Autism is found to be associated with mind perception, in particular reduced perception of human agency. Prior work has shown that more autistic individuals in the general population tend to view others as less capable of doing and thinking. Autism is, by contrast, not meaningfully associated with the mind attribution to other types of entities examined in past work, including children, nonhuman animals, supernatural agents, and so forth. In this paper, more types of entities—toy objects and selves—were investigated. Across two normal adult samples and a meta-analysis, autism was found to be associated with decreased perception of both experiential and agentic mental capacity in other adult humans, as well as in oneself. More autistic individuals tend to consider others and themselves less capable of both doing and feeling. Autism was also associated with increased mind perception of toy objects, such that more autistic individuals tend to consider toy objects more capable of doing and feeling. These findings partially replicated and meaningfully extended previous work on autism and mind perception, thus providing insight into the relationship of autism with potentially different perceptions and treatments of others, selves, and toy objects.
{"title":"Relationship between autism and mind perception of selves, others, and toy objects","authors":"R. H. Y. Au","doi":"10.21827/IJPP.7.37351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21827/IJPP.7.37351","url":null,"abstract":"Autism is found to be associated with mind perception, in particular reduced perception of human agency. Prior work has shown that more autistic individuals in the general population tend to view others as less capable of doing and thinking. Autism is, by contrast, not meaningfully associated with the mind attribution to other types of entities examined in past work, including children, nonhuman animals, supernatural agents, and so forth. In this paper, more types of entities—toy objects and selves—were investigated. Across two normal adult samples and a meta-analysis, autism was found to be associated with decreased perception of both experiential and agentic mental capacity in other adult humans, as well as in oneself. More autistic individuals tend to consider others and themselves less capable of both doing and feeling. Autism was also associated with increased mind perception of toy objects, such that more autistic individuals tend to consider toy objects more capable of doing and feeling. These findings partially replicated and meaningfully extended previous work on autism and mind perception, thus providing insight into the relationship of autism with potentially different perceptions and treatments of others, selves, and toy objects.","PeriodicalId":14313,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Parallel Programming","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42119329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-15DOI: 10.18231/J.IJPP.2020.043
U. Krishna, R. Nayak, R. ChaitraS
Background: Many indigenous medicinal plants with natural neuroprotective and antioxidant properties have shown to be beneficial in a variety of behavioral disorders such as anxiety disorders. Objective: To screen the Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Piper betle L.leaf for its antianxiety activity in Swiss Albino mice. Materials and Methods: Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Piper betle L. leaf [PBEE and PBAE] at doses 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg were compared with standard (Diazepam 1mg/kg) and control (distilled water). Six Swiss albino mice (3 each of both sexes) weighing 25-30g were used for each group. Level of anxiety was studied using the behavioural models Elevated Plus Maze [EPM] and Light Dark Arena [LDA]. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts was done and compared. Statistical Analysis: Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey Kramer’s multiple comparison test at P = 0.05. The results were represented as Mean ± SEM. Results: PBEE 100mg/kg has shown significant increase in time spent in open arm and number of entries to open arm when compared with control in EPM model. The same dose was found to be significant for time spent in bright area and number of bright area entries in LDA model. On the other hand the PBAE doses were not significantly different from the control. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of bioactive component flavonoids in both the extracts, but saponins were absent in aqueous extract. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Piper betle L. at a dose of 100mg/kg has showed significant antianxiety activity. Keywords: Diazepam, Elevated plus maze, Light drak arena, Phytochemical analysis, Piper betle L.
背景：许多具有天然神经保护和抗氧化特性的本土药用植物已被证明对焦虑症等各种行为障碍有益。目的：筛选胡椒叶乙醇提取物和水提取物对瑞士白化病小鼠的抗焦虑活性。材料和方法：将100 mg/kg和200 mg/kg剂量的胡椒叶乙醇提取物和水提取物[PBEE和PBAE]与标准品（地西泮1mg/kg）和对照品（蒸馏水）进行比较。每组使用6只体重25-30g的瑞士白化病小鼠（两性各3只）。使用行为模型Elevated Plus Maze[EPM]和Light Dark Arena[LDA]研究焦虑水平。对提取物进行了植物化学分析并进行了比较。统计分析：数据通过单因素方差分析进行分析，然后进行Tukey Kramer多重比较检验，P=0.05。结果：与EPM模型中的对照组相比，100mg/kg的PBEE在张开臂上花费的时间和进入张开臂的次数显著增加。在LDA模型中，相同的剂量对在亮区花费的时间和亮区条目的数量具有显著意义。另一方面，PBAE剂量与对照组没有显著差异。初步的植物化学筛选表明，两种提取物中都存在生物活性成分黄酮，但水提取物中不存在皂苷。结论：槟榔乙醇提取物100mg/kg具有明显的抗焦虑活性。关键词：地西泮，高架加迷宫，光竞技场，植物化学分析，胡椒。
{"title":"Evaluation of antianxiety properties of Piper betle L. leaf extracts on swiss albino mice","authors":"U. Krishna, R. Nayak, R. ChaitraS","doi":"10.18231/J.IJPP.2020.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/J.IJPP.2020.043","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many indigenous medicinal plants with natural neuroprotective and antioxidant properties have shown to be beneficial in a variety of behavioral disorders such as anxiety disorders.\u0000Objective: To screen the Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Piper betle L.leaf for its antianxiety activity in Swiss Albino mice.\u0000Materials and Methods: Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Piper betle L. leaf [PBEE and PBAE] at doses 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg were compared with standard (Diazepam 1mg/kg) and control (distilled water). Six Swiss albino mice (3 each of both sexes) weighing 25-30g were used for each group. Level of anxiety was studied using the behavioural models Elevated Plus Maze [EPM] and Light Dark Arena [LDA]. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts was done and compared.\u0000Statistical Analysis: Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey Kramer’s multiple comparison test at P = 0.05. The results were represented as Mean ± SEM.\u0000Results: PBEE 100mg/kg has shown significant increase in time spent in open arm and number of entries to open arm when compared with control in EPM model. The same dose was found to be significant for time spent in bright area and number of bright area entries in LDA model. On the other hand the PBAE doses were not significantly different from the control. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of bioactive component flavonoids in both the extracts, but saponins were absent in aqueous extract.\u0000Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Piper betle L. at a dose of 100mg/kg has showed significant antianxiety activity.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Diazepam, Elevated plus maze, Light drak arena, Phytochemical analysis, Piper betle L.","PeriodicalId":14313,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Parallel Programming","volume":"7 1","pages":"256-261"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48539397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-22DOI: 10.37290/IJPP2641-7197.16:16-21
M. Awano, K. Koike, T. Sawada, Xu FengHao, N. Suzuki
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of chicken extract on breast milk production and fatigue in early postpartum women. The study is an open-label parallel-group randomized clinical trial involving 80 healthy primiparous women from Japan divided into two groups. The intervention group ingested chicken extract twice daily for more than two weeks and the control group ingested water. The effectiveness of chicken extract on breast milk production after delivery and quality of life before and after delivery was examined. The result showed that milk production in the chicken extract group (356±191mL) was higher than in the control group (279±142mL) at 96-120h, but not significantly different (P=0.071). Expressed milk production had increased significantly more at 96-120h in the chicken extract group (122.6±115.5mL) than in the control group (66.5±55.8mL) (P=0.017). Chicken extract significantly reduced fatigue at 38 weeks after gestation, as assessed by visual analog scale (P=0.006). The study concluded that milk production increased more in the intervention group. It is suggesting that the chicken extract may be effective in increasing breast milk production and reducing fatigue in later stage of gestation.
{"title":"Effect of Chicken Extract on Breast Milk Production in Primiparous Mothers in Japan: A Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"M. Awano, K. Koike, T. Sawada, Xu FengHao, N. Suzuki","doi":"10.37290/IJPP2641-7197.16:16-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37290/IJPP2641-7197.16:16-21","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of chicken extract on breast milk production and fatigue in early postpartum women. The study is an open-label parallel-group randomized clinical trial involving 80 healthy primiparous women from Japan divided into two groups. The intervention group ingested chicken extract twice daily for more than two weeks and the control group ingested water. The effectiveness of chicken extract on breast milk production after delivery and quality of life before and after delivery was examined. The result showed that milk production in the chicken extract group (356±191mL) was higher than in the control group (279±142mL) at 96-120h, but not significantly different (P=0.071). Expressed milk production had increased significantly more at 96-120h in the chicken extract group (122.6±115.5mL) than in the control group (66.5±55.8mL) (P=0.017). Chicken extract significantly reduced fatigue at 38 weeks after gestation, as assessed by visual analog scale (P=0.006). The study concluded that milk production increased more in the intervention group. It is suggesting that the chicken extract may be effective in increasing breast milk production and reducing fatigue in later stage of gestation.","PeriodicalId":14313,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Parallel Programming","volume":"16 1","pages":"16-21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43223087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.18231/J.IJPP.2020.039
Sowmya, R ManoharV, Mohandas Rai, H. Gopalakrishna, R. Shetty, Sanat Udyavar
Introduction: National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) aims at the elimination of tuberculosis. There are few modifications in the diagnosis, treatment and follow up protocol. Objective: To assess the awareness about National Tuberculosis Programmes and Antitubercular drugs among final year MBBS students. Materials and Methods: This is a questionnaire-based study, performed among 179 final year MBBS students. Questionnaire consisted of 15 questions framed by referring standard textbooks and official website for Tuberculosis. Results: Most of the participants were aware about the most common symptom of Pulmonary TB, first line antitubercular drugs and their common side effects. Only 24.58% of the participants responded correctly regarding the properties of Delamanid but 60.33% were aware about the new drug Bedaquiline. Question on Nikshay portal was answered by 88.26% of the participants, 85.47% were aware about sputum collection for AFB testing and 94.7% were aware about facilities provided at DOTS centre. Also, 83% of the participants responded that they are aware of the NTEP programme. But, only 51% were aware of the aim of NTEP, 12.75% were aware of new guidelines regarding the use of streptomycin, 18.79% were aware about the categorisation of TB treatment under NTEP, 32.88% were aware about the modification in INH prophylaxis. Conclusion: It can be concluded by the present study that majority of the participants were aware about the basics of tuberculosis symptoms, diagnosis and first line drugs. Most participants are aware of the Launching of NTEP programme, but they need further updating sessions. Keywords: Bedaquiline Delamanid National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP)
{"title":"A study on awareness about national tuberculosis programmes and antitubercular drugs among final year MBBS students in a tertiary care hospital in Mangaluru","authors":"Sowmya, R ManoharV, Mohandas Rai, H. Gopalakrishna, R. Shetty, Sanat Udyavar","doi":"10.18231/J.IJPP.2020.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/J.IJPP.2020.039","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) aims at the elimination of tuberculosis. There are few modifications in the diagnosis, treatment and follow up protocol.\u0000Objective: To assess the awareness about National Tuberculosis Programmes and Antitubercular drugs\u0000among final year MBBS students.\u0000Materials and Methods: This is a questionnaire-based study, performed among 179 final year MBBS students. Questionnaire consisted of 15 questions framed by referring standard textbooks and official website for Tuberculosis.\u0000Results: Most of the participants were aware about the most common symptom of Pulmonary TB, first line\u0000antitubercular drugs and their common side effects. Only 24.58% of the participants responded correctly regarding the properties of Delamanid but 60.33% were aware about the new drug Bedaquiline.\u0000Question on Nikshay portal was answered by 88.26% of the participants, 85.47% were aware about sputum\u0000collection for AFB testing and 94.7% were aware about facilities provided at DOTS centre.\u0000Also, 83% of the participants responded that they are aware of the NTEP programme. But, only 51%\u0000were aware of the aim of NTEP, 12.75% were aware of new guidelines regarding the use of streptomycin,\u000018.79% were aware about the categorisation of TB treatment under NTEP, 32.88% were aware about the modification in INH prophylaxis.\u0000Conclusion: It can be concluded by the present study that majority of the participants were aware about the basics of tuberculosis symptoms, diagnosis and first line drugs. Most participants are aware of the Launching of NTEP programme, but they need further updating sessions.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Bedaquiline Delamanid National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP)","PeriodicalId":14313,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Parallel Programming","volume":"7 1","pages":"235-239"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42770750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.18231/J.IJPP.2020.042
A. Turankar, A. Shetty, N. Pramoda, V. Motghare, Chetan S. Urade
Objectives: 1. To provide a structured tool to assess rationality based on the 10 domains of Rationality score; 2. To find out the impact of the structured tool for judging the rationality score of Pharmacotherapy in various clinical situations e.g. High, Moderate and Low rationality score. Methodology: A rationality scale was developed to check the coefficient of variation in each parameter of rationality, on a scale of 1 to 10, acronymed as R.A.T.I.O.N.A.L.I.T.Y. Various clinical cases were discussed and treatment was criticised if any. These cases were then rated according to the rationality scale. High Rationality - Score > 6, Average Rationality – Score > 4 and
{"title":"To assess the rationality of pharmacotherapy of patient in clinical situations and validation of questionnaire tool used in rational pharmacotherapy","authors":"A. Turankar, A. Shetty, N. Pramoda, V. Motghare, Chetan S. Urade","doi":"10.18231/J.IJPP.2020.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/J.IJPP.2020.042","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: 1. To provide a structured tool to assess rationality based on the 10 domains of Rationality score; 2. To find out the impact of the structured tool for judging the rationality score of Pharmacotherapy in various clinical situations e.g. High, Moderate and Low rationality score.\u0000Methodology: A rationality scale was developed to check the coefficient of variation in each parameter of\u0000rationality, on a scale of 1 to 10, acronymed as R.A.T.I.O.N.A.L.I.T.Y.\u0000Various clinical cases were discussed and treatment was criticised if any. These cases were then rated\u0000according to the rationality scale.\u0000High Rationality - Score > 6, Average Rationality – Score > 4 and","PeriodicalId":14313,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Parallel Programming","volume":"7 1","pages":"251-255"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42445680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.18231/J.IJPP.2020.036
A. Negi, N. Patiyal, Kunwar S D S Guleria, Vikrant Kanwar, D. Kansal
Background: Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) was declared as Global Pandemic by W.H.O. on 11th March 2020. As nationwide lockdown was imposed from 21st March 2020 in India, teleconsultation project known as eSanjeevani: Stay Home OPD” was launched by Honourable Union Health Minister. This facility was also started by the Department of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of Himachal Pradesh at our center; Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College (Dr. RPGMC), Kangra at Tanda from 20th April 2020 onwards. Aim & Objective: To analyse the parameters influencing teleconsultation service from the perspective of patients during Covid-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted through a semi-structured 10-point feedback questionnaire. The feedback was collected telephonically. A total of 131 responses were noted and analysed accordingly. Results: Out of 131 patients, 71 (54%) were males and 60 (46%) were females. All of them 131 (100%) accepted the legibility of e-prescription, and the majority (91%) of them were comfortable in procuring (downloading) the same. (83%) respondents preferred teleconsultation services over conventional OPD based services and (98%) patients also recommended teleconsultation platform to others. Conclusion: Mean rating score was 8.9±1.04 out of 10 which clearly shows that majority of patients were satisfied with teleconsultation services availed by them through Dr. RPGMC Tanda hub. Keywords: COVID- 19, Pandemics, Remote Consultation, Patient Satisfaction, Electronic Prescribing, eSanjeevni OPD.
{"title":"Perception of patients getting teleconsultation in an e-OPD during Covid pandemic","authors":"A. Negi, N. Patiyal, Kunwar S D S Guleria, Vikrant Kanwar, D. Kansal","doi":"10.18231/J.IJPP.2020.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/J.IJPP.2020.036","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) was declared as Global Pandemic by W.H.O. on 11th March 2020. As nationwide lockdown was imposed from 21st March 2020 in India, teleconsultation project known as eSanjeevani: Stay Home OPD” was launched by Honourable Union Health Minister. This facility was also started by the Department of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of Himachal Pradesh at our center; Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College (Dr. RPGMC), Kangra at Tanda from 20th April 2020 onwards.\u0000Aim & Objective: To analyse the parameters influencing teleconsultation service from the perspective of\u0000patients during Covid-19 pandemic.\u0000Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted through a semi-structured 10-point feedback questionnaire. The feedback was collected telephonically. A total of 131 responses were noted and analysed accordingly.\u0000Results: Out of 131 patients, 71 (54%) were males and 60 (46%) were females. All of them 131 (100%) accepted the legibility of e-prescription, and the majority (91%) of them were comfortable in procuring (downloading) the same. (83%) respondents preferred teleconsultation services over conventional OPD based services and (98%) patients also recommended teleconsultation platform to others.\u0000Conclusion: Mean rating score was 8.9±1.04 out of 10 which clearly shows that majority of patients were satisfied with teleconsultation services availed by them through Dr. RPGMC Tanda hub.\u0000\u0000Keywords: COVID- 19, Pandemics, Remote Consultation, Patient Satisfaction, Electronic Prescribing, eSanjeevni OPD.","PeriodicalId":14313,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Parallel Programming","volume":"7 1","pages":"222-225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44439996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.18231/J.IJPP.2020.038
M. Robin, P. Udaykumar
Introduction: Depression is often associated with low bone mineral density. It has been reported that antidepressants, particularly in elderly people, are a cause of low bone strength and fractures. Also it has been found that the antidepressants targeting the serotonin system are harmful for bone health and induce osteoporosis. A relationship between depression and osteoporosis has become more evident over the years, as reduced bone mineral density has been noticed in both depressed women and men. Aged men are more susceptible to the effects of depression on BMD than older women. It has also been observed from different studies that depressed men have lower bone mineral density than non-depressed men. Studies on animals have also indicated that depression may predispose to osteoporosis. Recent long-term studies have also shown that women with menopausal status are at higher risk of depression and osteoporosis. The positive effects of bisphosphonates, including improvement in anxiety or depression, is an area of research in the recent years.The application of bisphosphonates, especially risedronate, ibandronate and etidronate in the treatment of depression along with osteoporosis is limited and no studies have been done using zoledronate. Objective: To evaluate the anti-depressant effect of zoledronate in albino rats. Materials and Methods: After obtaining approval from Institutional Animal Ethics Committee, 18 albino rats weighing 150-250 grams were taken and divided into 3 groups of 6 rats each. Group A (Control): Distilled water 10 ml/kg oral; Group B (Standard) Fluoxetine 20 mg/kg oral for 1 week and Group C (Test) – Zoledronate 0.45 mg/kg oral for 1 week. Anti-depressant effect was assessed after 1 week by performing forced swim test and tail suspension test. Data was analysed using one way ANOVA. p value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Zoledronate (0.45 mg/kg) has shown significant reduction in duration of immobility in both forced swim t
{"title":"Evaluation of antidepressant effects of zoledronate in rats","authors":"M. Robin, P. Udaykumar","doi":"10.18231/J.IJPP.2020.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/J.IJPP.2020.038","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Depression is often associated with low bone mineral density. It has been reported that antidepressants, particularly in elderly people, are a cause of low bone strength and fractures. Also it has been found that the antidepressants targeting the serotonin system are harmful for bone health and induce osteoporosis. A relationship between depression and osteoporosis has become more evident over the years, as reduced bone mineral density has been noticed in both depressed women and men. Aged men are more susceptible to the effects of depression on BMD than older women.\u0000It has also been observed from different studies that depressed men have lower bone mineral density than non-depressed men. Studies on animals have also indicated that depression may predispose to osteoporosis.\u0000Recent long-term studies have also shown that women with menopausal status are at higher risk of depression and osteoporosis. The positive effects of bisphosphonates, including improvement in anxiety or depression, is an area of research in the recent years.The application of bisphosphonates, especially risedronate, ibandronate and etidronate in the treatment of depression along with osteoporosis is limited and no studies have been done using zoledronate.\u0000Objective: To evaluate the anti-depressant effect of zoledronate in albino rats.\u0000Materials and Methods: After obtaining approval from Institutional Animal Ethics Committee, 18 albino rats weighing 150-250 grams were taken and divided into 3 groups of 6 rats each.\u0000Group A (Control): Distilled water 10 ml/kg oral; Group B (Standard) Fluoxetine 20 mg/kg oral for 1 week and Group C (Test) – Zoledronate 0.45 mg/kg oral for 1 week.\u0000Anti-depressant effect was assessed after 1 week by performing forced swim test and tail suspension test.\u0000Data was analysed using one way ANOVA. p value less than 0.05 was considered significant.\u0000Results: Zoledronate (0.45 mg/kg) has shown significant reduction in duration of immobility in both forced swim t","PeriodicalId":14313,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Parallel Programming","volume":"7 1","pages":"230-234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44839220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.18231/J.IJPP.2020.035
Shalaka Dabhekar, Madhura P. Dixit, M. Umekar, K. R. Gupta
The blood brain barrier (BBB) segregates the central nervous system from the systemic circulation nevertheless also retard the effective treatment of central nervous system diseases. Intrinsically, the BBB prevents contagions and pathogens by invade the brain, but also restraint the brain uptake of therapeutic molecules. The potentiality to treat central nervous system disorders is strongly limited by the poor access of many therapeutic agent to the target tissues, formed by a complex interplay of endothelial cells, astrocyte and pericytes and the cells are connected by tight junctions which express a variety of receptors, transporters, and pores which allow the penetration of specific substances from the blood into the CNS through which only selected molecules can passively diffuse to reach the brain. Nonetheless, under certain pathological conditions, the BBB is interrupted by allowing direct interaction between blood components and consequently, it plays a pivotal role in minimizing CNS toxin exposure, controlling immune–CNS communication, maintaining a low protein CNS environment, separating peripheral and CNS neuro- signals, and importantly, regulating ion homeostasis. At present, along with the structural and mechanistic manifestation of the BBB under physiological and pathological conditions it is feasible to design drug delivery systems that could cross the BBB adequately. This review focuses on strategies that influence such BBB disruption for delivering nano-carriers to the central nervous system with wider implementations and broader prospection the treatment of brain targeted therapy, nano-medicines have turn out to be more potent, more distinct and less toxic than traditional drug therapy. Keywords: Nanocarriers CNS diseases, Blood brain barrier Interruption in BBB Nanoneurology.
{"title":"Nano-carriers for brain disorders targeting the blood brain barrier (BBB) crossing strategies","authors":"Shalaka Dabhekar, Madhura P. Dixit, M. Umekar, K. R. Gupta","doi":"10.18231/J.IJPP.2020.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/J.IJPP.2020.035","url":null,"abstract":"The blood brain barrier (BBB) segregates the central nervous system from the systemic circulation nevertheless also retard the effective treatment of central nervous system diseases. Intrinsically, the BBB prevents contagions and pathogens by invade the brain, but also restraint the brain uptake of therapeutic molecules. The potentiality to treat central nervous system disorders is strongly limited by the poor access of many therapeutic agent to the target tissues, formed by a complex interplay of endothelial cells, astrocyte and pericytes and the cells are connected by tight junctions which express a variety of receptors, transporters, and pores which allow the penetration of specific substances from the blood into the CNS through which only selected molecules can passively diffuse to reach the brain. Nonetheless, under certain pathological conditions, the BBB is interrupted by allowing direct interaction between blood components and consequently, it plays a pivotal role in minimizing CNS toxin exposure, controlling immune–CNS communication, maintaining a low protein CNS environment, separating peripheral and CNS neuro- signals, and importantly, regulating ion homeostasis. At present, along with the structural and mechanistic manifestation of the BBB under physiological and pathological conditions it is feasible to design drug delivery systems that could cross the BBB adequately. This review focuses on strategies that influence such BBB disruption for delivering nano-carriers to the central nervous system with wider implementations and broader prospection the treatment of brain targeted therapy, nano-medicines have turn out to be more potent, more distinct and less toxic than traditional drug therapy.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Nanocarriers CNS diseases, Blood brain barrier Interruption in BBB Nanoneurology.","PeriodicalId":14313,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Parallel Programming","volume":"7 1","pages":"213-221"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42980987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.18231/J.IJPP.2020.037
A. Saeed, Kawther A F Mahdi
An indigenous medicinal plant Mirabilis jalapa (family: Nyctaginaceae) was widely used as a traditional medicine in many parts of the world for treatment of various diseases: antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, anti tumours, anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory agent, laxative, dysentery, muscular pain and abdominal colic. The research indicates the effectiveness of the seeds of 4-O’clock plant against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The seeds of the plant were collected, air dried, powdered and (100 gm.) subjected to gradient extraction using soxhlate apparatus. Ethanol 70% was used as a solvent. Three concentrations presenting 50% (500 mg/ml), 25% (250 mg/ml) and 12.5% (125 mg/ml) were prepared. In-vitro antibacterial assay of the ethanolic extract of the plant seeds was performed using agar wells diffusion method, disc diffusion method and dilution method with distilled water as negative control. The seeds of the plant exhibited significant antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The greatest zone of inhibition was displayed by well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus at 500 mg/ml was 29 mm, at 250 mg/ml was 18 mm and at 125 mg/ml was 12 mm. But at same concentrations when were used disc diffusion method the result were displayed are 24 mm at 500 mg/kg, 9mm at 250 mg/ml and 7 mm at 125 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus. And 20 mm at 500 mg/ml, 14.3 mm at 250 mg/ml and 8.3 mm at 125 mg/ml against Escherichia coli. Keywords: Mirabilis jalapa, Seeds, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Disc diffusion, Well diffusion
{"title":"Antibacterial effect of ethanolic extract of Mirabilis jalapa (Alsaa Arbaa) seeds against some bacteria","authors":"A. Saeed, Kawther A F Mahdi","doi":"10.18231/J.IJPP.2020.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/J.IJPP.2020.037","url":null,"abstract":"An indigenous medicinal plant Mirabilis jalapa (family: Nyctaginaceae) was widely used as a traditional medicine in many parts of the world for treatment of various diseases: antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, anti tumours, anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory agent, laxative, dysentery, muscular pain and abdominal colic.\u0000The research indicates the effectiveness of the seeds of 4-O’clock plant against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The seeds of the plant were collected, air dried, powdered and (100 gm.) subjected to gradient extraction using soxhlate apparatus. Ethanol 70% was used as a solvent. Three concentrations presenting 50% (500 mg/ml), 25% (250 mg/ml) and 12.5% (125 mg/ml) were prepared. In-vitro antibacterial assay of the ethanolic extract of the plant seeds was performed using agar wells diffusion\u0000method, disc diffusion method and dilution method with distilled water as negative control.\u0000The seeds of the plant exhibited significant antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The greatest zone of inhibition was displayed by well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus at 500 mg/ml was 29 mm, at 250 mg/ml was 18 mm and at 125 mg/ml was 12 mm. But at same concentrations when were used disc diffusion method the result were displayed are 24 mm at 500 mg/kg, 9mm at 250 mg/ml and 7 mm at 125 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus. And 20 mm\u0000at 500 mg/ml, 14.3 mm at 250 mg/ml and 8.3 mm at 125 mg/ml against Escherichia coli.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Mirabilis jalapa, Seeds, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Disc diffusion, Well diffusion","PeriodicalId":14313,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Parallel Programming","volume":"7 1","pages":"226-229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48673566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-15DOI: 10.18231/J.IJPP.2020.045
Kunwar S D S Guleria, N. Patiyal, A. Negi, Vikrant Kanwar, K. Dinesh
Objectives: To analyse the utilization of outpatient eSanjeevani Telemedicine Service during COVID pandemic in a public healthcare institution in North India by profiling the attributes of patients availing online video consultation in terms of gender, age, urban-rural, organ-system involvement, speciality of OPD service given and prescription analysis. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, cross sectional study done at Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College which served as a hub in a hub & spoke type model for rendering online OPD consultations; on a software platform “eSanjeevani” developed by Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) Mohali. Data from 206 audio+video based online tele-OPD consultations & their prescriptions were analysed. Results: Out of a total 206, 114 (55%) were males and 92 (45%) were females. Mean ± S.D. age of patients was 42 ±19.6 years. 146 (71%) connected from rural area and 60 (29%) from urban area. 38 (18%) patients required to be referred to the health-care centre and 46 (22%) patients required a review after blood biochemistry investigations. 76 (37%) were from district Kangra of Himachal Pradesh. The most common organ system involved was musculoskeletal system (19%) followed by skin (18.4%) and gastrointestinal system (16%). The most commonly prescribed class of drugs were NSAIDs & analgesics (36%) antimicrobials (23%) and antihistaminics (18%). Conclusion: Telemedicine is an innovative solution to many of the challenges posed by COVID-19 pandemic. It can help substantially in decreasing the OPD workload in hospitals & decreasing infection chances for both patients & hospital staff. Keywords: COVID- 19, Remote Consultation, Teleconsultation, Telemedicine.
{"title":"Utilization of outpatient eSanjeevani National Teleconsultation Service during COVID- 19 pandemic in a public healthcare institution in North India","authors":"Kunwar S D S Guleria, N. Patiyal, A. Negi, Vikrant Kanwar, K. Dinesh","doi":"10.18231/J.IJPP.2020.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18231/J.IJPP.2020.045","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To analyse the utilization of outpatient eSanjeevani Telemedicine Service during COVID pandemic in a public healthcare institution in North India by profiling the attributes of patients availing online video consultation in terms of gender, age, urban-rural, organ-system involvement, speciality of OPD service given and prescription analysis.\u0000Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, cross sectional study done at Dr. Rajendra Prasad Govt. Medical College which served as a hub in a hub & spoke type model for rendering online OPD consultations; on a software platform “eSanjeevani” developed by Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) Mohali. Data from 206 audio+video based online tele-OPD consultations & their prescriptions were analysed.\u0000Results: Out of a total 206, 114 (55%) were males and 92 (45%) were females. Mean ± S.D. age of patients was 42 ±19.6 years. 146 (71%) connected from rural area and 60 (29%) from urban area. 38 (18%) patients required to be referred to the health-care centre and 46 (22%) patients required a review after blood biochemistry investigations. 76 (37%) were from district Kangra of Himachal Pradesh. The most common organ system involved was musculoskeletal system (19%) followed by skin (18.4%) and gastrointestinal system (16%). The most commonly prescribed class of drugs were NSAIDs & analgesics (36%) antimicrobials (23%) and antihistaminics (18%).\u0000Conclusion: Telemedicine is an innovative solution to many of the challenges posed by COVID-19 pandemic. It can help substantially in decreasing the OPD workload in hospitals & decreasing infection chances for both patients & hospital staff.\u0000\u0000Keywords: COVID- 19, Remote Consultation, Teleconsultation, Telemedicine.","PeriodicalId":14313,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Parallel Programming","volume":"7 1","pages":"265-269"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42929760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：