Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-12-07DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00610-x
Praveen Belagal
The fitA/pheS and fitB/pheT genes were previously proposed to function as transcription factors. The originally identified temperature sensitive (Ts) transcription-defective fitA76 mutant was shown to harbour a second mutation, fit95 (pheT) in addition to pheS5 (pheS; G293 → A293 transition). A new fit mutation namely, fitC4 (fitC locus) was identified in a Ts+ derivative of fitA76, namely JV4. Genetic mapping revealed that fitC4 mutation could be an extragenic suppressor, as it mapped at 39.01 min while fitAB loci mapped at 38.7 min on E. coli chromosome. Upon separation from JV4, fitC4 (Ts) failed to suppress the original fitA76 mutant (pheS5-fit95). Instead, JV4 harboured a modified form of fitA76 designated fitA76* (pheS4-fit95) with G293 → C293 transversion occurred at the same site of pheS5. The fitC4 and fitA76* mutations were genetically separated and reassembled to show that they both suppress each other as like in JV4. The separated fitC4 and fitA76* mutations behave like original fitA76 mutant in terms of transcription abnormality. This study focusses on further characterization of fitC4 and its accompanied mutations. The mutations fitC4, fitA76* and fitC4-fitA76* (reconstructed) are mobilized into new genetic backgrounds where the viability of these strains varied significantly. Growth and transcription abnormalities of fitC4 and fitA76* at 42 °C are restored in the reconstructed strain (fitC4-fitA76*), but not the β-galactosidase induction. As direct evidence, fit95 is shown to suppress fitC4 in a rpoB201 mutation background where fit95 phenotype is completely stabilized. The implications of these results with reference to transcription control by Fit factors in vivo are discussed.
{"title":"Genetic and molecular studies of fitC4 and its suppressors fitA76* and fit95 in Escherichia coli.","authors":"Praveen Belagal","doi":"10.1007/s10123-024-00610-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-024-00610-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fitA/pheS and fitB/pheT genes were previously proposed to function as transcription factors. The originally identified temperature sensitive (Ts) transcription-defective fitA76 mutant was shown to harbour a second mutation, fit95 (pheT) in addition to pheS5 (pheS; G<sub>293</sub> → A<sub>293</sub> transition). A new fit mutation namely, fitC4 (fitC locus) was identified in a Ts<sup>+</sup> derivative of fitA76, namely JV4. Genetic mapping revealed that fitC4 mutation could be an extragenic suppressor, as it mapped at 39.01 min while fitAB loci mapped at 38.7 min on E. coli chromosome. Upon separation from JV4, fitC4 (Ts) failed to suppress the original fitA76 mutant (pheS5-fit95). Instead, JV4 harboured a modified form of fitA76 designated fitA76* (pheS4-fit95) with G<sub>293</sub> → C<sub>293</sub> transversion occurred at the same site of pheS5. The fitC4 and fitA76* mutations were genetically separated and reassembled to show that they both suppress each other as like in JV4. The separated fitC4 and fitA76* mutations behave like original fitA76 mutant in terms of transcription abnormality. This study focusses on further characterization of fitC4 and its accompanied mutations. The mutations fitC4, fitA76* and fitC4-fitA76* (reconstructed) are mobilized into new genetic backgrounds where the viability of these strains varied significantly. Growth and transcription abnormalities of fitC4 and fitA76* at 42 °C are restored in the reconstructed strain (fitC4-fitA76*), but not the β-galactosidase induction. As direct evidence, fit95 is shown to suppress fitC4 in a rpoB201 mutation background where fit95 phenotype is completely stabilized. The implications of these results with reference to transcription control by Fit factors in vivo are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"201-211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-05-13DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00527-5
Samson Debbarma, Shivani Sharma, Anu Kalia
The current study was aimed for the generation of Pleurotus extracellular extract-mediated selenium and zinc-oxide nanoparticles (NPs). The Pleurotus djamor (PD) and Pleurotus sajor-caju (PSC) extracts were incubated with different concentrations of sodium selenate and zinc acetate to yield BioSeNPs and BioZnONPs. The NPs formation led to visual color change (brick-red and white for Se and Zn nanosols, respectively). The synthesized NPs were spherical with size of 124 and 68 nm and 84 and 91 nm for PD and PSC BioSeNPs and BioZnONPs respectively. The UV absorbance peaks were recorded at 293.2 and 292.2 nm and 365.9 and 325.5 nm for BioSeNPs and BioZnONPs derived from PD and PSC respectively. FT-IR spectroscopy indicated specific functional group adoration on metal-based NPs. On supplementation in straw, these NPs improved the fruit body yield besides enhancing their protein and Se/ Zn contents. These biofortified mushrooms could be potential dietary supplement/ nutraceutical.
{"title":"Pleurotus extract-mediated selenium and zinc nanoparticles exhibited improved yield of biofortified fruit bodies.","authors":"Samson Debbarma, Shivani Sharma, Anu Kalia","doi":"10.1007/s10123-024-00527-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-024-00527-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study was aimed for the generation of Pleurotus extracellular extract-mediated selenium and zinc-oxide nanoparticles (NPs). The Pleurotus djamor (PD) and Pleurotus sajor-caju (PSC) extracts were incubated with different concentrations of sodium selenate and zinc acetate to yield BioSeNPs and BioZnONPs. The NPs formation led to visual color change (brick-red and white for Se and Zn nanosols, respectively). The synthesized NPs were spherical with size of 124 and 68 nm and 84 and 91 nm for PD and PSC BioSeNPs and BioZnONPs respectively. The UV absorbance peaks were recorded at 293.2 and 292.2 nm and 365.9 and 325.5 nm for BioSeNPs and BioZnONPs derived from PD and PSC respectively. FT-IR spectroscopy indicated specific functional group adoration on metal-based NPs. On supplementation in straw, these NPs improved the fruit body yield besides enhancing their protein and Se/ Zn contents. These biofortified mushrooms could be potential dietary supplement/ nutraceutical.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"107-118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140916563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The contribution of gut microbiota to human high-altitude adaptation remains inadequately understood.
Methods: Here a comparative analysis of gut microbiota was conducted between healthy individuals living at sea level and high altitude using deep whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing, to investigate the adaptive mechanisms of gut microbiota in plateau inhabitants.
Results: The results showed the gut bacteriomes in high-altitude individuals exhibited greater within-sample diversity and significant alterations in both bacterial compositional and functional profiles when compared to those of sea-level individuals, indicating the potential selection of unique bacteria associated with high-altitude environments. The strain-level investigation revealed enrichment of Collinsella aerofaciens and Akkermansia muciniphila in high-altitude populations. The characteristics of gut virome and gut mycobiome were also investigated. Compared to sea-level subjects, high-altitude subjects exhibited a greater diversity in their gut virome, with an increased number of viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) and unique annotated genes. Finally, correlation analyses revealed 819 significant correlations between 42 bacterial species and 375 vOTUs, while no significant correlations were observed between bacteria and fungi or between fungi and viruses.
Conclusion: The findings have significantly contributed to an enhanced comprehension of the mechanisms underlying the high-altitude geographic adaptation of the human gut microbiota.
{"title":"Characterizations of gut bacteriome, mycobiome, and virome of healthy individuals living in sea-level and high-altitude areas.","authors":"Zhen Xiao, Yue Zhang, Wei Zhang, Aiqin Zhang, Guangyang Wang, Changming Chen, Hayan Ullah, Taj Ayaz, Shenghui Li, Duoji Zhaxi, Qiulong Yan, Jian Kang, Xiaoguang Xu","doi":"10.1007/s10123-024-00531-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-024-00531-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The contribution of gut microbiota to human high-altitude adaptation remains inadequately understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here a comparative analysis of gut microbiota was conducted between healthy individuals living at sea level and high altitude using deep whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing, to investigate the adaptive mechanisms of gut microbiota in plateau inhabitants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed the gut bacteriomes in high-altitude individuals exhibited greater within-sample diversity and significant alterations in both bacterial compositional and functional profiles when compared to those of sea-level individuals, indicating the potential selection of unique bacteria associated with high-altitude environments. The strain-level investigation revealed enrichment of Collinsella aerofaciens and Akkermansia muciniphila in high-altitude populations. The characteristics of gut virome and gut mycobiome were also investigated. Compared to sea-level subjects, high-altitude subjects exhibited a greater diversity in their gut virome, with an increased number of viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs) and unique annotated genes. Finally, correlation analyses revealed 819 significant correlations between 42 bacterial species and 375 vOTUs, while no significant correlations were observed between bacteria and fungi or between fungi and viruses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings have significantly contributed to an enhanced comprehension of the mechanisms underlying the high-altitude geographic adaptation of the human gut microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"173-186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140957442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00522-w
Ashwani Tapwal, Neha Sharma
Abies pindrow, commonly known as the West-Himalayan Fir, holds great ecological importance as a native tree species in the Himalayas. Beyond its value as a fuel and timber source, it serves as a keystone species within the ecosystem. However, over recent years, extensive degradation and deforestation have afflicted A. pindrow forests. Utilizing ectomycorrhizal fungal symbionts of A. pindrow could prove pivotal in restoring these deteriorated forests. This study aimed to evaluate the diversity and composition of the ectomycorrhizal fungal community associated with A. pindrow. We employed ectomycorrhizal root tip morphotyping, sporocarp sampling, and Illumina MiSeq metabarcoding of the ITS region of fungal nrDNA. The ectomycorrhizal root tips were categorized into 10 morphotypes based on their morphological characteristics, exhibiting an average colonization rate of 74%. Sporocarp sampling revealed 22 species across 10 genera, with Russula being the most prevalent. The metabarcoding yielded 285,148 raw sequences, identifying 326 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to 193 genera, 114 families, 45 orders, 22 classes, and 6 divisions. Of these, 36 OTUs across 20 genera were ectomycorrhizal, constituting 63.1% of the fungal community. Notably, Tuber was the most abundant, representing 37.42% of the fungal population, followed by Russula at 21.06%. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of mycorrhizal symbionts of A. pindrow. The findings hold significant implications for utilizing dominant ectomycorrhizal fungi in reforestation endeavors aimed at restoring this important Himalayan conifer.
{"title":"Characterization of ectomycorrhizal fungal community of Abies Pindrow using sporocarp sampling, morphotyping, and metabarcoding through next-generation sequencing.","authors":"Ashwani Tapwal, Neha Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s10123-024-00522-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-024-00522-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abies pindrow, commonly known as the West-Himalayan Fir, holds great ecological importance as a native tree species in the Himalayas. Beyond its value as a fuel and timber source, it serves as a keystone species within the ecosystem. However, over recent years, extensive degradation and deforestation have afflicted A. pindrow forests. Utilizing ectomycorrhizal fungal symbionts of A. pindrow could prove pivotal in restoring these deteriorated forests. This study aimed to evaluate the diversity and composition of the ectomycorrhizal fungal community associated with A. pindrow. We employed ectomycorrhizal root tip morphotyping, sporocarp sampling, and Illumina MiSeq metabarcoding of the ITS region of fungal nrDNA. The ectomycorrhizal root tips were categorized into 10 morphotypes based on their morphological characteristics, exhibiting an average colonization rate of 74%. Sporocarp sampling revealed 22 species across 10 genera, with Russula being the most prevalent. The metabarcoding yielded 285,148 raw sequences, identifying 326 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to 193 genera, 114 families, 45 orders, 22 classes, and 6 divisions. Of these, 36 OTUs across 20 genera were ectomycorrhizal, constituting 63.1% of the fungal community. Notably, Tuber was the most abundant, representing 37.42% of the fungal population, followed by Russula at 21.06%. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of mycorrhizal symbionts of A. pindrow. The findings hold significant implications for utilizing dominant ectomycorrhizal fungi in reforestation endeavors aimed at restoring this important Himalayan conifer.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"69-79"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00518-6
Alejandro Borrego-Ruiz, Juan J Borrego
Diet is one of the most important external factor shaping the composition and metabolic activities of the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in host health, including immune system development, nutrients metabolism, and the synthesis of bioactive molecules. In addition, the gut microbiome has been described as critical for the development of several mental disorders. Nutritional psychiatry is an emerging field of research that may provide a link between diet, microbial function, and brain health. In this study, we have reviewed the influence of different diet types, such as Western, Mediterranean, vegetarian, and ketogenic, on the gut microbiota composition and function, and their implication in various neuropsychiatric and psychological disorders.
{"title":"Human gut microbiome, diet, and mental disorders.","authors":"Alejandro Borrego-Ruiz, Juan J Borrego","doi":"10.1007/s10123-024-00518-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-024-00518-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diet is one of the most important external factor shaping the composition and metabolic activities of the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in host health, including immune system development, nutrients metabolism, and the synthesis of bioactive molecules. In addition, the gut microbiome has been described as critical for the development of several mental disorders. Nutritional psychiatry is an emerging field of research that may provide a link between diet, microbial function, and brain health. In this study, we have reviewed the influence of different diet types, such as Western, Mediterranean, vegetarian, and ketogenic, on the gut microbiota composition and function, and their implication in various neuropsychiatric and psychological disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140335572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-05-13DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00524-8
José Luis Varela, Eleni Nikouli, Antonio Medina, Sokratis Papaspyrou, Konstantinos Kormas
The gills and skin microbiota and microbiome of wild fish remain far more under-investigated compared to that of farmed fish species, despite that these animal-microbe interactions hold the same ecophysiological roles in both cases. In this study, the gills and skin bacterial microbiota profiles and their presumptive bacterial metabolisms were investigated in five open-sea fishes: bullet tuna (Auxis sp.), common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus), Atlantic little tunny (Euthynnus alletteratus), Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda) and Atlantic white marlin (Kajikia albida). Gills and skin tissues were collected from two to three individuals per species, from specimens caught by recreational trolling during summer of 2019, and their bacterial 16S rRNA gene diversity was analysed by high-throughput sequencing. The gills bacterial communities among the five species were clearly different but not the skin bacterial microbiota. The dominant operational taxonomic units belonged to the Moraxellaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Staphylococcaceae and Vibrionaceae families. Despite the differences in taxonomic composition, the presumptive bacterial metabolisms between the gills and skin of the five fishes investigated here were ≥ 94% similar and were dominated by basic metabolism, most likely reflecting the continuous exposure of these tissues in the surrounding seawater.
{"title":"The gills and skin microbiota of five pelagic fish species from the Atlantic Ocean.","authors":"José Luis Varela, Eleni Nikouli, Antonio Medina, Sokratis Papaspyrou, Konstantinos Kormas","doi":"10.1007/s10123-024-00524-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-024-00524-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gills and skin microbiota and microbiome of wild fish remain far more under-investigated compared to that of farmed fish species, despite that these animal-microbe interactions hold the same ecophysiological roles in both cases. In this study, the gills and skin bacterial microbiota profiles and their presumptive bacterial metabolisms were investigated in five open-sea fishes: bullet tuna (Auxis sp.), common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus), Atlantic little tunny (Euthynnus alletteratus), Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda) and Atlantic white marlin (Kajikia albida). Gills and skin tissues were collected from two to three individuals per species, from specimens caught by recreational trolling during summer of 2019, and their bacterial 16S rRNA gene diversity was analysed by high-throughput sequencing. The gills bacterial communities among the five species were clearly different but not the skin bacterial microbiota. The dominant operational taxonomic units belonged to the Moraxellaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Staphylococcaceae and Vibrionaceae families. Despite the differences in taxonomic composition, the presumptive bacterial metabolisms between the gills and skin of the five fishes investigated here were ≥ 94% similar and were dominated by basic metabolism, most likely reflecting the continuous exposure of these tissues in the surrounding seawater.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"95-105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140916626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01Epub Date: 2024-05-15DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00529-3
Somak Banerjee, Anwesha Sarkar, K V Bhaskara Rao
Pigments are coloring agents used widely in different industrial sectors. There is a demand for using natural pigments rather than synthetic dyes because of the health hazards caused by synthetic dyes. Many natural pigments have different medicinal activities which can contribute to the nutritional value of the product. This study was carried forward with marine yeasts which can produce pigments. A total of 4 marine yeast isolates were recovered from the mangrove area of Sundarbans, West Bengal, India. Among them, the isolate KSB1 produced 856 µg/g total concentration of carotenoid pigment and the dry mass weight was 3.56 g/L. The stability of the extracted pigments was checked using temperature, pH, UV light exposure time, and different saline conditions. The pigments were characterized using HPLC and FTIR analysis. All of the extracted pigments showed good antioxidant activity in DPPH, metal chelating, and reducing power assay. The pigments were also found to have good antibacterial activity against the bacterial pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli. Carotenoid pigment from KSB1 was found to have maximum activity in all the pathogens. The cytogenotoxicity using onion roots and phytotoxicity analysis indicated that the pigments were non-toxic and safe for cells. Finally, the potential marine yeast was identified using 18 s rRNA sequencing and identified as Rhodotorula sp. KSB1 (Accession no. MH782232).
{"title":"Extraction and characterization of carotenoid pigments with antioxidant and antibacterial potential from marine yeast Rhodotorula sp. KSB1.","authors":"Somak Banerjee, Anwesha Sarkar, K V Bhaskara Rao","doi":"10.1007/s10123-024-00529-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10123-024-00529-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pigments are coloring agents used widely in different industrial sectors. There is a demand for using natural pigments rather than synthetic dyes because of the health hazards caused by synthetic dyes. Many natural pigments have different medicinal activities which can contribute to the nutritional value of the product. This study was carried forward with marine yeasts which can produce pigments. A total of 4 marine yeast isolates were recovered from the mangrove area of Sundarbans, West Bengal, India. Among them, the isolate KSB1 produced 856 µg/g total concentration of carotenoid pigment and the dry mass weight was 3.56 g/L. The stability of the extracted pigments was checked using temperature, pH, UV light exposure time, and different saline conditions. The pigments were characterized using HPLC and FTIR analysis. All of the extracted pigments showed good antioxidant activity in DPPH, metal chelating, and reducing power assay. The pigments were also found to have good antibacterial activity against the bacterial pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli. Carotenoid pigment from KSB1 was found to have maximum activity in all the pathogens. The cytogenotoxicity using onion roots and phytotoxicity analysis indicated that the pigments were non-toxic and safe for cells. Finally, the potential marine yeast was identified using 18 s rRNA sequencing and identified as Rhodotorula sp. KSB1 (Accession no. MH782232).</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"137-156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140921263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bacterial infections causing necrotic enteritis and diarrhea pose a considerable economic loss to the animal industry. Using mannose oligosaccharides as competitive exclusion agents is an alternative method to antibiotic growth promoters; however, these materials are rapidly metabolized by gut microbiota, posing a challenge in sustaining their efficacy. The aim of this study was to identify an agglutination material that is effective against pathogens. Polysaccharides and salts were assessed using agglutination assays, microscopy, and zeta potential analysis. Gum arabic (GA) demonstrated strong agglutination against Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. Potassium chloride altered the cell form of Clostridium perfringens from rod-like to coccoid. When combined with GA, KCl effectively agglutinated all three bacterial species tested. Zeta potential analysis showed that agglutination resulted from bacteria, GA, and KCl interactions. Among various salts mixed with GA, KCl was found to strongly agglutinate C. perfringens upon its change into the coccoid form. Moreover, this combination has been shown to agglutinate mixtures of pathogens, such as C. perfringens and S. enterica. Thus, a combination of GA and KCl offers a potential solution to combat the pathogens associated with necrotic enteritis and diarrhea in animals.
{"title":"Agglutination of Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, and Salmonella enterica through competitive exclusion using potassium chloride with gum arabic.","authors":"Akinori Uehara, Mayumi Maekawa, Yasuteru Sakamoto, Kazuki Nakagawa","doi":"10.1007/s10123-024-00625-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-024-00625-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial infections causing necrotic enteritis and diarrhea pose a considerable economic loss to the animal industry. Using mannose oligosaccharides as competitive exclusion agents is an alternative method to antibiotic growth promoters; however, these materials are rapidly metabolized by gut microbiota, posing a challenge in sustaining their efficacy. The aim of this study was to identify an agglutination material that is effective against pathogens. Polysaccharides and salts were assessed using agglutination assays, microscopy, and zeta potential analysis. Gum arabic (GA) demonstrated strong agglutination against Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. Potassium chloride altered the cell form of Clostridium perfringens from rod-like to coccoid. When combined with GA, KCl effectively agglutinated all three bacterial species tested. Zeta potential analysis showed that agglutination resulted from bacteria, GA, and KCl interactions. Among various salts mixed with GA, KCl was found to strongly agglutinate C. perfringens upon its change into the coccoid form. Moreover, this combination has been shown to agglutinate mixtures of pathogens, such as C. perfringens and S. enterica. Thus, a combination of GA and KCl offers a potential solution to combat the pathogens associated with necrotic enteritis and diarrhea in animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-30DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00630-7
Mustafa Ozkan Baltacı, Seyda Albayrak, Sumeyye Akbulut, Elanur Dasdemir, Hakan Ozkan, Ahmet Adiguzel, Mesut Taskin
The major barrier to the wide-range application of biosurfactants is their high cost of production and low yield. In this study, waste frying oil (WFO) was used as the sole carbon source to produce cost-effective and eco-friendly rhamnolipids by Halopseudomonas sabulinigri OZK5 isolated from crude oil-contaminated soil samples. The optimal culture conditions for rhamnolipid production were determined as 30 ml/l waste frying oil, 37 °C temperature, pH 8, and 72 h incubation time. Under the optimized conditions 2.97 g/l rhamnolipid production was achieved. With a critical micelle concentration of 50 mg/l, the rhamnolipids could reduce the surface tension of water to 37.5 mN/m and demonstrate strong emulsifying activity (E24 = 67.3%). As a result of FTIR analyses, major peaks were obtained at 2924, 2854, 1720, 1570, 1396, 1051, and 981 cm-1. In conclusion, rhamnolipid production by non-pathogenic Halopseudomonas sabulinigri OZK5 using a low-cost fermentation medium has been shown to be biotechnologically promising.
{"title":"Production of cost-effective rhamnolipid from Halopseudomonas sabulinigri OZK5 using waste frying oil.","authors":"Mustafa Ozkan Baltacı, Seyda Albayrak, Sumeyye Akbulut, Elanur Dasdemir, Hakan Ozkan, Ahmet Adiguzel, Mesut Taskin","doi":"10.1007/s10123-024-00630-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-024-00630-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The major barrier to the wide-range application of biosurfactants is their high cost of production and low yield. In this study, waste frying oil (WFO) was used as the sole carbon source to produce cost-effective and eco-friendly rhamnolipids by Halopseudomonas sabulinigri OZK5 isolated from crude oil-contaminated soil samples. The optimal culture conditions for rhamnolipid production were determined as 30 ml/l waste frying oil, 37 °C temperature, pH 8, and 72 h incubation time. Under the optimized conditions 2.97 g/l rhamnolipid production was achieved. With a critical micelle concentration of 50 mg/l, the rhamnolipids could reduce the surface tension of water to 37.5 mN/m and demonstrate strong emulsifying activity (E24 = 67.3%). As a result of FTIR analyses, major peaks were obtained at 2924, 2854, 1720, 1570, 1396, 1051, and 981 cm<sup>-1</sup>. In conclusion, rhamnolipid production by non-pathogenic Halopseudomonas sabulinigri OZK5 using a low-cost fermentation medium has been shown to be biotechnologically promising.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142909702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-27DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00627-2
Sikander Ali, Hijab Zahra, M Usman Ahmad, Rukhma, Najeeb Ullah, Abid Sarwar, Tariq Aziz, Metab Alharbi, Abdullah F Alasmari, Thamer H Albekairi
The present research work is concerned with the production and optimization of the dopa-oxidase enzyme by using pre-grown mycelia of Aspergillus oryzae. Different strains of A. oryzae were collected and isolated from various soil samples. Out of 32 isolated strains, isolates 19 and 27 were selected as they showed higher dopa-oxidase activity. Biomass harvesting was accomplished in a medium containing chloramphenicol as an antibiotic. The mycelia were filtered, washed with cold water, and stored at 4 ºC. A dopa-oxidase assay was performed, and absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 505 nm. Different physical parameters such as medium pH (6), temperature (30 ºC), and inoculum size (1.5% v/v) were optimized after the results of the assay. Other parameters like nitrogen requirements, biomass level (2 mg/ml), L-tyrosine (3.75 mg/ml), and L-ascorbic acid (8.75 mg/ml) concentrations were evaluated by reaction procedure. Certain micro and macronutrients and stabilizers, including Rochelle salt (20 µM), glycerol (25 µM), orthophosphoric acid (15 µM), and ethanol (20 µM), can also increase dopa-oxidase activity. In the last stage, the time of incubation (48 h) was optimized for maximum dopa-oxidase activity as well as L-dopaquinone production. Hence, from the results of the present study, it was observed that the activity of dopa-oxidase could be increased in the reaction mixture by the addition of various substances. They enhanced the dopa-oxidase activity up to 34.18 and 29.02 U/ml for isolates 19 and 27, respectively. In the future, dopa-oxidase can be used to produce stable L-dopaquinone from L-phenylalanine, which will provide clinical applications.
{"title":"Maximizing dopa-oxidase activity in Aspergillus oryzae mycelia: insights into production optimization and potential biomedical applications.","authors":"Sikander Ali, Hijab Zahra, M Usman Ahmad, Rukhma, Najeeb Ullah, Abid Sarwar, Tariq Aziz, Metab Alharbi, Abdullah F Alasmari, Thamer H Albekairi","doi":"10.1007/s10123-024-00627-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-024-00627-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present research work is concerned with the production and optimization of the dopa-oxidase enzyme by using pre-grown mycelia of Aspergillus oryzae. Different strains of A. oryzae were collected and isolated from various soil samples. Out of 32 isolated strains, isolates 19 and 27 were selected as they showed higher dopa-oxidase activity. Biomass harvesting was accomplished in a medium containing chloramphenicol as an antibiotic. The mycelia were filtered, washed with cold water, and stored at 4 ºC. A dopa-oxidase assay was performed, and absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 505 nm. Different physical parameters such as medium pH (6), temperature (30 ºC), and inoculum size (1.5% v/v) were optimized after the results of the assay. Other parameters like nitrogen requirements, biomass level (2 mg/ml), L-tyrosine (3.75 mg/ml), and L-ascorbic acid (8.75 mg/ml) concentrations were evaluated by reaction procedure. Certain micro and macronutrients and stabilizers, including Rochelle salt (20 µM), glycerol (25 µM), orthophosphoric acid (15 µM), and ethanol (20 µM), can also increase dopa-oxidase activity. In the last stage, the time of incubation (48 h) was optimized for maximum dopa-oxidase activity as well as L-dopaquinone production. Hence, from the results of the present study, it was observed that the activity of dopa-oxidase could be increased in the reaction mixture by the addition of various substances. They enhanced the dopa-oxidase activity up to 34.18 and 29.02 U/ml for isolates 19 and 27, respectively. In the future, dopa-oxidase can be used to produce stable L-dopaquinone from L-phenylalanine, which will provide clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14318,"journal":{"name":"International Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142894535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}