This study investigates analysis and feasibility of 50 kWp self-consumption photovoltaic system used for supplying the electrical load of military bases in Senegal. It refers to a simulation of performance photovoltaic system in four Senegalese typical climatic zones. In constructing the 50 kWp self-consumption photovoltaic simulation, the number of modules is 144, the power of each module is 280 Wp, 18 modules are in series and 8 in strings. Also, two solar SMA technology of 20 kWp with a voltage range of 230 to 800 V are used, and the simulation is done by means of Pvsyst software 6.81. Solar and ambient temperature data sets from Helioclim-3 database corrected by observations are used for this performance study. The variability of performance system in the four climate typical zones are analyzed from the simulations results. This work includes evaluation of the effective energy produced by the photovoltaic system, consumption and other components related to PV production for each climatic region. The 50 kWp PV array of electricity produced at Dakar (69.8 MWh/year), St Louis (64.9 MWh/year), Tambacounda (62.7 MWh/year) and Ziguinchor (59.3 MWh/year) is entirely self-consumed. The annual performance ratio are 0.796 at Dakar, 0.795 at St Louis, 0.775 at Tambacounda and 0.792 at Ziguinchor. The results obtained follow the variability of the solar resource. This variability is often impacted by the effect of temperature and other local climatic conditions such as the number of aerosols and the diversity of seasons. The solar radiation is more important at St Louis than at Dakar but the Dakar region is less impacted by these factors, making the results more important at Dakar. As for the Tambacounda and Ziguinchor regions, the solar resource is less important, likely due to effect of elevated PV panel temperatures and a longer rainy season in these two zones. To know the magnitude of a solar photovoltaic installation, it is good to size for each locality to be able to deduce a larger production. Key words: Self-consumption, Pvsyst software, climatic zones, Helioclim-3, performance ratio.
{"title":"Analysis and feasibility of 50 kWp self-consumption solar photovoltaic system for four Senegalese typical climatic zones using PVsyst software","authors":"Adama Sarr, C. F. Kébé, Ababacar Ndiaye","doi":"10.5897/IJPS2020.4916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS2020.4916","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates analysis and feasibility of 50 kWp self-consumption photovoltaic system used for supplying the electrical load of military bases in Senegal. It refers to a simulation of performance photovoltaic system in four Senegalese typical climatic zones. In constructing the 50 kWp self-consumption photovoltaic simulation, the number of modules is 144, the power of each module is 280 Wp, 18 modules are in series and 8 in strings. Also, two solar SMA technology of 20 kWp with a voltage range of 230 to 800 V are used, and the simulation is done by means of Pvsyst software 6.81. Solar and ambient temperature data sets from Helioclim-3 database corrected by observations are used for this performance study. The variability of performance system in the four climate typical zones are analyzed from the simulations results. This work includes evaluation of the effective energy produced by the photovoltaic system, consumption and other components related to PV production for each climatic region. The 50 kWp PV array of electricity produced at Dakar (69.8 MWh/year), St Louis (64.9 MWh/year), Tambacounda (62.7 MWh/year) and Ziguinchor (59.3 MWh/year) is entirely self-consumed. The annual performance ratio are 0.796 at Dakar, 0.795 at St Louis, 0.775 at Tambacounda and 0.792 at Ziguinchor. The results obtained follow the variability of the solar resource. This variability is often impacted by the effect of temperature and other local climatic conditions such as the number of aerosols and the diversity of seasons. The solar radiation is more important at St Louis than at Dakar but the Dakar region is less impacted by these factors, making the results more important at Dakar. As for the Tambacounda and Ziguinchor regions, the solar resource is less important, likely due to effect of elevated PV panel temperatures and a longer rainy season in these two zones. To know the magnitude of a solar photovoltaic installation, it is good to size for each locality to be able to deduce a larger production. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Self-consumption, Pvsyst software, climatic zones, Helioclim-3, performance ratio.","PeriodicalId":14294,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"201-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89162940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Collenn Callanga, Carl Agustin Alegrado, Kathleen Hurano, Gwen Stefani Tenio, P. Velarde, C. M. Galon
Senate Report recorded last 2013 show that tropical storms and floods are the principal disasters with 102 and 72 occurrences, respectively. Distinctly, flood is still one of the biggest problems of the country. Statistics shows that 31.9% of the natural disasters, which occur in the Philippines in the years 1990-2014, are attributed to flood related episodes with a mortality rate of 5.9%. The researchers seek to approach non-structural measures to mitigate flooding problems of the country, specifically creating flood warning systems and to conduct several experiments testing the effectivity and efficiency of the flood warning system. This paper also aims to confront the century long problem of flooding and address the lack of real time flood warning system, thus reducing the loss of lives and damage to property; and to determine the effectiveness of the design of the river warning system in giving real time river water level updates. Results show that it works better if in contact with river waters than tap water. The device is audible in all distances at average ambient sound level of 50 to 60 decibels. Hence, the device is efficient in giving off sound alarms when deployed in different river systems. Key words: River water level sensor, river flood warning system, river flood alarm system.
{"title":"River water lever sensor as river flood warning system","authors":"Collenn Callanga, Carl Agustin Alegrado, Kathleen Hurano, Gwen Stefani Tenio, P. Velarde, C. M. Galon","doi":"10.5897/ijps2020.4866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ijps2020.4866","url":null,"abstract":"Senate Report recorded last 2013 show that tropical storms and floods are the principal disasters with 102 and 72 occurrences, respectively. Distinctly, flood is still one of the biggest problems of the country. Statistics shows that 31.9% of the natural disasters, which occur in the Philippines in the years 1990-2014, are attributed to flood related episodes with a mortality rate of 5.9%. The researchers seek to approach non-structural measures to mitigate flooding problems of the country, specifically creating flood warning systems and to conduct several experiments testing the effectivity and efficiency of the flood warning system. This paper also aims to confront the century long problem of flooding and address the lack of real time flood warning system, thus reducing the loss of lives and damage to property; and to determine the effectiveness of the design of the river warning system in giving real time river water level updates. Results show that it works better if in contact with river waters than tap water. The device is audible in all distances at average ambient sound level of 50 to 60 decibels. Hence, the device is efficient in giving off sound alarms when deployed in different river systems. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: River water level sensor, river flood warning system, river flood alarm system.","PeriodicalId":14294,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"138-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81389664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Butembu Sabastine, Osamong Gideon Akou, Kamweru Paul Kuria, Gichumbi Joel Mwangi, N. Francis
In this work, Zn1-xCoFe2AlxO4 (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) ferrites were synthesized using the sol-gel method. XRD analysis was done and confirmed the formation of spinel structure, where the particle size and lattice parameter decrease with increase of aluminum concentration. This may be attributed to a shift of the bigger Al3+ ions, from the tetrahedral to the octahedral sites, interchanging with smaller Zn2+ ions and that consequently result to a decreased unit cell size. The Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy (SKPM) showed that the work function average ranges between 200 and 680 mV for the different concentration of aluminum in the samples. Fractural analysis indicated a small fracture between the samples of different ratios which can be attributed to the method used to prepare as well as the shifting of the Al3+ ions. The UV-vis spectroscopy showed variation of energy gap with increasing aluminum concentration, and an increased optical absorbance as the Al3+ ions were introduced in the samples. Key words: Scanning kelvins probe microscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, work function, and absorbance.
{"title":"Optical and scanning kelvin probe microscopic characterization of sol-gel synthesized aluminum doped zinc cobalt ferrite nanoparticles","authors":"Butembu Sabastine, Osamong Gideon Akou, Kamweru Paul Kuria, Gichumbi Joel Mwangi, N. Francis","doi":"10.5897/ijps2020.4894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ijps2020.4894","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, Zn1-xCoFe2AlxO4 (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) ferrites were synthesized using the sol-gel method. XRD analysis was done and confirmed the formation of spinel structure, where the particle size and lattice parameter decrease with increase of aluminum concentration. This may be attributed to a shift of the bigger Al3+ ions, from the tetrahedral to the octahedral sites, interchanging with smaller Zn2+ ions and that consequently result to a decreased unit cell size. The Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy (SKPM) showed that the work function average ranges between 200 and 680 mV for the different concentration of aluminum in the samples. Fractural analysis indicated a small fracture between the samples of different ratios which can be attributed to the method used to prepare as well as the shifting of the Al3+ ions. The UV-vis spectroscopy showed variation of energy gap with increasing aluminum concentration, and an increased optical absorbance as the Al3+ ions were introduced in the samples. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Scanning kelvins probe microscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, work function, and absorbance.","PeriodicalId":14294,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"151-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73309065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sibri Alphonse Sandwidi, D. A. Gnabahou, F. Ouattara
This study deals with comparison between Dakar station ionospheric’s F2 layer critical frequency (foF2) data and the two subroutines (CCIR and URSI) of IRI-2016 model predictions. Comparisons are made for very quiet geomagnetic activity during the four phases of the solar cycles 21 and 22 (minimum, increasing, maximum and decreasing). Model's predictions are suitable with observed data by day than by night. The accuracy is better during increasing phase and poor during the other solar cycle phases. During minimum, maximum and decreasing solar phases, both model subroutines do not express the signature of E×B and on other hand they express an intense counter-electrojet instead of a medium intensity electrojet. Key words: Solar cycle, geomagnetic quiet activity, ionosphere electrodynamic phenomena, IRI-2016 model prediction.
{"title":"Fof2 prediction with IRI-2016 at Dakar Station during quiet activity over solar cycles 21 and 22","authors":"Sibri Alphonse Sandwidi, D. A. Gnabahou, F. Ouattara","doi":"10.5897/IJPS2020.4906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS2020.4906","url":null,"abstract":"This study deals with comparison between Dakar station ionospheric’s F2 layer critical frequency (foF2) data and the two subroutines (CCIR and URSI) of IRI-2016 model predictions. Comparisons are made for very quiet geomagnetic activity during the four phases of the solar cycles 21 and 22 (minimum, increasing, maximum and decreasing). Model's predictions are suitable with observed data by day than by night. The accuracy is better during increasing phase and poor during the other solar cycle phases. During minimum, maximum and decreasing solar phases, both model subroutines do not express the signature of E×B and on other hand they express an intense counter-electrojet instead of a medium intensity electrojet. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Solar cycle, geomagnetic quiet activity, ionosphere electrodynamic phenomena, IRI-2016 model prediction.","PeriodicalId":14294,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":"194-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80006647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chukwuebuka Stephen Ejimofor, E. Okoro, W. T. Sivla
This study examines the effects of elevated humidity on stratospheric ozone content in the tropics, a case study of Nigeria. The specific stations in Nigeria studied with their co-ordinate include Makurdi (7.7°N 8.5°E), Maiduguri (11.9°N 13.2°E), Kano (12.0°N 8.5°E), Port-Harcourt (4.9°N 7.0°E) and Lagos (6.5°N 3.4°E). Using monthly mean stratospheric ozone data from Earth Probe Total Ozone Mass Spectroscopy (EPTOMS) together with humidity and temperature data from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET), studies were carried out over the five stations for a period of fifteen years (1998-2012). The results show that elevated humidity cools the stratosphere, slowing down the rate of chemical reactions that destroy ozone, thereby resulting to more ozone amount. Ozone variation is latitude dependent with more variations in station observed in the north. Using Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient analysis, it was equally observed that ozone and temperature are strongly anti-correlated in Port Harcourt, Makurdi and Lagos stations (r = -0.8531, -0.7832, and -0.8759, respectively); and positively correlated in Maiduguri and Kano stations (r = 0.3776 and 0.4965, respectively). The positive correlation may be attributed to the high dehydration of water vapor in those stations. Results also revealed that ozone and humidity are positively correlated (r = 0.9073, 0.9021, 0.7133, 0.7552, and 0.7692), for Port Harcourt, Makurdi, Maiduguri, Lagos, and Kano. Both ozone and humidity attain maximum during wet season and minimum during the dry season in Nigeria. The implication of more humidity in the wet season is due to the evaporation of raindrops and surface puddles. The implication of more ozone concentration in the wet season may be attributed to the transportation of ozone from the influence of Brewer-Dobson Circulation (BDC). Again it was found out that temperature and humidity are negatively correlated. Consequently, our findings show that, at elevated humidity, the surface temperature is low with more stratospheric ozone content. Key words: Humidity, stratospheric ozone, temperature, rainfall.
{"title":"Effects of elevated humidity on stratospheric ozone content in the tropics","authors":"Chukwuebuka Stephen Ejimofor, E. Okoro, W. T. Sivla","doi":"10.5897/IJPS2020.4904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/IJPS2020.4904","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the effects of elevated humidity on stratospheric ozone content in the tropics, a case study of Nigeria. The specific stations in Nigeria studied with their co-ordinate include Makurdi (7.7°N 8.5°E), Maiduguri (11.9°N 13.2°E), Kano (12.0°N 8.5°E), Port-Harcourt (4.9°N 7.0°E) and Lagos (6.5°N 3.4°E). Using monthly mean stratospheric ozone data from Earth Probe Total Ozone Mass Spectroscopy (EPTOMS) together with humidity and temperature data from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET), studies were carried out over the five stations for a period of fifteen years (1998-2012). The results show that elevated humidity cools the stratosphere, slowing down the rate of chemical reactions that destroy ozone, thereby resulting to more ozone amount. Ozone variation is latitude dependent with more variations in station observed in the north. Using Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient analysis, it was equally observed that ozone and temperature are strongly anti-correlated in Port Harcourt, Makurdi and Lagos stations (r = -0.8531, -0.7832, and -0.8759, respectively); and positively correlated in Maiduguri and Kano stations (r = 0.3776 and 0.4965, respectively). The positive correlation may be attributed to the high dehydration of water vapor in those stations. Results also revealed that ozone and humidity are positively correlated (r = 0.9073, 0.9021, 0.7133, 0.7552, and 0.7692), for Port Harcourt, Makurdi, Maiduguri, Lagos, and Kano. Both ozone and humidity attain maximum during wet season and minimum during the dry season in Nigeria. The implication of more humidity in the wet season is due to the evaporation of raindrops and surface puddles. The implication of more ozone concentration in the wet season may be attributed to the transportation of ozone from the influence of Brewer-Dobson Circulation (BDC). Again it was found out that temperature and humidity are negatively correlated. Consequently, our findings show that, at elevated humidity, the surface temperature is low with more stratospheric ozone content. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Humidity, stratospheric ozone, temperature, rainfall.","PeriodicalId":14294,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"182-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78219935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The anaerobic states of the modified bio-digester and potentials of the generated biogas in cooking foods were evaluated. The study adopted experimental design. Data generated were analyzed using one - way analysis of variance and independent t-test. Carbon, free fatty acid, chemical and biochemical oxygen demand decreased significantly (p 0.05) effect on the proximate and sensory characteristics of foods when compared with the foods cooked with liquefied natural gas and kerosene. Key words: Bio-degradation, food waste, cowdung, microorganisms, yam peel.
{"title":"Modification of plastic tank for bio-digestion of food wastes for biogas generation for cooking foods","authors":"C. Nwankwo, Francis Chigozie Okoyeuzu","doi":"10.5897/ijps2020.4892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ijps2020.4892","url":null,"abstract":"The anaerobic states of the modified bio-digester and potentials of the generated biogas in cooking foods were evaluated. The study adopted experimental design. Data generated were analyzed using one - way analysis of variance and independent t-test. Carbon, free fatty acid, chemical and biochemical oxygen demand decreased significantly (p 0.05) effect on the proximate and sensory characteristics of foods when compared with the foods cooked with liquefied natural gas and kerosene. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Bio-degradation, food waste, cowdung, microorganisms, yam peel.","PeriodicalId":14294,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"461 1","pages":"162-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82975472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Hosseini, R. Paymanfar, T. Afshari, S. S. Hosseini
The aim of this study was enhanced the absorption of electromagnetic waves by nanocomposite containing polyaniline (PANI), functionalized multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the presence of magnetic Ba0.2Sr0.2La0.6MnO3 nanoparticles (NPs). At First MWCNTs was functionalized by 3:1 ratio of sulfuric and nitric acid, then functionalized MWCNTs was coated by NPs with the traditional sol-gel method. In the final step, MWCNTs/NPs covered by PANI with an in situ polymerization in an aqueous solution. FESEM, XRD, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), FTIR analysis was confirmed NPs synthesis in appropriate size and shape and functionalized MWCNTs was coated with NPs and PANI synthesized by correct chemical formula covered all of them, too. The maximum reflection loss of the Ba0.2Sr0.2La0.6MnO3 NPs and MWCNT/Ba0.2Sr0.2La0.6MnO3 were about -12.04dB at 14.82 GHz and -22.36 dB at 14.78GHz with a bandwidth of 2.67GHz (more than –10dB). The conclusion indicated we could good microwave shielding in KU-band (12-18 GHz) by these nanocomposites. Key words: Multiwall carbon nanotube, microwave absorption, magnetic nanoparticles, polyaniline.
{"title":"Preparation of MWCNT/Ba0.2Sr0.2La0.6MnO3/PANI nanocomposites and investigation of its electromagnetic properties in KU-band","authors":"S. Hosseini, R. Paymanfar, T. Afshari, S. S. Hosseini","doi":"10.5897/ijps2020.4908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ijps2020.4908","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was enhanced the absorption of electromagnetic waves by nanocomposite containing polyaniline (PANI), functionalized multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the presence of magnetic Ba0.2Sr0.2La0.6MnO3 nanoparticles (NPs). At First MWCNTs was functionalized by 3:1 ratio of sulfuric and nitric acid, then functionalized MWCNTs was coated by NPs with the traditional sol-gel method. In the final step, MWCNTs/NPs covered by PANI with an in situ polymerization in an aqueous solution. FESEM, XRD, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), FTIR analysis was confirmed NPs synthesis in appropriate size and shape and functionalized MWCNTs was coated with NPs and PANI synthesized by correct chemical formula covered all of them, too. The maximum reflection loss of the Ba0.2Sr0.2La0.6MnO3 NPs and MWCNT/Ba0.2Sr0.2La0.6MnO3 were about -12.04dB at 14.82 GHz and -22.36 dB at 14.78GHz with a bandwidth of 2.67GHz (more than –10dB). The conclusion indicated we could good microwave shielding in KU-band (12-18 GHz) by these nanocomposites. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Multiwall carbon nanotube, microwave absorption, magnetic nanoparticles, polyaniline.","PeriodicalId":14294,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"171-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74341115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Variations of equatorial electrojet (EEJ) in six Magnetic Data Acquisition System (MAGDAS) stations (four stations within the magnetic equator region and two stations outside the region) on the 210oMagnetic Meridian (MM) chain were examined. Data of hourly values of horizontal component of magnetic field, H in the year 2007 for Cooktown (CKT), Amami-oh-Shima (AMA), Davao (DAV), Langkawi (LKW), Yap- Island (YAP) and Cebu (CEB) were used in the study. The electrojet current was studied using both the estimation method and Fambitakoye simulation model to determine the correlation between their results. The strength of equatorial electrojet in the stations were estimated with respect to Cooktown (CKT; 15.48°N, 145.25°E), a station located outside the electrojet region. The maximum electrojet strength was observed in the month of March in Davao (DAV), Cebu (CEB) and Langkawi (LKW) with values of 107.5, 88.5 and 64.08 nT, respectively. The model simulation of EEJ current presents maximum values of 237.9, 207 and 160 nT in DAV, CEB and LKW, respectively in the same month. This result establishes a similarity in the performance of the methods but with higher values in the model performance. A linear correlation analysis between them showed average correlation coefficient values of 0.81 in Yap-Island (YAP), 0.84 in LKW, 0.6 in DAV and 0.54 in CEB. The data also show variability in EEJ, with results showing higher EEJ current magnitude for stations closer to the dip equator. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was carried out to determine the suitability of the model for in the four seasons for each station. Result shows that the model performed better for March equinox in Cebu (3.58) and Yap-Island (5.97), December solstice (8.96) and September equinox in Davao and Langkawi (6.55), respectively. Key words: Equatorial electrojet, dip equator, magnetic data acquisition system (MAGDAS), Fambitakoye model, E-region, solar quiet.
研究了210磁午线(MM)链上6个磁数据采集系统(MAGDAS)台站(磁赤道区内4个台站，磁赤道区外2个台站)赤道电喷流(EEJ)的变化规律。利用2007年库克敦(CKT)、麻美五岛(AMA)、达沃(DAV)、兰卡威(LKW)、雅浦岛(Yap)和宿务(CEB)的逐时磁场水平分量H数据进行研究。利用估算方法和Fambitakoye仿真模型对电射流电流进行了研究，确定了两者结果之间的相关性。对各台站的赤道电急流强度进行了估计。15.48°N, 145.25°E)，一个站位于电喷区域之外。3月份，达沃(DAV)、宿务(CEB)和兰卡威(LKW)电喷强度最大，分别为107.5、88.5和64.08 nT。模型模拟的EEJ电流在同月DAV、CEB和LKW分别达到最大值237.9、207和160 nT。这一结果建立了方法性能上的相似性，但在模型性能上具有更高的值。线性相关分析表明，YAP - island (YAP)、LKW、DAV和CEB的平均相关系数分别为0.81、0.84、0.6和0.54。数据还显示了EEJ的变异性，结果显示，靠近倾角赤道的台站的EEJ电流强度更高。利用均方根误差(RMSE)确定模型在四个季节对每个站点的适用性。结果表明，该模型在宿务3月分(3.58)和雅浦岛(5.97)、达沃12月至(8.96)和兰卡威9月分(6.55)分别表现较好。关键词:赤道电喷流，倾斜赤道，磁数据采集系统(MAGDAS)， Fambitakoye模型，e区，太阳安静
{"title":"Variations in equatorial electrojet current along the 210MM chain: A comparison of two approaches","authors":"A. Idowu, I. Adimula, B. O. Adebesin","doi":"10.5897/ijps2020.4893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ijps2020.4893","url":null,"abstract":"Variations of equatorial electrojet (EEJ) in six Magnetic Data Acquisition System (MAGDAS) stations (four stations within the magnetic equator region and two stations outside the region) on the 210oMagnetic Meridian (MM) chain were examined. Data of hourly values of horizontal component of magnetic field, H in the year 2007 for Cooktown (CKT), Amami-oh-Shima (AMA), Davao (DAV), Langkawi (LKW), Yap- Island (YAP) and Cebu (CEB) were used in the study. The electrojet current was studied using both the estimation method and Fambitakoye simulation model to determine the correlation between their results. The strength of equatorial electrojet in the stations were estimated with respect to Cooktown (CKT; 15.48°N, 145.25°E), a station located outside the electrojet region. The maximum electrojet strength was observed in the month of March in Davao (DAV), Cebu (CEB) and Langkawi (LKW) with values of 107.5, 88.5 and 64.08 nT, respectively. The model simulation of EEJ current presents maximum values of 237.9, 207 and 160 nT in DAV, CEB and LKW, respectively in the same month. This result establishes a similarity in the performance of the methods but with higher values in the model performance. A linear correlation analysis between them showed average correlation coefficient values of 0.81 in Yap-Island (YAP), 0.84 in LKW, 0.6 in DAV and 0.54 in CEB. The data also show variability in EEJ, with results showing higher EEJ current magnitude for stations closer to the dip equator. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was carried out to determine the suitability of the model for in the four seasons for each station. Result shows that the model performed better for March equinox in Cebu (3.58) and Yap-Island (5.97), December solstice (8.96) and September equinox in Davao and Langkawi (6.55), respectively. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Equatorial electrojet, dip equator, magnetic data acquisition system (MAGDAS), Fambitakoye model, E-region, solar quiet.","PeriodicalId":14294,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"120-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75198174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Maurice, K. Dorothy, O. O. Evance, M. Stephen, N. M. Karen, W. Evans
This research was conducted with the aim of mapping the extent of soil and ground water hydrocarbon contamination from an oil pipeline leak point within the area. An integrated geophysical survey approach involving horizontal electrical profiling (HEP), vertical electrical sounding (VES) and Gravity Survey was applied. Resistivity and gravity lows were identified as aquifer zones confined within basalts and potential migration zones of Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (LNAPL’s). An integration of the geophysical findings showed two potential migration paths: one trending (SW-NE) and the other (NE-SW) both influenced by geologic factors. Key words: Resistivity, horizontal electrical profiling (HEP), vertical electrical sounding (VES), hydrocarbons, gravity, light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPL’s).
{"title":"Application of integrated geophysical methods in environmental studies: A case study of oil spillage in Thange Area Makueni County, Kenya","authors":"O. Maurice, K. Dorothy, O. O. Evance, M. Stephen, N. M. Karen, W. Evans","doi":"10.5897/ijps2018.4745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ijps2018.4745","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted with the aim of mapping the extent of soil and ground water hydrocarbon contamination from an oil pipeline leak point within the area. An integrated geophysical survey approach involving horizontal electrical profiling (HEP), vertical electrical sounding (VES) and Gravity Survey was applied. Resistivity and gravity lows were identified as aquifer zones confined within basalts and potential migration zones of Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (LNAPL’s). An integration of the geophysical findings showed two potential migration paths: one trending (SW-NE) and the other (NE-SW) both influenced by geologic factors. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Resistivity, horizontal electrical profiling (HEP), vertical electrical sounding (VES), hydrocarbons, gravity, light non-aqueous phase liquids (LNAPL’s).","PeriodicalId":14294,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79417460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emmanuel Nan ema, Christian Zoundi, Amadou Ousseini Kotia, F. Ouattara
Ionosphere region is the part of atmosphere layer where radio waves reflect for telecommunication. This is due to its composition in particles. Solar radiation hit particles in ionosphere. This phenomenon causes an ionization of particles in the ionosphere. According to the particles density in this region, radio waves emitted in telecommunication can pass through this region or be reflected. The ionization of ionosphere depends on solar cycle phase, season, and local time that are all closely linked to solar activity. Many models are developed to carry out ionosphere parameters. They are all focused to find a better approach of ionosphere behavior. The present study uses Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) to investigate ionosphere region, during solar maximum and minimum phases. The critical frequency of F2-layer (foF2) and the total electron content (TEC) parameters are carried out by running the model. The values of the parameters are represented on a three-axis graph to give an overview of their time profiles. The seasonal and annual results obtained from this study show a good correlation between TIEGCM and International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model predictions in the same conditions. The study confirms that particles density in ionosphere behaves as an obstacle for waves transmission. During solar maximum, characterized by a high solar activity, ionization of ionosphere is higher than that at solar minimum. This is similar to what is observed between nighttime and daytime. The study also highlights the “winter anomaly” phenomenon. Key words: Thermosphere-Ionosphere-electrodynamics general circulation model (TIEGCM), international reference ionosphere (IRI), solar cycle phase, solar activity, critical frequency of F2-layer (foF2), total electron content (TEC).
{"title":"Simulating ionosphere parameters by thermosphere-ionosphere-electrodynamics general circulation model","authors":"Emmanuel Nan ema, Christian Zoundi, Amadou Ousseini Kotia, F. Ouattara","doi":"10.5897/ijps2020.4889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/ijps2020.4889","url":null,"abstract":"Ionosphere region is the part of atmosphere layer where radio waves reflect for telecommunication. This is due to its composition in particles. Solar radiation hit particles in ionosphere. This phenomenon causes an ionization of particles in the ionosphere. According to the particles density in this region, radio waves emitted in telecommunication can pass through this region or be reflected. The ionization of ionosphere depends on solar cycle phase, season, and local time that are all closely linked to solar activity. Many models are developed to carry out ionosphere parameters. They are all focused to find a better approach of ionosphere behavior. The present study uses Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) to investigate ionosphere region, during solar maximum and minimum phases. The critical frequency of F2-layer (foF2) and the total electron content (TEC) parameters are carried out by running the model. The values of the parameters are represented on a three-axis graph to give an overview of their time profiles. The seasonal and annual results obtained from this study show a good correlation between TIEGCM and International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model predictions in the same conditions. The study confirms that particles density in ionosphere behaves as an obstacle for waves transmission. During solar maximum, characterized by a high solar activity, ionization of ionosphere is higher than that at solar minimum. This is similar to what is observed between nighttime and daytime. The study also highlights the “winter anomaly” phenomenon. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Thermosphere-Ionosphere-electrodynamics general circulation model (TIEGCM), international reference ionosphere (IRI), solar cycle phase, solar activity, critical frequency of F2-layer (foF2), total electron content (TEC).","PeriodicalId":14294,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Physical Sciences","volume":"141 1","pages":"106-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86197848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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