Oil palm is the main vegetable oil-producing crop in Indonesia. Leaf spot disease is one of the major diseases that attacks oil palm seedlings at all seedling stages. In Indonesia, leaf spot disease in oil palm nurseries is most commonly caused by the genus Curvularia with an infection intensity of up to 60–70%. The control of leaf spot disease usually uses chemical fungicides but its continuous use can cause the development of resistant pathogen fungi and have a long-term negative impact on the environment. False elder (Peronema canescens Jack) leaves have bioactivity as an antimicrobial control disease caused by fungal infections. In this study, Curvularia was isolated from oil palm seedlings infected with leaf spot disease from oil palm nurseries in South Sumatra. Effectiveness testing of P. canescens leaves conducted by a Completely Randomized Design method with five treatments and three replications. The fungi that caused leaf spot disease in oil palm were identified as Curvularia eragrostidis. P. canescens leaf water extract at 25% concentration was very ineffective to quite effective in controlling disease severity based on the average number of spots and diameter of spots in oil palm with the values 36.25–59.50% and 12.50–27.78%. P. canescens leaf water extract could reduce the average number of spots and diameter of spots started on day 30 after being sprayed three times with P. canescens leaf water extract so that it could be used as an alternative to control C. eragrostidis leaf spot disease in oil palm that is more friendly to the environment.
{"title":"Identification of Curvularia eragrostidis (Henn.) J.A.Mey. the Leaf Spot Pathogen of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) and It’s Control by False Elder (Peronema canescens Jack) Leaf Extract","authors":"Anya Via Febriani, R. Kasiamdari","doi":"10.35876/ijop.v6i2.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35876/ijop.v6i2.111","url":null,"abstract":"Oil palm is the main vegetable oil-producing crop in Indonesia. Leaf spot disease is one of the major diseases that attacks oil palm seedlings at all seedling stages. In Indonesia, leaf spot disease in oil palm nurseries is most commonly caused by the genus Curvularia with an infection intensity of up to 60–70%. The control of leaf spot disease usually uses chemical fungicides but its continuous use can cause the development of resistant pathogen fungi and have a long-term negative impact on the environment. False elder (Peronema canescens Jack) leaves have bioactivity as an antimicrobial control disease caused by fungal infections. In this study, Curvularia was isolated from oil palm seedlings infected with leaf spot disease from oil palm nurseries in South Sumatra. Effectiveness testing of P. canescens leaves conducted by a Completely Randomized Design method with five treatments and three replications. The fungi that caused leaf spot disease in oil palm were identified as Curvularia eragrostidis. P. canescens leaf water extract at 25% concentration was very ineffective to quite effective in controlling disease severity based on the average number of spots and diameter of spots in oil palm with the values 36.25–59.50% and 12.50–27.78%. P. canescens leaf water extract could reduce the average number of spots and diameter of spots started on day 30 after being sprayed three times with P. canescens leaf water extract so that it could be used as an alternative to control C. eragrostidis leaf spot disease in oil palm that is more friendly to the environment.","PeriodicalId":14324,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oil Palm","volume":"22 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140971965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The removal of phosphorous from crude oil is a complex and necessary step to enhance the oxidative stability and shelf life of edible oil. In this aspect, the current work proposed clay based degumming aid for the removal of phosphorous from the crude palm oil during the bleaching process. The state of art qualitative and quantitative techniques was adopted for the study of physical and chemical properties of different raw materials and oil. A profound study on the stability of the degumming aid is based on the assessment of phosphorous removal efficiency with time (up to 6 months) and bleachability. The results of current work revealed that clay based degumming aid is highly effective in removing phosphorous up to 96%. Additionally, the bleaching performance of clay-based aid is also palpable (around 45%), which influences the deodorization process of the crude palm oil positively. The clay based degumming aid eliminate separate degumming process with acids, which directly impact the oil processing time and cost. Overall, proposed clay based degumming aid is highly efficient, stable for long time and cost effective as well, for the removal of undesired phosphorous from the crude palm oil during the bleaching process.
{"title":"Highly Efficient Clay Based Degumming Aid for Phosphorous Removal from Crude Palm Oil","authors":"Indu Bajpai, Pawan Pal, Sanjeev Bhasin","doi":"10.35876/ijop.v6i2.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35876/ijop.v6i2.108","url":null,"abstract":"The removal of phosphorous from crude oil is a complex and necessary step to enhance the oxidative stability and shelf life of edible oil. In this aspect, the current work proposed clay based degumming aid for the removal of phosphorous from the crude palm oil during the bleaching process. The state of art qualitative and quantitative techniques was adopted for the study of physical and chemical properties of different raw materials and oil. A profound study on the stability of the degumming aid is based on the assessment of phosphorous removal efficiency with time (up to 6 months) and bleachability. The results of current work revealed that clay based degumming aid is highly effective in removing phosphorous up to 96%. Additionally, the bleaching performance of clay-based aid is also palpable (around 45%), which influences the deodorization process of the crude palm oil positively. The clay based degumming aid eliminate separate degumming process with acids, which directly impact the oil processing time and cost. Overall, proposed clay based degumming aid is highly efficient, stable for long time and cost effective as well, for the removal of undesired phosphorous from the crude palm oil during the bleaching process. ","PeriodicalId":14324,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oil Palm","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140968626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oil palm is a west African crop. The trade in palm oil has emerged during the industrial revolution led by Britain, this palm oil was used to lubricate machines. In 1960s, Nigeria was the largest producer of palm oil globally, which accounted for the 43% of palm oil production entirely, but then the entire production declined due to some factors that slowed the palm oil production growth. While in Malaysia, oil palm production serves as the leading and contributing sector to its economy; and it also achieved recognition globally. Palm oil has made a huge contribution to Malaysia economic growth by providing employment, improving infrastructure, alleviating poverty, and generating income for workers and government. This paper objective is to explore the Nigerian decline and Malaysian sustainability on palm oil. It is a qualitative paper, it used primary and secondary method to collect data. The primary method used open-ended interview to collect data, while the secondary method used documents such as: books, journal, conference papers to collect data; and it employed inductive thematic analysis for analysing the interview data collected. It used ATLAS.ti 8 software to help analyse the data. The finding is Nigerian decline which includes: oil boom in 1970s and decline in agriculture, civil war, and traditional palm oil production; and Malaysian sustainability on palm oil includes: environmental consciousness, economic escalation, and social commitment. In conclusion, Nigeria has to learn from Malaysian sustainability to recover its production.
{"title":"The Palm Oil Industry in Nigeria and Malaysia: Decline and Economic Sustainability","authors":"S. Shehu, Mohd Afandi Salleh","doi":"10.35876/ijop.v6i2.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35876/ijop.v6i2.105","url":null,"abstract":"Oil palm is a west African crop. The trade in palm oil has emerged during the industrial revolution led by Britain, this palm oil was used to lubricate machines. In 1960s, Nigeria was the largest producer of palm oil globally, which accounted for the 43% of palm oil production entirely, but then the entire production declined due to some factors that slowed the palm oil production growth. While in Malaysia, oil palm production serves as the leading and contributing sector to its economy; and it also achieved recognition globally. Palm oil has made a huge contribution to Malaysia economic growth by providing employment, improving infrastructure, alleviating poverty, and generating income for workers and government. This paper objective is to explore the Nigerian decline and Malaysian sustainability on palm oil. It is a qualitative paper, it used primary and secondary method to collect data. The primary method used open-ended interview to collect data, while the secondary method used documents such as: books, journal, conference papers to collect data; and it employed inductive thematic analysis for analysing the interview data collected. It used ATLAS.ti 8 software to help analyse the data. The finding is Nigerian decline which includes: oil boom in 1970s and decline in agriculture, civil war, and traditional palm oil production; and Malaysian sustainability on palm oil includes: environmental consciousness, economic escalation, and social commitment. In conclusion, Nigeria has to learn from Malaysian sustainability to recover its production.","PeriodicalId":14324,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oil Palm","volume":"10 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140966902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ferdy Christian Hartanto, N. Atikah, Mohammad Sahid Indrawan, A. Tambunan
Palm oil mill effluent contains organic matter and microorganisms that can potentially be reused despite of its impact to the environment. Microbial electrolysis cell is a method that utilizes electrogenic bacteria to produce hydrogen gas. This study aims to explore the potential for utilizing palm oil mill effluent to produce hydrogen gas using microbial electrolysis cells. Experiments were conducted in a specially built MEC reactor with a 3.5 L capacity with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 V with carbon fiber cloth as electrodes. A gas analyzer was used to measure hydrogen gas over the course of 24 h at a 2 h interval. Palm oil mill effluent was utilized as a substrate, while distilled water was used as a control. Experiments demonstrate that the amount of hydrogen gas produced increases as the voltage increases, with values of 37 mg m-3 at 0.5 V, 136 mg m-3 at 1.0 V, and 358 mg m-3 at 1.5 V. When comparing the yield of hydrogen gas produced with distilled water substrate at 1.5 V, the yield of palm oil mill effluent substrate is always higher. This could be due to microbial activity increasing the rate of electrolysis of the substrate into hydrogen gas.
{"title":"Potential for Utilizing POME to Produce Biohydrogen Gas Using Microbial Electrolysis Cell","authors":"Ferdy Christian Hartanto, N. Atikah, Mohammad Sahid Indrawan, A. Tambunan","doi":"10.35876/ijop.v5i2.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35876/ijop.v5i2.78","url":null,"abstract":"Palm oil mill effluent contains organic matter and microorganisms that can potentially be reused despite of its impact to the environment. Microbial electrolysis cell is a method that utilizes electrogenic bacteria to produce hydrogen gas. This study aims to explore the potential for utilizing palm oil mill effluent to produce hydrogen gas using microbial electrolysis cells. Experiments were conducted in a specially built MEC reactor with a 3.5 L capacity with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 V with carbon fiber cloth as electrodes. A gas analyzer was used to measure hydrogen gas over the course of 24 h at a 2 h interval. Palm oil mill effluent was utilized as a substrate, while distilled water was used as a control. Experiments demonstrate that the amount of hydrogen gas produced increases as the voltage increases, with values of 37 mg m-3 at 0.5 V, 136 mg m-3 at 1.0 V, and 358 mg m-3 at 1.5 V. When comparing the yield of hydrogen gas produced with distilled water substrate at 1.5 V, the yield of palm oil mill effluent substrate is always higher. This could be due to microbial activity increasing the rate of electrolysis of the substrate into hydrogen gas.","PeriodicalId":14324,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oil Palm","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82406287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Azhar, Muhammad Iqbal Tawakkal, A. Sari, A. Rizali, S. Tarigan, R. Nazarreta, D. Buchori
Integrating plantation landscape with vegetation/tree diversity has been proposed as a strategy to maintain crop production (for livelihood) while increasing biodiversity, habitat complexity and ecological functions. The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of tree biodiversity in experimental biodiversity enrichment in oil palm plantation to beneficial insects, especially ants and parasitoid wasps in the EFForTS-BEE research plot. Beneficial insects in experimental enrichment oil palm plantation are very important to be studied so that ecosystem services that are related with the changes of the plant structures over time can be understood better. Insect collections were done in two years, 2018 and 2019. Direct sampling was used to collect actual insects, pitfall traps to trap ground dwelling insects, yellow pan traps and malaise trap to trap low-flying insects, and sweep net to collect general insects. Overall, we collected 76 species of 6423 individual ants, and 174 morphospecies of 867 parasitoid wasps in this research. Abundance of ants and parasitoid wasps were not influenced either by tree diversity level in the plot nor the various plant diversity. In contrast, tree diversity level has strongly influenced species richness of ants and partially affected species richness of parasitoid wasps. In conclusion, there are positive correlation between ants’ and parasitoid wasps’ species richness and vegetation abundance.
{"title":"Tree Diversity Enhance Species Richness of Beneficial Insect in Experimental Biodiversity Enrichment in Oil Palm Plantation","authors":"A. Azhar, Muhammad Iqbal Tawakkal, A. Sari, A. Rizali, S. Tarigan, R. Nazarreta, D. Buchori","doi":"10.35876/ijop.v5i2.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35876/ijop.v5i2.82","url":null,"abstract":"Integrating plantation landscape with vegetation/tree diversity has been proposed as a strategy to maintain crop production (for livelihood) while increasing biodiversity, habitat complexity and ecological functions. The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of tree biodiversity in experimental biodiversity enrichment in oil palm plantation to beneficial insects, especially ants and parasitoid wasps in the EFForTS-BEE research plot. Beneficial insects in experimental enrichment oil palm plantation are very important to be studied so that ecosystem services that are related with the changes of the plant structures over time can be understood better. Insect collections were done in two years, 2018 and 2019. Direct sampling was used to collect actual insects, pitfall traps to trap ground dwelling insects, yellow pan traps and malaise trap to trap low-flying insects, and sweep net to collect general insects. Overall, we collected 76 species of 6423 individual ants, and 174 morphospecies of 867 parasitoid wasps in this research. Abundance of ants and parasitoid wasps were not influenced either by tree diversity level in the plot nor the various plant diversity. In contrast, tree diversity level has strongly influenced species richness of ants and partially affected species richness of parasitoid wasps. In conclusion, there are positive correlation between ants’ and parasitoid wasps’ species richness and vegetation abundance.","PeriodicalId":14324,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oil Palm","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87474160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of synthetic antibacterial liquid hand soap such as triclosan has begun to be avoided. Therefore it is necessary to find an antibacterial alternative that is safe for the skin and friendly to the environment. One of the environmentally friendly antibacterial alternatives is liquid smoke resulting from the pyrolysis process from coconut shells. The purpose of this study was to obtain the right concentration of liquid smoke for liquid hand soap made from palm MES surfactants and glycerol. The stages of the research were raw material analysis, liquid soap formulation (surfactant methyl ester sulfonate 7.5%, surfactant diethanolamide 5%, palm glycerol 9%, sodium chloride 1%, liquid smoke grade I, and distilled water). The treatments in this study were the addition of 1, 3, and 5% grade I liquid smoke. The next stage is an analysis of the physicochemical properties of the resulting liquid soap product, quality test was carried out based on SNI 2588: 2017, and a product effectiveness test. Liquid soap with the addition of 1% liquid smoke showed the best results with a density value of 1.037 g cm-3, specific gravity 1.04, viscosity 11,560 cP, surface tension 29.08 dyne cm-1, pH 7.2, free fatty acids 0.27%, ingredients insoluble in ethanol 0.14%, the total active ingredient is 12.52%, the number of plates is 990 CFU g-1, the colony reduction is 61.13%, and has the minimal pungent aroma.
{"title":"Liquid Smoke from Coconut Shell Pyrolysis Process on Palm Surfactant Based Liquid Hand Soap","authors":"Shafira Nurfadhila, E. Hambali","doi":"10.35876/ijop.v5i2.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35876/ijop.v5i2.71","url":null,"abstract":"The use of synthetic antibacterial liquid hand soap such as triclosan has begun to be avoided. Therefore it is necessary to find an antibacterial alternative that is safe for the skin and friendly to the environment. One of the environmentally friendly antibacterial alternatives is liquid smoke resulting from the pyrolysis process from coconut shells. The purpose of this study was to obtain the right concentration of liquid smoke for liquid hand soap made from palm MES surfactants and glycerol. The stages of the research were raw material analysis, liquid soap formulation (surfactant methyl ester sulfonate 7.5%, surfactant diethanolamide 5%, palm glycerol 9%, sodium chloride 1%, liquid smoke grade I, and distilled water). The treatments in this study were the addition of 1, 3, and 5% grade I liquid smoke. The next stage is an analysis of the physicochemical properties of the resulting liquid soap product, quality test was carried out based on SNI 2588: 2017, and a product effectiveness test. Liquid soap with the addition of 1% liquid smoke showed the best results with a density value of 1.037 g cm-3, specific gravity 1.04, viscosity 11,560 cP, surface tension 29.08 dyne cm-1, pH 7.2, free fatty acids 0.27%, ingredients insoluble in ethanol 0.14%, the total active ingredient is 12.52%, the number of plates is 990 CFU g-1, the colony reduction is 61.13%, and has the minimal pungent aroma.","PeriodicalId":14324,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oil Palm","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84945602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Norliza Abu Bakar, Fadila Ahmad Malike, M. Amiruddin, M. O. Abdullah
A long-term evaluation on fourteen D x P progenies of introgressed MPOB-Nigeria dura x AVROS pisifera were laid down in a randomized complete block design in two replicates with 371 palms in 2002. The aim was to evaluate the performance of fresh fruit bunch yield, bunch quality and vegetative traits among progenies. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant difference for all traits, indicating the existence of substantial variability within these population. In all cases, the phenotypic coefficient of variance was higher than the genotypic coefficients. Broad-sense heritability values estimated ranged from 8.85% to 100% for all the traits studied. The fresh fruit bunch also was found to be positively and highly correlated with bunch number, average bunch weight, oil yield ratio and kernel yield ratio. PK 3248 and PK 3166 were preferred as potential parental lines in breeding programmes and to be included in introgression with advanced breeding populations such as Deli dura.
{"title":"Genetic Variability and Performance of MPOB-Nigeria Dura x AVROS Pisifera Planting Materials","authors":"Norliza Abu Bakar, Fadila Ahmad Malike, M. Amiruddin, M. O. Abdullah","doi":"10.35876/ijop.v5i1.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35876/ijop.v5i1.76","url":null,"abstract":" A long-term evaluation on fourteen D x P progenies of introgressed MPOB-Nigeria dura x AVROS pisifera were laid down in a randomized complete block design in two replicates with 371 palms in 2002. The aim was to evaluate the performance of fresh fruit bunch yield, bunch quality and vegetative traits among progenies. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant difference for all traits, indicating the existence of substantial variability within these population. In all cases, the phenotypic coefficient of variance was higher than the genotypic coefficients. Broad-sense heritability values estimated ranged from 8.85% to 100% for all the traits studied. The fresh fruit bunch also was found to be positively and highly correlated with bunch number, average bunch weight, oil yield ratio and kernel yield ratio. PK 3248 and PK 3166 were preferred as potential parental lines in breeding programmes and to be included in introgression with advanced breeding populations such as Deli dura.","PeriodicalId":14324,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oil Palm","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83468939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hasan, Ilma Fadhil, M. Fahmid, Tauhiduddin Ahmad
In 2020 Indonesian smallholder farmers produced around 35 % of the total palm oil production, the most traded vegetable oil. Smallholders play an essential role in developing country economies – most strikingly due to their success at reducing poverty and improving social benefits. The cultivation of palm oil has proven benefits for the smallholders themselves and the local community. However, oil palm smallholders are at risk of being cut out of global supply chains by European union (EU) regulations. The EU’s discrimination against palm oil smallholders is wide-ranging, including the EU Renewable Energy Directive II and the forthcoming Due Diligence Regulation imposing restrictions designed to undermine Indonesian palm oil in the global marketplace. This paper elaborates on how palm oil smallholders contribute to desirable economic and social goals and how the approach of the EU is deliberately undermining those goals.
{"title":"Impact of the European Union Regulations on Indonesian Oil Palm Smallholder Farmers","authors":"M. Hasan, Ilma Fadhil, M. Fahmid, Tauhiduddin Ahmad","doi":"10.35876/ijop.v5i1.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35876/ijop.v5i1.69","url":null,"abstract":" In 2020 Indonesian smallholder farmers produced around 35 % of the total palm oil production, the most traded vegetable oil. Smallholders play an essential role in developing country economies – most strikingly due to their success at reducing poverty and improving social benefits. The cultivation of palm oil has proven benefits for the smallholders themselves and the local community. However, oil palm smallholders are at risk of being cut out of global supply chains by European union (EU) regulations. The EU’s discrimination against palm oil smallholders is wide-ranging, including the EU Renewable Energy Directive II and the forthcoming Due Diligence Regulation imposing restrictions designed to undermine Indonesian palm oil in the global marketplace. This paper elaborates on how palm oil smallholders contribute to desirable economic and social goals and how the approach of the EU is deliberately undermining those goals.","PeriodicalId":14324,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oil Palm","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85859794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leaf spot is the primary disease on oil palm nurseries. The symptom of the disease is leaf spots are round to oval in shape and vary in color from yellow to brown to black. The initial size may be as small as a pin point. Some leaf spots initially appear as lesions. During disease development, leaf spots will have a contrasting colored edge or halo - e.g., brown spot with a yellow halo, tan center with brown edge or gray center with black edge and a yellow halo. As the leaf spots expand in size, the shape and coloration may change. As the disease progresses, leaf spots often coalesce (merge together) to form large areas of blighted tissue. If the disease continues to develop, leaflets or the entire leaf may die prematurely. The disease also causes stunted and even plant death. Disease control methods that rely primarily on biological agents and do not include fertilizers are less effective in the field. Therefore, the development of organic fertilizer formulations and the use of biocontrol agents are expected to assist oil palm nurseries in suppressing leaf spot disease. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of organic fertilizer and biocontrol agents on leaf spot disease. The results showed that the treatment of Organic Fertilizer and biocontrol agents was able to reduce 47.19% leaf spot disease after five weeks of application.
{"title":"Efficacy of Microbial Concortia with Liquid Organic Fertilizer for Leaf Spot Disease Control on Oil Palm Nursery","authors":"Akhmad Faisal Malik, Tiara Dwi Nurmalita, Anastastia Raditya Hidayanti","doi":"10.35876/ijop.v5i1.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35876/ijop.v5i1.70","url":null,"abstract":"Leaf spot is the primary disease on oil palm nurseries. The symptom of the disease is leaf spots are round to oval in shape and vary in color from yellow to brown to black. The initial size may be as small as a pin point. Some leaf spots initially appear as lesions. During disease development, leaf spots will have a contrasting colored edge or halo - e.g., brown spot with a yellow halo, tan center with brown edge or gray center with black edge and a yellow halo. As the leaf spots expand in size, the shape and coloration may change. As the disease progresses, leaf spots often coalesce (merge together) to form large areas of blighted tissue. If the disease continues to develop, leaflets or the entire leaf may die prematurely. The disease also causes stunted and even plant death. Disease control methods that rely primarily on biological agents and do not include fertilizers are less effective in the field. Therefore, the development of organic fertilizer formulations and the use of biocontrol agents are expected to assist oil palm nurseries in suppressing leaf spot disease. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of organic fertilizer and biocontrol agents on leaf spot disease. The results showed that the treatment of Organic Fertilizer and biocontrol agents was able to reduce 47.19% leaf spot disease after five weeks of application.","PeriodicalId":14324,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oil Palm","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76024632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on data from the Directorate General of Plantations in 2018, the tendency of expanding the acreage of self-contained oil palm plantations is continuing. It is feared that the continued expansion of land by both companies and smallholder plantations could cause natural damage and gas emissions that lead to the loss of biodiversity. This has led to a lot of criticism from various parties stating that the palm oil industry is responsible for all the risks that occur. To overcome this, the government implements a governance system (certification) for the entire palm oil industry. Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) is a certification system issued by Indonesian government to reduce the negative impacts of land expansion and to achieve sustainable palm oil. In its implementation in the field, the implementation of ISPO encounters several obstacles, particularly independent plantations such as difficult and complex legality issues, lack of knowledge that causes a lot of land clearing by burning and continuous land expansion. This research needs to be conducted to see the readiness of independent oil palm smallholders in implementing ISPO with descriptive methods and gap analysis. This research was conducted in Engkersik Village, Sekadau Hilir District, Sekadau Regency, the method of determining the sample was using slovin, amounting to 31 farmers. ISPO consist of 4 principles, criteria and indicators are used as variables in this study. The analysis results of all the principle show that farmers are ready with a readiness percentage of 60.9%, where each principle’s percentage of The Legality of Self-Manage Plantation is 75%, The Organization of Farmers and Management of Self-Manage Plantation is 62%, Environmental Management and Monitoring is 43%, and Continuious Business Improvement is 58%, although there are still gaps in its application. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out more effective socialization and training to farmers to minimize the gap.
{"title":"The Readiness of Self-Manage Oil Palm Farmers at Sekadau District in ISPO Implementation","authors":"Eka Jaya Soebirin, Maswadi, Anita Suharyani","doi":"10.35876/ijop.v2i2.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35876/ijop.v2i2.66","url":null,"abstract":"Based on data from the Directorate General of Plantations in 2018, the tendency of expanding the acreage of self-contained oil palm plantations is continuing. It is feared that the continued expansion of land by both companies and smallholder plantations could cause natural damage and gas emissions that lead to the loss of biodiversity. This has led to a lot of criticism from various parties stating that the palm oil industry is responsible for all the risks that occur. To overcome this, the government implements a governance system (certification) for the entire palm oil industry. Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) is a certification system issued by Indonesian government to reduce the negative impacts of land expansion and to achieve sustainable palm oil. In its implementation in the field, the implementation of ISPO encounters several obstacles, particularly independent plantations such as difficult and complex legality issues, lack of knowledge that causes a lot of land clearing by burning and continuous land expansion. This research needs to be conducted to see the readiness of independent oil palm smallholders in implementing ISPO with descriptive methods and gap analysis. This research was conducted in Engkersik Village, Sekadau Hilir District, Sekadau Regency, the method of determining the sample was using slovin, amounting to 31 farmers. ISPO consist of 4 principles, criteria and indicators are used as variables in this study. The analysis results of all the principle show that farmers are ready with a readiness percentage of 60.9%, where each principle’s percentage of The Legality of Self-Manage Plantation is 75%, The Organization of Farmers and Management of Self-Manage Plantation is 62%, Environmental Management and Monitoring is 43%, and Continuious Business Improvement is 58%, although there are still gaps in its application. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out more effective socialization and training to farmers to minimize the gap.","PeriodicalId":14324,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oil Palm","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84486620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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