International journal of ophthalmology最新文献

Aim: To investigate the effect of pentagonal conjunctival autograft on reducing graft retraction following pterygium surgery.

Methods: This retrospective comparative study included patients who underwent primary pterygium excision with either pentagonal (created by shaping the junction with the recipient conjunctiva into a wedge) or quadrangular conjunctival autograft transplantation. All patients completed a 6mo postoperative follow-up. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of graft retraction; secondary outcomes included graft displacement requiring re-suturing and pterygium recurrence rate.

Results: The study enrolled 58 participants, comprising 26 (15 males, 11 females) in the pentagonal graft group (mean age: 54.9±13.1y), and 32 (17 males, 15 females) in the quadrangular graft group (mean age: 57.6±10.4y). Graft retraction occurred in only 1 eye (3.8%) in the pentagonal autograft group, compared to 9 eyes (28.1%) in the quadrangular autograft group. No cases of graft displacement requiring re-suturing were reported in the pentagonal autograft group. Although graft displacement and recurrence requiring re-suturing were observed less frequently in surgeries with a pentagonal graft, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).

Conclusion: Designing the conjunctival autograft in a pentagonal shape-mimicking geodesic dome architecture and conforming to the eye's spherical structure-enhances compatibility with the recipient conjunctiva and improves resistance to physical traction forces. This design effectively reduces the incidence of graft retraction and other related complications, providing a more favorable surgical option for pterygium treatment.

Aim: To present an overview of the research on global glaucoma treatment in the last decade in terms of publication year, journals, countries/regions, organizations, references, and keywords, to investigate the current research international trends and hot topics in this area.

Methods: Bibliometric analysis was conducted on 9128 articles in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC; Clarivate) database. Quantitative and qualitative analysis was employed using VOSviewer (v1.6.18), Pajek (v1.0.0.0), and CiteSpace (v6.1.R2) software.

Results: The 9128 papers relating to glaucoma treatment were published from April 2013 to April 2023, of which 7482 articles (82%) were original research articles and 1464 (18%) were review articles. The United States (2867) and Johns Hopkins University (166) were the most productive country and institution, respectively, but the University College London had the highest h-index (54). The Journal of Glaucoma was the most productive and Ophthalmology had the highest h-index compared with other journals. The Keywords of interest included treatment surgery, cyclophotocoagulation, minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS), trabeculectomy, baerveldt, epidemiology, medication adherence, nanoparticle, optical coherence tomography (OCT), gene therapy, and artificial intelligence (AI). Glaucoma surgery appeared as a current research hotspot through the analysis of keywords.

Conclusion: This study provides insights into the research trends and potential research hotspots in the treatment of glaucoma. This will help researchers to evaluate research policies and to promote international cooperation.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2025.12.07.].

Aim: To investigate age-related differences in the iris-lens angle (ILA) among patients with age-related cortical cataracts and elucidate the impact of age on lens stability.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on patients with age-related cortical cataracts scheduled for phacoemulsification surgery. Preoperative ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) images were collected and analyzed. Initially, patients were stratified into two age groups: <60y and ≥60y, with no significant intergroup differences in sex or eye laterality. For further analysis, participants were subdivided into three age strata: <60y, 60-75y, and >75y. The ILA was measured in four quadrants (superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal). Intergroup differences in ILA were compared, and correlations between age and ILA parameters were analyzed using statistical methods.

Results: The sample data were categorized into three groups according to age, <60y (113 patients; 55.8% female), 60-75y (245 patients; 61.0% female), and >75y (70 patients; 50.2% female). The superior quadrant ILA increased progressively with age stratification (P=0.02), and the maximum ILA difference (ΔILA) was significantly higher in patients over 75y (P<0.01). Simple linear regression analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between age and ILA in the superior (Y=7.487+0.096X, R=0.191, P<0.001) and temporal (Y=10.254+0.052X, R=0.104, P=0.032) quadrants. Additionally, the mean ILA across all quadrants (ILA_mean) and ΔILA were positively correlated with age (ILA_mean: Y=9.721+0.055X, R=0.138, P=0.004; ΔILA: Y=3.267+0.044X, R=0.006, P<0.05).

Conclusion: In patients with age-related cortical cataracts, ILA increases with age, particularly in the superior and temporal quadrants, suggesting that advanced age is associated with greater lens deviation and decreased lens stability. UBM imaging can effectively evaluate the status of the zonule and lens stability, providing crucial evidence for personalized surgical planning based on patients' age.

Conventional surgical teaching techniques face several challenges, highlighting a necessity for ongoing innovation in ophthalmology education to align with the evolving demands of clinical practice. The recent rapid advancement of computer technology has enabled the integration of virtual reality (VR) into medical training, thereby revolutionizing ophthalmic surgical education through VR-based educational methods. VR technology offers a safe, risk-free environment for trainees to practice repeatedly, enhancing surgical skills and accelerating the learning curve without compromising patient safety. This research outlines the application of VR technology in ophthalmic surgical skills training, particularly in cataract and vitreoretinal surgery. Including assessing the effectiveness of intraocular surgery training systems, evaluating skills transfer to the operating room, comparing it with wet lab cataract surgery training, and enhancing non-dominant hand training for cataract surgery, among other aspects. Additionally, this paper will identify the limitations of VR technology in ocular surgical skills training, offer improvement strategies, and detail the advantages and prospects, with the objective of guiding subsequent researchers.

Aim: To investigate the long-term outcomes in acute primary angle closure (APAC) patients treated with lens extraction (LE) surgery and to identify risk factors for glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON).

Methods: In this longitudinal observational study, detailed medical histories of APAC patients and comprehensive ophthalmic examinations at final follow-up were collected. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of blindness. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to determine risk factors associated with visual outcomes.

Results: This study included 39 affected eyes of 31 subjects (26 females) with an average age of 74.1±8.0y. At 6.7±4.2y after APAC attack, 2 (5.7%) eyes had best-corrected visual acuity (VA) worse than 3/60. Advanced glaucomatous visual field loss was observed in 15 (39.5%) affected eyes and 5 (25.0%) fellow eyes. Nine affected eyes (23.7%) had GON, and 11 (28.9%) were blind. Six (15.4%) affected eyes and 2 (9.1%) fellow eyes had suspicious progression. A significantly higher blindness rate in factory workers compared to office workers. Logistic regression identified that worse VA at attack (OR 10.568, 95%CI 1.288-86.695; P=0.028) and worse early postoperative VA (OR 13.214, 95%CI 1.157-150.881; P=0.038) were risk factors for blindness. Multivariate regression showed that longer duration of elevated intraocular pressure (P=0.004) and worse early postoperative VA (P=0.009) were associated with worse visual outcomes.

Conclusion: Despite LE surgery, some APAC patients experience continued visual function deterioration. Lifelong monitoring is necessary. Target pressure and progression rates should be re-evaluated during follow-up.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2025.04.16.].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2026.01.14.].

Aim: To evaluate the agreement of axial length (AL), anterior chamber parameters, and total cornea power obtained by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT)-based and Scheimpflug-based optical biometers in myopic children.

Methods: AL, steep keratometry (K), flat K, posterior corneal keratometry (PK), total keratometry (TK), anterior chamber depth (ACD), horizontal corneal diameter (CD), and central corneal thickness (CCT) were obtained using IOL Master 700 and Pentacam AXL. The agreement between the devices was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Bland-Altman plots, and astigmatism vector analysis.

Results: Totally 175 myopic children (48.5% male) with a mean age of 10.29±2.14y were enrolled. The ICC and Bland-Altman plots indicated a satisfactory agreement for AL, ACD, and CCT. The mean difference in CD of -0.31±0.30 mm was considered clinically significant (>0.2 mm). Additionally, measurements of K and TK obtained from the IOL Master 700 showed good agreement. Nevertheless, there were clinically significant differences observed in PK, simulated keratometry (simK), total cornea power, and astigmatism (at least 10% of the cases with a difference of >10 degrees in meridian) between the two devices.

Conclusion: The study findings demonstrate a significant difference in K, PK, astigmatism, and CD, indicating that the two optical biometers cannot be considered interchangeable. Therefore, it is recommended to utilize one kind device for follow-up examinations in myopic children.