PeriodicalId":142939,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer (WoW)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114237307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462873
Lifang Yi, Jinyeong Moon
Matching networks are important for capacitive wireless power transfer (CWPT) systems as they provide necessary voltage gain and impedance compensation. The voltages across coupling capacitors greatly affect the transmitted power and efficiency. This paper introduces a method to design double-sided LC matching networks for the CWPT system. The ratio of the voltage across the primary side to the voltage across the secondary side is discussed to realize the required transmitted power and optimize the efficiency of the matching networks. The requirement of zero-voltage switching (ZVS) of the inverter stage is satisfied based on the impedance analysis of the matching networks. The design process is developed based on the mathematical model and verified in simulation for a 1kW CWPT system at 6.78MHz.
{"title":"Design of Efficient Double-Sided LC Matching Networks for Capacitive Wireless Power Transfer System","authors":"Lifang Yi, Jinyeong Moon","doi":"10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462873","url":null,"abstract":"Matching networks are important for capacitive wireless power transfer (CWPT) systems as they provide necessary voltage gain and impedance compensation. The voltages across coupling capacitors greatly affect the transmitted power and efficiency. This paper introduces a method to design double-sided LC matching networks for the CWPT system. The ratio of the voltage across the primary side to the voltage across the secondary side is discussed to realize the required transmitted power and optimize the efficiency of the matching networks. The requirement of zero-voltage switching (ZVS) of the inverter stage is satisfied based on the impedance analysis of the matching networks. The design process is developed based on the mathematical model and verified in simulation for a 1kW CWPT system at 6.78MHz.","PeriodicalId":142939,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer (WoW)","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124638588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462859
Suziana Ahmad, R. Hattori, A. Muharam, Anyu Uezu
Capacitive power transfer (CPT) offers power transfer between transmitter and receiver by using plates. This work purposes to model, analyze and design a CPT system for shielded capacitive power transfer (S-CPT) by inductance consideration. The inductance in S-CPT contributes to the power loss and the overall system’s size and weight. Total impedance with analytical approach is utilized to analyze the S-CPT system by using Matlab software. The proposed S-CPT topology is designed with operating frequency of 6.78 MHz for 5W. Both simulation and experimental are demonstrated for the S-CPT system.
{"title":"Preliminary Design by Modeling S-CPT System With Inductance Consideration","authors":"Suziana Ahmad, R. Hattori, A. Muharam, Anyu Uezu","doi":"10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462859","url":null,"abstract":"Capacitive power transfer (CPT) offers power transfer between transmitter and receiver by using plates. This work purposes to model, analyze and design a CPT system for shielded capacitive power transfer (S-CPT) by inductance consideration. The inductance in S-CPT contributes to the power loss and the overall system’s size and weight. Total impedance with analytical approach is utilized to analyze the S-CPT system by using Matlab software. The proposed S-CPT topology is designed with operating frequency of 6.78 MHz for 5W. Both simulation and experimental are demonstrated for the S-CPT system.","PeriodicalId":142939,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer (WoW)","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122145352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/wow51332.2021.9462876
{"title":"Author Index: WoW 2021","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/wow51332.2021.9462876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/wow51332.2021.9462876","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142939,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer (WoW)","volume":"225 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120866371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462877
Jonathan Dean, M. Coultis, C. W. van Neste
Sensors are a major component of any automated system. In particular, wireless monitoring of sensors has become increasingly important to reduce the complexity and electrical points of failure as the number of sensors in a system increase. Wireless communication has provided a more scalable approach as compared to serial communication, eliminating the wires that would be used for data monitoring. Similarly, wireless or quasi-wireless power transfer approaches can help reduce the complexity and points of failure when powering these devices. In this paper, we present wireless and quasi-wireless methods for resonant capacitive power transfer that can be used in a system to power Internet of Things (IoT) and sensor monitoring devices.
{"title":"Wireless Sensor Node Powered by Unipolar Resonant Capacitive Power Transfer","authors":"Jonathan Dean, M. Coultis, C. W. van Neste","doi":"10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WoW51332.2021.9462877","url":null,"abstract":"Sensors are a major component of any automated system. In particular, wireless monitoring of sensors has become increasingly important to reduce the complexity and electrical points of failure as the number of sensors in a system increase. Wireless communication has provided a more scalable approach as compared to serial communication, eliminating the wires that would be used for data monitoring. Similarly, wireless or quasi-wireless power transfer approaches can help reduce the complexity and points of failure when powering these devices. In this paper, we present wireless and quasi-wireless methods for resonant capacitive power transfer that can be used in a system to power Internet of Things (IoT) and sensor monitoring devices.","PeriodicalId":142939,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies: Wireless Power Transfer (WoW)","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116724365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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