Dionissi Aliprantis, Hal Martin, Kristen N. Tauber
There is currently interest in crafting public housing policy that combats, rather than contributes to, the residential segregation in American cities. One such policy is the Housing Mobility Program (HMP), which aims to help people move from disinvested neighborhoods to ones with more opportunities. This paper studies how design features influence the success of HMPs in reducing racial segregation. We find that the choice of neighborhood opportunity index used to define the opportunity areas to which participants are encouraged to move has limited influence on HMP success. In contrast, we find that three design features have large effects on HMP success: 1) whether the geographic scope is confined to the central city or is implemented as a metro-level partnership; 2) whether the eligibility criteria are race-based, race-conscious, or race-neutral; 3) whether tenant counseling, tenant search assistance, and landlord outreach are successful in relaxing rental housing supply constraints.
{"title":"What Determines the Success of Housing Mobility Programs?","authors":"Dionissi Aliprantis, Hal Martin, Kristen N. Tauber","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3737041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3737041","url":null,"abstract":"There is currently interest in crafting public housing policy that combats, rather than contributes to, the residential segregation in American cities. One such policy is the Housing Mobility Program (HMP), which aims to help people move from disinvested neighborhoods to ones with more opportunities. This paper studies how design features influence the success of HMPs in reducing racial segregation. We find that the choice of neighborhood opportunity index used to define the opportunity areas to which participants are encouraged to move has limited influence on HMP success. In contrast, we find that three design features have large effects on HMP success: 1) whether the geographic scope is confined to the central city or is implemented as a metro-level partnership; 2) whether the eligibility criteria are race-based, race-conscious, or race-neutral; 3) whether tenant counseling, tenant search assistance, and landlord outreach are successful in relaxing rental housing supply constraints.","PeriodicalId":143058,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Microeconometric Studies of Health","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131622625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-17DOI: 10.15520/ijcrr.v11i11.860
Prathamesh Muzumdar, Ganga Prasad Basyal, P. Vyas
Today university and college rankings are the major determinants influencing the enrollment decision of the current student. Universities improving on certain aspects are found to retain a majority of freshman students despite the university tier status. These aspects are seen to determine a student’s retention, which eventually helps the university to attend a higher tier status. The study tries to evaluate the aspects which primarily influence the future enrollment decision, thereby resulting in retaining the student. The evaluated aspects deal with the intrinsic factors responsible to support the academic tenure of a current student. The aspects, mainly revolve around the factors like peer effectiveness, academic progress, and academic advising out of which academic advising is a controlled variable addressed by the university administration. Two other variables are seen to indirectly be controlled by the administration. In the initial stage principal component analysis is used to identify the factors, followed by multiple regression analysis to determine the influence of each factor on the likelihood of retention. To validate the facts logistic regression analysis is used to verify the same factors that influence the actual retention of the student.
{"title":"Antecedents of Student Retention: A Predictive Modelling Approach","authors":"Prathamesh Muzumdar, Ganga Prasad Basyal, P. Vyas","doi":"10.15520/ijcrr.v11i11.860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15520/ijcrr.v11i11.860","url":null,"abstract":"Today university and college rankings are the major determinants influencing the enrollment decision of the current student. Universities improving on certain aspects are found to retain a majority of freshman students despite the university tier status. These aspects are seen to determine a student’s retention, which eventually helps the university to attend a higher tier status. The study tries to evaluate the aspects which primarily influence the future enrollment decision, thereby resulting in retaining the student. The evaluated aspects deal with the intrinsic factors responsible to support the academic tenure of a current student. The aspects, mainly revolve around the factors like peer effectiveness, academic progress, and academic advising out of which academic advising is a controlled variable addressed by the university administration. Two other variables are seen to indirectly be controlled by the administration. In the initial stage principal component analysis is used to identify the factors, followed by multiple regression analysis to determine the influence of each factor on the likelihood of retention. To validate the facts logistic regression analysis is used to verify the same factors that influence the actual retention of the student.","PeriodicalId":143058,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Microeconometric Studies of Health","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115010550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human decision-making differs due to variation in both incentives and available information. This generates substantial challenges for the evaluation of whether and how machine learning predictions can improve decision outcomes. We propose a framework that incorporates machine learning on large-scale administrative data into a choice model featuring heterogeneity in decision maker payoff functions and predictive skill. We apply our framework to the major health policy problem of improving the efficiency in antibiotic prescribing in primary care, one of the leading causes of antibiotic resistance. Our analysis reveals large variation in physicians’ skill to diagnose bacterial infections and in how physicians trade off the externality inherent in antibiotic use against its curative benefit. Counterfactual policy simulations show the combination of machine learning predictions with physician diagnostic skill achieves a 25.4 percent reduction in prescribing and the largest welfare gains compared to alternative policies for estimated as well as plausible hypothetical weights on the antibiotic resistance externality.
{"title":"Machine Predictions and Human Decisions with Variation in Payoffs and Skills","authors":"M. A. Ribers, H. Ullrich","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3726018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3726018","url":null,"abstract":"Human decision-making differs due to variation in both incentives and available information. This generates substantial challenges for the evaluation of whether and how machine learning predictions can improve decision outcomes. We propose a framework that incorporates machine learning on large-scale administrative data into a choice model featuring heterogeneity in decision maker payoff functions and predictive skill. We apply our framework to the major health policy problem of improving the efficiency in antibiotic prescribing in primary care, one of the leading causes of antibiotic resistance. Our analysis reveals large variation in physicians’ skill to diagnose bacterial infections and in how physicians trade off the externality inherent in antibiotic use against its curative benefit. Counterfactual policy simulations show the combination of machine learning predictions with physician diagnostic skill achieves a 25.4 percent reduction in prescribing and the largest welfare gains compared to alternative policies for estimated as well as plausible hypothetical weights on the antibiotic resistance externality.","PeriodicalId":143058,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Microeconometric Studies of Health","volume":"62 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132242860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research examines possible cost-effective reforms of Commonwealth Rent Assistance (CRA) (demand-side housing assistance) that could improve housing outcomes for low-income renters.
{"title":"Demand-Side Assistance in Australia’s Rental Housing Market: Exploring Reform Options","authors":"R. Ong, Hal Pawson, Ranjodh Singh, Chris Martin","doi":"10.18408/ahuri8120801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18408/ahuri8120801","url":null,"abstract":"This research examines possible cost-effective reforms of Commonwealth Rent Assistance (CRA) (demand-side housing assistance) that could improve housing outcomes for low-income renters.","PeriodicalId":143058,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Microeconometric Studies of Health","volume":"PP 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126405347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Portguese abstract: O artigo investiga a política pública brasileira voltada para a promoção do acesso e da permanência dos estudantes na universidade. Aborda as principais ações voltadas para este tipo de educação descrevendo algumas das principais mudanças ocorridas na política educacional para a educação superior durante o governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002) e no de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010). Destaca o processo de criação e de funcionamento do Programa Universidade para Todos (PROUNI) instituído mediante Medida Provisória nº 213 em 2004, que posteriormente se converteu na Lei nº 11.096 em 2005. Contextualiza apontando a criação da Lei nº 10.861 que instituiu o SINAES – Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior e o ENADE – Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes. Desenvolve apontando os dados do relatório e sobre Gastos Tributários da Secretaria de Macroavaliação Governamental do Tribunal de Contas da União. Aponta que o volume da renúncia fiscal do Estado descrevendo o número de bolsas distribuídas, e ainda, fazendo uma evolução do custo anual e custo mensal por aluno no programa no período de 2005 até 2012. Apresenta o número da evasão dos bolsistas PROUNI de 2005 até 2009. Conclui apontando os principais benefícios resultantes do programa.
English abstract: The paper investigates Brazilian public policy to promote access and permanence for students at the university. It deals with the main actions aimed at this type of education, describing some of the main changes that occurred in the educational policy for higher education during the Fernando Henrique Cardoso administration (1995-2002) compared to that of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010). It highlights the process of creation and operation of the University for All Program (PROUNI) instituted by Provisional Measure nº 213 in 2004, which later became Law nº 11.096 in 2005. Contextualizes pointing to the creation of Law nº 10.861 that instituted (SINAES) - National Higher Education Assessment System and (ENADE) - National Student Performance Exam. It develops pointing the data of the report and on Tax Expenses of the Governmental Macroevaluation Secretariat of the Federal Court of Accounts. It points out that the volume of the State's fiscal waiver describing the number of scholarships distributed, and also, making the evolution of the annual cost and monthly cost per student in the program from 2005 to 2012. It presents the dropout number of PROUNI fellows from 2005 to 2009. It concludes by pointing out the main benefits resulting from the program.
{"title":"POLÍTICA DE ACESSO E PERMANÊNCIA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR NO BRASIL: O PROGRAMA UNIVERSIDADE PARA TODOS (Access and Permanence Policy Higher Education in Brazil: The University for All Program)","authors":"Alexandre Godoy Dotta, Carolina Braglia Aloise Bertazolli","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3705828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3705828","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Portguese abstract:</b> O artigo investiga a política pública brasileira voltada para a promoção do acesso e da permanência dos estudantes na universidade. Aborda as principais ações voltadas para este tipo de educação descrevendo algumas das principais mudanças ocorridas na política educacional para a educação superior durante o governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002) e no de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010). Destaca o processo de criação e de funcionamento do Programa Universidade para Todos (PROUNI) instituído mediante Medida Provisória nº 213 em 2004, que posteriormente se converteu na Lei nº 11.096 em 2005. Contextualiza apontando a criação da Lei nº 10.861 que instituiu o SINAES – Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Superior e o ENADE – Exame Nacional de Desempenho dos Estudantes. Desenvolve apontando os dados do relatório e sobre Gastos Tributários da Secretaria de Macroavaliação Governamental do Tribunal de Contas da União. Aponta que o volume da renúncia fiscal do Estado descrevendo o número de bolsas distribuídas, e ainda, fazendo uma evolução do custo anual e custo mensal por aluno no programa no período de 2005 até 2012. Apresenta o número da evasão dos bolsistas PROUNI de 2005 até 2009. Conclui apontando os principais benefícios resultantes do programa. <br><br><b>English abstract:</b> The paper investigates Brazilian public policy to promote access and permanence for students at the university. It deals with the main actions aimed at this type of education, describing some of the main changes that occurred in the educational policy for higher education during the Fernando Henrique Cardoso administration (1995-2002) compared to that of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010). It highlights the process of creation and operation of the University for All Program (PROUNI) instituted by Provisional Measure nº 213 in 2004, which later became Law nº 11.096 in 2005. Contextualizes pointing to the creation of Law nº 10.861 that instituted (SINAES) - National Higher Education Assessment System and (ENADE) - National Student Performance Exam. It develops pointing the data of the report and on Tax Expenses of the Governmental Macroevaluation Secretariat of the Federal Court of Accounts. It points out that the volume of the State's fiscal waiver describing the number of scholarships distributed, and also, making the evolution of the annual cost and monthly cost per student in the program from 2005 to 2012. It presents the dropout number of PROUNI fellows from 2005 to 2009. It concludes by pointing out the main benefits resulting from the program.<br>","PeriodicalId":143058,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Microeconometric Studies of Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129011286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Numerical information can be represented in three formats: two symbolic (visual (digits) and verbal (number words)) and one nonsymbolic (analog) format. Studies have shown that the precision of symbolic numerical representation is associated with math performance. The precision of symbolic representation is mostly discussed as the precision of representation in a visual format, whereas the precision of representation in verbal format and its relation with math performance is less studied. The current study examines the precision of symbolic numerical representation in visual and verbal formats and the relationship between such precision and math performance when controlling for prior math performance, nonsymbolic numerical representation, phonological processing, reading skills and working memory. We used data from 367 Russian first graders (mean age, 7.6 years; 53% girls). To assess the precision of symbolic numerical representation, magnitude comparison tasks with digits and number words were used. It was found that the precision of symbolic representation in verbal format did not have a direct effect on math performance, but has an indirect effect via visual format of symbolic representation, even when controlling for prior math performance and other cognitive abilities.
{"title":"The Precision of Symbolic Numerical Representation in Verbal Format has an Indirect Effect on Math Performance in First Grade","authors":"G. Larina, Y. Kuzmina, G. Kanonirs","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3707386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3707386","url":null,"abstract":"Numerical information can be represented in three formats: two symbolic (visual (digits) and verbal (number words)) and one nonsymbolic (analog) format. Studies have shown that the precision of symbolic numerical representation is associated with math performance. The precision of symbolic representation is mostly discussed as the precision of representation in a visual format, whereas the precision of representation in verbal format and its relation with math performance is less studied. The current study examines the precision of symbolic numerical representation in visual and verbal formats and the relationship between such precision and math performance when controlling for prior math performance, nonsymbolic numerical representation, phonological processing, reading skills and working memory. We used data from 367 Russian first graders (mean age, 7.6 years; 53% girls). To assess the precision of symbolic numerical representation, magnitude comparison tasks with digits and number words were used. It was found that the precision of symbolic representation in verbal format did not have a direct effect on math performance, but has an indirect effect via visual format of symbolic representation, even when controlling for prior math performance and other cognitive abilities.","PeriodicalId":143058,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Microeconometric Studies of Health","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132449205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin He, Zhenguo Lin, Yingchun Liu, Michael J. Seiler
The nature of the relationship between a property's selling price and its marketing time in the housing market remains an open question to date, despite almost 40 years of inquiry and hundreds of regressions conducted on various data sources. This study attempts to settle the long-standing open question by examining the issue from a new perspective. We demonstrate that the true price–TOM relationship should be nonlinear and characterized by an inverted U-shaped curve wherein the selling price increases with TOM up to a certain threshold, reflective of a positive exposure effect and decreases thereafter to reflect a negative stigma effect. This relationship is borne out in an empirical analysis using a large sample of home sales from the Hampton Roads, Virginia metropolitan area during an extended period of time. We then formulate hypotheses about the benefit of search by home sellers, which are subsequently confirmed by the empirical findings.
{"title":"Search Benefit in Housing Markets: An Inverted U‐Shaped Price and Tom Relation","authors":"Xin He, Zhenguo Lin, Yingchun Liu, Michael J. Seiler","doi":"10.1111/1540-6229.12221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6229.12221","url":null,"abstract":"The nature of the relationship between a property's selling price and its marketing time in the housing market remains an open question to date, despite almost 40 years of inquiry and hundreds of regressions conducted on various data sources. This study attempts to settle the long-standing open question by examining the issue from a new perspective. We demonstrate that the true price–TOM relationship should be nonlinear and characterized by an inverted U-shaped curve wherein the selling price increases with TOM up to a certain threshold, reflective of a positive exposure effect and decreases thereafter to reflect a negative stigma effect. This relationship is borne out in an empirical analysis using a large sample of home sales from the Hampton Roads, Virginia metropolitan area during an extended period of time. We then formulate hypotheses about the benefit of search by home sellers, which are subsequently confirmed by the empirical findings.","PeriodicalId":143058,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Microeconometric Studies of Health","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131309982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Proposition 209 banned race-based affirmative action at California public universities in 1998. This study analyzes Prop 209's impact on student outcomes using a difference-in-difference research design and a newly-constructed longitudinal database linking all 1994-2002 University of California applicants to their college enrollment, course performance, major choice, degree attainment, and wages into their mid-30s. Ending affirmative action caused UC's 10,000 annual underrepresented minority (URM) freshman applicants to cascade into lower-quality public and private universities. URM applicants' undergraduate and graduate degree attainment declined overall and in STEM fields, especially among lower-testing applicants. As a result, the average URM UC applicant's wages declined by 5 percent annually between ages 24 and 34, almost wholly driven by declines among Hispanic applicants. By the mid-2010s, Prop 209 had caused a cumulative decline in the number of early-career URM Californians earning over $100,000 by at least 3 percent. Prop 209 also deterred thousands of qualified URM students from applying to any UC campus. Enrolling at less-selective UC campuses did not improve URM students' performance or persistence in STEM course sequences. Complementary regression discontinuity and institutional value-added analyses suggest that affirmative action's net wage benefits for URM applicants exceed its (potentially small) net costs for on-the-margin white and Asian applicants. These findings are inconsistent with the university "Mismatch Hypothesis" and provide the first causal evidence that banning affirmative action exacerbates socioeconomic inequities.
{"title":"Affirmative Action, Mismatch, and Economic Mobility after California's Proposition 209","authors":"Zachary Bleemer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3484530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3484530","url":null,"abstract":"Proposition 209 banned race-based affirmative action at California public universities in 1998. This study analyzes Prop 209's impact on student outcomes using a difference-in-difference research design and a newly-constructed longitudinal database linking all 1994-2002 University of California applicants to their college enrollment, course performance, major choice, degree attainment, and wages into their mid-30s. Ending affirmative action caused UC's 10,000 annual underrepresented minority (URM) freshman applicants to cascade into lower-quality public and private universities. URM applicants' undergraduate and graduate degree attainment declined overall and in STEM fields, especially among lower-testing applicants. As a result, the average URM UC applicant's wages declined by 5 percent annually between ages 24 and 34, almost wholly driven by declines among Hispanic applicants. By the mid-2010s, Prop 209 had caused a cumulative decline in the number of early-career URM Californians earning over $100,000 by at least 3 percent. Prop 209 also deterred thousands of qualified URM students from applying to any UC campus. Enrolling at less-selective UC campuses did not improve URM students' performance or persistence in STEM course sequences. Complementary regression discontinuity and institutional value-added analyses suggest that affirmative action's net wage benefits for URM applicants exceed its (potentially small) net costs for on-the-margin white and Asian applicants. These findings are inconsistent with the university \"Mismatch Hypothesis\" and provide the first causal evidence that banning affirmative action exacerbates socioeconomic inequities.","PeriodicalId":143058,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Microeconometric Studies of Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129780883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Will the Opportunity Zone program, America’s largest new place-based policy in decades, generate neighborhood change? We compare single-family housing price growth in Opportunity Zones with price growth in areas that were eligible but not included in the program. We also compare Opportunity Zones to their nearest geographic neighbors. All estimates rule out price impacts greater than 1.5 percentage points with 95% confidence, suggesting that, so far, home buyers don’t believe that this subsidy will generate major neighborhood change. Opportunity Zone status reduces prices in areas with little employment, perhaps because buyers think that subsidizing new investment will increase housing supply.
{"title":"The (Non-)Effect of Opportunity Zones on Housing Prices","authors":"Jiafeng Chen, E. Glaeser, David Wessel","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3664961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3664961","url":null,"abstract":"Will the Opportunity Zone program, America’s largest new place-based policy in decades, generate neighborhood change? We compare single-family housing price growth in Opportunity Zones with price growth in areas that were eligible but not included in the program. We also compare Opportunity Zones to their nearest geographic neighbors. All estimates rule out price impacts greater than 1.5 percentage points with 95% confidence, suggesting that, so far, home buyers don’t believe that this subsidy will generate major neighborhood change. Opportunity Zone status reduces prices in areas with little employment, perhaps because buyers think that subsidizing new investment will increase housing supply.","PeriodicalId":143058,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Microeconometric Studies of Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117047852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To evaluate certificate-of-need (CON) laws in rural areas and their relationship with selected healthcare outcomes and with common measures of potentially avoidable spending, we regress county-level Medicare data and state-level all-patient spending and utilization data to compare healthcare outcomes and common measures of wasteful spending in rural states with and without CON laws. Results show that patients residing in counties restricted by CON laws spend more per Medicare beneficiary and have higher utilization rates in ambulance services, emergency departments, and readmissions, both before and after controlling for social risk factors such as race, education, and poverty status. These findings imply that policies countering CON restrictions may reverse the outcome gap for rural states in access to care, which in turn may reduce wasteful spending and utilization.
{"title":"Examining Certificate-of-Need Laws in the Context of the Rural Health Crisis","authors":"Thomas Stratmann, Matthew C. Baker","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3667311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3667311","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate certificate-of-need (CON) laws in rural areas and their relationship with selected healthcare outcomes and with common measures of potentially avoidable spending, we regress county-level Medicare data and state-level all-patient spending and utilization data to compare healthcare outcomes and common measures of wasteful spending in rural states with and without CON laws. Results show that patients residing in counties restricted by CON laws spend more per Medicare beneficiary and have higher utilization rates in ambulance services, emergency departments, and readmissions, both before and after controlling for social risk factors such as race, education, and poverty status. These findings imply that policies countering CON restrictions may reverse the outcome gap for rural states in access to care, which in turn may reduce wasteful spending and utilization.","PeriodicalId":143058,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Microeconometric Studies of Health","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126407095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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