International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism最新文献_第10页

Effect of Different Exercise Training Modalities on Fasting Levels of Oxylipins and Endocannabinoids in Middle-Aged Sedentary Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. 不同运动训练方式对中年久坐成年人空腹氧化脂素和内源性大麻素水平的影响:一项随机对照试验。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism

Pub Date : 2022-03-26 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0332

L. Jurado-Fasoli, Wei Yang, Isabelle Kohler, M. Dote-Montero, Francisco J. Osuna-Prieto, Xinyu Di, T. Hankemeier, E. Krekels, A. Harms, M. Castillo, F. Amaro-Gahete, B. Martínez-Téllez

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different exercise training programs on fasting plasma levels of oxylipins, endocannabinoids (eCBs), and eCBs-like molecules in middle-aged sedentary adults. A 12-week randomized controlled trial was conducted using a parallel group design. Sixty-five middle-aged adults (40-65 years old) were randomly assigned to: (a) no exercise (control group), (b) concurrent training based on international physical activity recommendations (PAR group), (c) high-intensity interval training (HIIT group), and (d) HIIT together with whole-body electromyostimulation (HIIT + EMS group). Plasma levels of oxylipins, eCBs, and eCBs-like molecules were determined in plasma samples before and after the intervention using targeted lipidomics. Body composition was assessed through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and dietary intake through a food frequency questionnaire and three nonconsecutive 24-hr recalls. The physical activity recommendations, HIIT, and HIIT-EMS groups showed decreased plasma levels of omega-6 and omega-3-derived oxylipins, and eCBs and eCBs-like molecules after 12 weeks (all Δ ≤ -0.12; all p < .05). Importantly, after Bonferroni post hoc corrections, the differences in plasma levels of omega-6 and omega-3 oxylipins were not statistically significant compared with the control group (all p > .05). However, after post hoc corrections, plasma levels of anandamide and oleoylethanolamide were increased in the physical activity recommendations group compared with the control group (anandamide: Δ = 0.05 vs. -0.09; oleoylethanolamide: Δ = -0.12 vs. 0.013, all p ≤ .049). In conclusion, this study reports that a 12-week exercise training intervention, independent of the modality applied, does not modify fasting plasma levels of omega-6 and omega-3 oxylipins, eCBs, and eCBs-like molecules in middle-aged sedentary adults.

本研究旨在调查不同运动训练计划对久坐的中年成年人空腹血浆中氧脂素、内源性大麻素(eCBs)和类eCBs分子水平的影响。采用平行组设计，进行为期12周的随机对照试验。65名中年人(40-65岁)随机分为:(a)无运动(对照组)，(b)根据国际体育活动建议同时进行训练(PAR组)，(c)高强度间歇训练(HIIT组)，(d) HIIT结合全身肌电刺激(HIIT + EMS组)。使用靶向脂质组学测定干预前后血浆样品中氧脂素、eCBs和eCBs样分子的血浆水平。通过双能x线吸收仪评估身体成分，通过食物频率问卷和三次非连续的24小时回忆来评估饮食摄入量。12周后，体力活动推荐组、HIIT组和HIIT- ems组的血浆中omega-6和omega-3衍生的氧磷脂、eCBs和eCBs样分子的水平均下降(Δ≤-0.12;p < 0.05)。重要的是，经Bonferroni事后校正后，与对照组相比，血浆中omega-6和omega-3氧磷脂水平的差异无统计学意义(均p > 0.05)。然而，在事后纠正后，与对照组相比，体力活动推荐组的血浆anandamide和油酰乙醇酰胺水平升高(anandamide: Δ = 0.05 vs. -0.09;油脂乙醇酰胺:Δ = -0.12 vs. 0.013，均p≤0.049)。总之，本研究报告了为期12周的运动训练干预，无论采用何种方式，都不会改变久坐不动的中年成年人的空腹血浆中omega-6和omega-3氧脂素、eCBs和eCBs样分子的水平。

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引用次数: 1

Nutrition and Physical Activity in British Army Officer Cadet Training Part 2-Daily Distribution of Energy and Macronutrient Intake. 英国陆军军官学员训练中的营养和体力活动第2部分:能量和常量营养素摄入的每日分布。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism

Pub Date : 2022-03-16 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0191

Victoria C Edwards, S. Myers, S. Wardle, A. Siddall, Steven D Powell, Sarah C. Needham-Beck, Sarah E. Jackson, J. Greeves, S. Blacker

Dietary intake and physical activity impact performance and adaptation during training. The aims of this study were to compare energy and macronutrient intake during British Army Officer Cadet training with dietary guidelines and describe daily distribution of energy and macronutrient intake and estimated energy expenditure. Thirteen participants (seven women) were monitored during three discrete periods of military training for 9 days on-camp, 5 days of field exercise, and 9 days of a mixture of the two. Dietary intake was measured using researcher-led food weighing and food diaries, and energy expenditure was estimated from wrist-worn accelerometers. Energy intake was below guidelines for men (4,600 kcal/day) and women (3,500 kcal/day) during on-camp training (men = -16% and women = -9%), field exercise (men = -33% and women = -42%), and combined camp and field training (men and women both -34%). Carbohydrate intake of men and women were below guidelines (6 g·kg-1·day-1) during field exercise (men = -18% and women = -37%) and combined camp and field training (men = -33% and women = -39%), respectively. Protein intake was above guidelines (1.2 kcal·kg-1·day-1) for men and women during on-camp training (men = 48% and women = 39%) and was below guidelines during field exercise for women only (-27%). Energy and macronutrient intake during on-camp training centered around mealtimes with a discernible sleep/wake cycle for energy expenditure. During field exercise, energy and macronutrient intake were individually variable, and energy expenditure was high throughout the day and night. These findings could be used to inform evidenced-based interventions to change the amount and timing of energy and macronutrient intake around physical activity to optimize performance and adaptations during military training.

饮食摄入和身体活动影响训练期间的表现和适应。本研究的目的是比较英国陆军军官学员训练期间的能量和宏量营养素摄入量与膳食指南，并描述每日能量和宏量营养素摄入量的分布和估计的能量消耗。13名参与者(7名女性)在三个独立的军事训练期间接受监测，其中9天是在营地进行的，5天是在野外进行的，9天是两者混合进行的。饮食摄入量是通过研究人员主导的食物称重和食物日记来测量的，能量消耗是通过腕带加速度计来估计的。在营地训练(男性= -16%，女性= -9%)、野外训练(男性= -33%，女性= -42%)以及营地和野外联合训练(男性和女性均为-34%)期间，男性(4,600千卡/天)和女性(3,500千卡/天)的能量摄入低于指导值。在野外训练(男性= -18%，女性= -37%)和营地和野外联合训练(男性= -33%，女性= -39%)期间，男性和女性的碳水化合物摄入量分别低于指导值(6 g·kg-1·day-1)。在营地训练期间，男性和女性的蛋白质摄入量均高于指导值(1.2 kcal·kg-1·day-1)(男性= 48%，女性= 39%)，而在野外训练期间，仅女性的蛋白质摄入量低于指导值(-27%)。营地训练期间的能量和常量营养素摄入以吃饭时间为中心，能量消耗有明显的睡眠/觉醒周期。野外运动期间，能量和常量营养素的摄入是个体可变的，白天和晚上的能量消耗都很高。这些发现可用于为基于证据的干预措施提供信息，以改变体力活动前后能量和宏量营养素摄入的数量和时间，以优化军事训练期间的表现和适应。

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引用次数: 4

Anthocyanin-Rich Blackcurrant Extract Preserves Gastrointestinal Barrier Permeability and Reduces Enterocyte Damage but Has No Effect on Microbial Translocation and Inflammation After Exertional Heat Stress. 富含花青素的黑加仑提取物保留了胃肠道屏障的通透性，减少了肠细胞的损伤，但对运动热应激后微生物易位和炎症没有影响。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism

Pub Date : 2022-03-14 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0330

Ben J. Lee, Tessa R. Flood, Ania M. Hiles, Ella F. Walker, Lucy E V Wheeler, Kimberly M Ashdown, M. Willems, Rianne Costello, Luke D. Greisler, Phebe A Romano, Garrett W. Hill, M. Kuennen

This study investigated the effects of 7 days of 600 mg/day anthocyanin-rich blackcurrant extract intake on small intestinal permeability, enterocyte damage, microbial translocation, and inflammation following exertional heat stress. Twelve recreationally active men (maximal aerobic capacity = 55.6 ± 6.0 ml·kg-1·min-1) ran (70% VO2max) for 60 min in an environmental chamber (34 °C, 40% relative humidity) on two occasions (placebo/blackcurrant, randomized double-blind crossover). Permeability was assessed from a 4-hr urinary excretion of lactulose and rhamnose and expressed as a ratio of lactulose/rhamnose. Venous blood samples were taken at rest and 20, 60, and 240 min after exercise to measure enterocyte damage (intestinal fatty acid-binding protein); microbial translocation (soluble CD14, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein); and interleukins 6, interleukins 10, and interleukins 1 receptor antagonist. Exercise increased rectal temperature (by ∼2.8 °C) and heart rate (by ∼123 beats/min) in each condition. Blackcurrant supplementation led to a ∼12% reduction in lactulose/rhamnose ratio (p < .0034) and enterocyte damage (∼40% reduction in intestinal fatty acid-binding protein area under the curve; p < .0001) relative to placebo. No between-condition differences were observed immediately after exercise for lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (mean, 95% confidence interval [CI]; +80%, 95% CI [+61%, +99%]); soluble CD14 (+37%, 95% CI [+22%, +51%]); interleukins 6 (+494%, 95% CI [+394%, +690%]); interleukins 10 (+288%, 95% CI [+105%, +470%]); or interleukins 1 receptor antagonist (+47%, 95% CI [+13%, +80%]; all time main effects). No between-condition differences for these markers were observed after 60 or 240 min of recovery. Blackcurrant extract preserves the GI barrier; however, at subclinical levels, this had no effect on microbial translocation and downstream inflammatory processes.

本研究研究了富含花青素的黑加仑提取物摄入7天对运动性热应激后小肠通透性、肠细胞损伤、微生物易位和炎症的影响。12名娱乐性活动的男性(最大有氧能力= 55.6±6.0 ml·kg-1·min-1)在环境室(34°C, 40%相对湿度)中(安慰剂/黑加仑，随机双盲交叉)两次(70%最大摄氧量)跑60分钟。通过4小时尿中乳果糖和鼠李糖的排泄来评估渗透性，并以乳果糖/鼠李糖的比值表示。静息及运动后20、60、240 min取静脉血测定肠细胞损伤(肠脂肪酸结合蛋白);微生物易位(可溶性CD14，脂多糖结合蛋白);白细胞介素6，白细胞介素10和白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂。在每种情况下，运动增加直肠温度(约2.8°C)和心率(约123次/分钟)。补充黑加仑导致乳果糖/鼠李糖比率降低~ 12% (p < 0.0034)和肠细胞损伤(曲线下肠道脂肪酸结合蛋白面积减少~ 40%);P < 0.0001)。运动后立即观察到脂多糖结合蛋白的条件间差异(平均值，95%可信区间[CI];+80%， 95% ci [+61%， +99%]);可溶性CD14 (+37%， 95% CI [+22%， +51%]);白细胞介素6 (+494%，95% CI [+394%， +690%]);白细胞介素10 (+288%，95% CI [+105%， +470%]);或白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂(+47%，95% CI [+13%， +80%];所有时间的主要影响)。在恢复60或240分钟后，这些指标没有观察到条件之间的差异。黑加仑提取物保留胃肠道屏障;然而，在亚临床水平，这对微生物易位和下游炎症过程没有影响。

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引用次数: 3

"Food First but Not Always Food Only": Recommendations for Using Dietary Supplements in Sport. “食物优先，但不总是只吃食物”:运动中使用膳食补充剂的建议。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism

Pub Date : 2022-03-12 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0335

G. Close, Andreas M. Kasper, N. Walsh, R. Maughan

The term "food first" has been widely accepted as the preferred strategy within sport nutrition, although there is no agreed definition of this and often limited consideration of the implications. We propose that food first should mean "where practically possible, nutrient provision should come from whole foods and drinks rather than from isolated food components or dietary supplements." There are many reasons to commend a food first strategy, including the risk of supplement contamination resulting in anti-doping violations. However, a few supplements can enhance health and/or performance, and therefore a food only approach could be inappropriate. We propose six reasons why a food only approach may not always be optimal for athletes: (a) some nutrients are difficult to obtain in sufficient quantities in the diet, or may require excessive energy intake and/or consumption of other nutrients; (b) some nutrients are abundant only in foods athletes do not eat/like; (c) the nutrient content of some foods with established ergogenic benefits is highly variable; (d) concentrated doses of some nutrients are required to correct deficiencies and/or promote immune tolerance; (e) some foods may be difficult to consume immediately before, during or immediately after exercise; and (f) tested supplements could help where there are concerns about food hygiene or contamination. In these situations, it is acceptable for the athlete to consider sports supplements providing that a comprehensive risk minimization strategy is implemented. As a consequence, it is important to stress that the correct terminology should be "food first but not always food only."

“食物优先”一词已被广泛接受为运动营养领域的首选策略，尽管对其没有一致的定义，而且对其含义的考虑往往有限。我们建议，“食物优先”应该意味着“在实际可能的情况下，营养供应应该来自天然食物和饮料，而不是来自孤立的食物成分或膳食补充剂。”有很多理由推荐食品优先的策略，包括补充剂污染导致反兴奋剂违规的风险。然而，一些补充剂可以增强健康和/或表现，因此只吃食物的方法可能是不合适的。我们提出了六个原因，为什么只吃食物的方法可能并不总是最适合运动员:(a)一些营养素很难从饮食中获得足够的量，或者可能需要过多的能量摄入和/或消耗其他营养素;(b)有些营养素只在运动员不吃/不喜欢的食物中才丰富;(c)某些已确定对人体有益的食物的营养成分变化很大;(d)需要浓缩剂量的某些营养素以纠正缺陷和/或促进免疫耐受;(e)有些食物可能难以在运动前、运动中或运动后立即食用;经过测试的补充剂可以帮助人们解决食品卫生或污染问题。在这些情况下，运动员考虑运动补充剂是可以接受的，前提是实施了全面的风险最小化策略。因此，重要的是要强调正确的术语应该是“食物优先，但不总是只有食物”。

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引用次数: 28

The Protective Role of Physical Fitness on Cardiometabolic Risk During Pregnancy: The GESTAtion and FITness Project. 体育健身对妊娠期心脏代谢风险的保护作用:妊娠与健身项目。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism

Pub Date : 2022-03-02 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0274

P. Acosta‐Manzano, F. Acosta, M. Flor-Alemany, B. Gavilán-Carrera, M. Delgado-Fernández, Laura Baena-García, V. Segura‐Jiménez, V. Aparicio

Physical fitness (PF) is a cornerstone of metabolic health. However, its role in maternal-fetal metabolism during pregnancy is poorly understood. The present work investigates: (i) the association of PF with maternal and fetal cardiometabolic markers, and with clustered cardiometabolic risk during pregnancy, and (ii) whether being fit counteracts cardiometabolic abnormalities associated with overweight/obesity. Several PF components (flexibility, lower and upper body strength, and cardiorespiratory fitness [CRF]) were objectively assessed in 151 pregnant women at gestational weeks 16 and 33, and an overall PF cluster score calculated. At the same times, maternal glycemic and lipid markers, cortisol, and C-reactive protein were assessed with standard biochemical methods, along with blood pressure and a proxy for insulin resistance, and a cardiometabolic risk cluster score determined. These analytes were also measured in maternal and umbilical cord arterial and venous blood collected at delivery. PF was found to be associated with several maternal and a small number of fetal cardiometabolic markers (p < .05). Lower and upper body muscle strength, CRF, overall PF (week 16), and CRF changes (weeks 16-33) were inversely associated with clustered cardiometabolic risk (p < .05). Normal weight fit women had lower values for insulin level, insulin resistance, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and diastolic blood pressure than did overweight/obese unfit women at week 16 (p < .05). In conclusion, greater PF, especially muscle strength and CRF in early-middle pregnancy, appears to be associated with a better metabolic phenotype, and may protect against maternal cardiometabolic risk. "Keep yourself fit and normal weight before and during early pregnancy" should be a key public health message.

身体健康(PF)是代谢健康的基石。然而，它在怀孕期间母婴代谢中的作用尚不清楚。目前的工作调查:(i) PF与母体和胎儿心脏代谢标志物的关系，以及怀孕期间聚集性心脏代谢风险，以及(ii)健康是否抵消与超重/肥胖相关的心脏代谢异常。对151名孕16周和孕33周的孕妇进行了若干PF成分(柔韧性、下肢和上肢力量以及心肺功能[CRF])的客观评估，并计算了整体PF聚类评分。与此同时，用标准的生化方法评估母亲的血糖和脂质标志物、皮质醇和c反应蛋白，以及血压和胰岛素抵抗的替代指标，并确定心脏代谢风险聚类评分。这些分析也测量了产妇和脐带动脉和静脉血在分娩时收集。发现PF与母体和少数胎儿心脏代谢标志物相关(p < 0.05)。下肢和上肢肌力、CRF、总PF(第16周)和CRF变化(第16-33周)与聚集性心脏代谢风险呈负相关(p < 0.05)。在第16周，体重正常的女性的胰岛素水平、胰岛素抵抗、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、c反应蛋白和舒张压值低于超重/肥胖不健康的女性(p < 0.05)。总之，妊娠早期和中期较高的PF，特别是肌肉力量和CRF，似乎与更好的代谢表型相关，并可能防止母体心脏代谢风险。“在怀孕前和怀孕早期保持健康和正常体重”应该是一个关键的公共卫生信息。

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引用次数: 1

Evening Whey Protein Intake, Rich in Tryptophan, and Sleep in Elite Male Australian Rules Football Players on Training and Nontraining Days. 训练日和非训练日优秀男子澳式足球运动员夜间乳清蛋白摄入量、富含色氨酸和睡眠。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism

Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0145

Cassandra Ferguson, Brad Aisbett, Michele Lastella, Spencer Roberts, Dominique Condo

Objectives: To investigate the effect of evening whey protein supplementation, rich in tryptophan, on sleep in elite male Australian Rules Football players.

Design: Double-blinded, counterbalanced, randomized, cross-over study.

Methods: Sleep was assessed using wrist activity monitors and sleep diaries in 15 elite male Australian Football League players on two training and nontraining days following evening consumption of an isocaloric whey protein supplement or placebo in preseason. A 5-day preintervention period was implemented to determine habitual dietary intake and baseline sleep measures. These habitual data were used to inform the daily dietary intake and timing of ingestion of the evening whey protein supplement or placebo on the intervention days. The whey protein supplement or placebo was consumed 3 hr prior to habitual bedtime.

Results: Separate one-way repeated-measures analyses of covariance revealed no differences between the whey protein supplement and the placebo on sleep duration, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, or wake after sleep onset on either training or nontraining days.

Conclusions: Evening whey protein supplementation, rich in tryptophan, does not improve acute sleep duration or quality in elite male Australian Football League players. However, elite athletes may be able to ingest a high protein/energy intake close to bedtime without impairing sleep, which is important for athlete recovery. Future research should investigate the effect of evening protein intake, high in tryptophan, on sleep duration and quality, including sleep staging during periods of restricted sleep and in poor-sleeping athletes.

目的:研究补充富含色氨酸的晚间乳清蛋白对优秀澳式足球运动员睡眠的影响。设计:双盲、平衡、随机、交叉研究。方法:在季前赛晚上服用等热量乳清蛋白补充剂或安慰剂后的两天训练和非训练中，使用手腕活动监测仪和睡眠日记对15名澳大利亚足球联盟优秀男性球员的睡眠进行评估。实施5天的干预前期，以确定习惯性饮食摄入量和基线睡眠测量。这些习惯数据被用来告知在干预日的每日饮食摄入量和摄入晚间乳清蛋白补充剂或安慰剂的时间。乳清蛋白补充剂或安慰剂在习惯性就寝前3小时服用。结果:单独的单向重复测量协方差分析显示，乳清蛋白补充剂和安慰剂在训练日或非训练日的睡眠持续时间、睡眠开始潜伏期、睡眠效率或睡眠开始后醒来方面没有差异。结论:补充富含色氨酸的晚间乳清蛋白并不能改善澳大利亚足球联赛优秀男性球员的急性睡眠时间或睡眠质量。然而，优秀的运动员可能能够在接近就寝时摄入高蛋白/能量而不影响睡眠，这对运动员的恢复很重要。未来的研究应该调查夜间摄入高色氨酸蛋白质对睡眠时间和质量的影响，包括睡眠受限和睡眠质量差的运动员的睡眠阶段。

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引用次数: 2

Erratum: Rogers et al. (2021). 勘误:Rogers et al.(2021)。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism

Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0325

In the article Rogers M.A., Drew, M.K., Appaneal R., Lovell, G., Lundy, B., Hughes, D., Vlahovich, N., Waddington, G., & Burke, L.M. (2021). The utility of the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire to detect markers consistent with low energy availability-related conditions in a mixed-sport cohort. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 31(5), 427–437, https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0233, there were two errors introduced in the tables during production. In Tables 2 and 3, “absence of amenorrhea” should be “absence of eumenorrhea.” The online version of this article has been corrected. The publisher regrets the errors.

在文章Rogers m.a.， Drew, m.k.， Appaneal R.， Lovell, G.， Lundy, B.， Hughes, D.， Vlahovich, N.， Waddington, G.， and Burke, L.M.(2021)。在混合运动队列中，利用女性低能量可用性问卷来检测与低能量可用性相关条件一致的标记物。国际运动营养与运动代谢杂志，31(5)，427-437,https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0233，在制作过程中，表格中引入了两个错误。表2、表3中“无闭经”应为“无痛经”。本文的在线版本已被更正。出版商对这些错误表示遗憾。

引用次数: 0

A Food First Approach to Carbohydrate Supplementation in Endurance Exercise: A Systematic Review. 耐力运动中碳水化合物补充的食物优先方法:系统综述。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism

Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0261

Kirsty M. Reynolds, Tom Clifford, S. Mears, L. James

This systematic review analyzed whether carbohydrate source (food vs. supplement) influenced performance and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms during endurance exercise. Medline, SPORTDiscus, and citations were searched from inception to July 2021. Inclusion criteria were healthy, active males and females aged >18 years, investigating endurance performance, and GI symptoms after ingestion of carbohydrate from a food or supplement, <60 min before or during endurance exercise. The van Rosendale scale was used to determine risk of bias, with seven studies having low risk of bias. A total of 151 participants from 15 studies were included in the review. Three studies provided 0.6-1 g carbohydrate/kg body mass during 5-45 min precycling exercise (duration 60-70 min) while 12 studies provided 24-80 g/hr carbohydrate during exercise (60-330 min). Except one study that suggested a likely harmful effect (magnitude-based inferences) of a bar compared to a gel consumed during exercise on cycling performance, there were no differences in running (n = 1) or cycling (n = 13) performance/capacity between food and supplemental sources. Greater GI symptoms were reported with food compared with supplemental sources. Highly heterogenous study designs for carbohydrate dose and timing, as well as exercise protocol and duration, make it difficult to compare findings between studies. A further limitation results from only one study assessing running performance. Food choices of carbohydrate consumed immediately before and during endurance exercise result in similar exercise performance/capacity responses to supplemental carbohydrate sources, but may slightly increase GI symptoms in some athletes, particularly with exercise >2 hr.

本系统综述分析了耐力运动中碳水化合物来源(食物与补充剂)是否影响运动表现和胃肠道症状。检索了Medline、SPORTDiscus和引文，检索时间从创立到2021年7月。纳入标准为健康、活跃的男性和女性，年龄>18岁，调查耐力表现和从食物或补充剂中摄入碳水化合物2小时后的胃肠道症状。

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引用次数: 5

Celebrating the Professional Life of Professor Kevin D. Tipton (1961-2022). 庆祝凯文·蒂普顿教授的职业生涯(1961-2022)。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism

Pub Date : 2022-02-26 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2022-0019

O. Witard, A. Ferrando, S. Phillips

This invited editorial celebrates the distinguished professional life of Professor Kevin D. Tipton, who sadly passed away on January 9, 2022. Professor Tipton made an outstanding contribution to the scientific field of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism over an exceptional 30-year career. He dedicated his academic career to understanding the response of muscle protein metabolism to exercise and nutrition. The impact of his work is far-reaching with application to athletes in terms of promoting training adaptation, recovery, and performance, alongside clinical implications for injury management and healthy aging. Notable scientific contributions included the first in vivo human study to demonstrate the role of orally ingested essential amino acids in stimulating muscle protein synthesis during acute post-exercise recovery. This finding laid the foundation for future studies to interrogate the response of muscle protein synthesis to the ingestion of different protein types. Professor Tipton's work also included investigating the maximally effective dose and timing (regarding exercise) of ingested protein for the stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. Kevin will be remembered fondly by academics, applied scientists, and students across the sport nutrition and exercise metabolism community as a leading researcher in the field, a critical thinker, and an inspirational teacher. His mission was to educate the next generation of exercise scientists by sharing his distinct wealth of knowledge accrued over three decades. Above all else, Kevin was kind, generous (with his time and knowledge), honest, and incredibly social. He was a unique character and will be greatly missed among our community but certainly never forgotten.

这篇特邀社论是为了纪念凯文·蒂普顿教授杰出的职业生涯，他于2022年1月9日不幸去世。蒂普顿教授在30年的职业生涯中对运动营养和运动代谢的科学领域做出了杰出的贡献。他的学术生涯致力于了解肌肉蛋白质代谢对运动和营养的反应。他的工作影响深远，在促进运动员的训练适应、恢复和表现方面，以及在损伤管理和健康老龄化方面的临床意义。值得注意的科学贡献包括首次在体内进行人体研究，证明口服必需氨基酸在急性运动后恢复期间刺激肌肉蛋白质合成的作用。这一发现为未来研究肌肉蛋白质合成对摄入不同类型蛋白质的反应奠定了基础。蒂普顿教授的工作还包括研究摄入蛋白质刺激肌肉蛋白质合成的最有效剂量和时间(关于运动)。凯文将被运动营养和运动代谢界的学者、应用科学家和学生们铭记为该领域的领先研究员、批判性思想家和鼓舞人心的老师。他的使命是通过分享他三十多年积累的独特知识财富来教育下一代的运动科学家。最重要的是，凯文善良、慷慨(用他的时间和知识)、诚实，而且非常善于交际。他是一个独特的人物，我们的社区将深深怀念他，但肯定不会忘记他。

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引用次数: 0

Acute Ketone Salts-Caffeine-Taurine-Leucine Supplementation but not Ketone Salts-Taurine-Leucine, Improves Endurance Cycling Performance. 急性补充酮盐-咖啡因-牛磺酸-亮氨酸，而不是酮盐-牛磺酸-亮氨酸，提高耐力循环性能。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism

Pub Date : 2022-02-25 Print Date: 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0309

Manuel D Quinones, Peter W R Lemon

Coingestion of ketone salts, caffeine and the amino acids, taurine, and leucine improves endurance exercise performance. However, there is no study comparing this coingestion to the same nutrients without caffeine. We assessed whether ketone salts-caffeine-taurine-leucine (KCT) supplementation was superior to caffeine-free ketone salts-taurine-leucine supplementation (KT), or to an isoenergetic carbohydrate placebo (CHO-PLAC). Thirteen recreationally active men (mean ± SD: 177.5 ± 6.1 cm, 75.9 ± 4.6 kg, 23 ± 3 years, 12.0 ± 5.1% body fat) completed a best effort 20-km cycling time-trial, followed 15 min later by a Wingate power cycle test, after supplementing with either KCT (approximately 7 g of beta-hydroxybutyrate, approximately 120 mg of caffeine, 2.1 g of leucine, and 2.7 g of taurine), KT (i.e., same supplement without caffeine), or isoenergetic CHO-PLAC (11 g of dextrose). Blood ketones were elevated (p < .001) after ingestion of both KCT (0.65 ± 0.12 mmol/L) and KT (0.72 ± 0.31 mmol/L) relative to CHO-PLAC (0.06 ± 0.05 mmol/L). Moreover, KCT improved (p < .003) 20-km cycling time-trial performance (37.80 ± 2.28 min), compared with CHO-PLAC (39.40 ± 3.33 min) but not versus KT (38.75 ± 2.87 min; p < .09). 20-km cycling time-trial average power output was greater with KCT (power output = 180.5 ± 28.7 W) versus both KT (170.9 ± 31.7 W; p = .049) and CHO-PLAC (164.8 ± 34.7 W; p = .001). Wingate peak power output was also greater for both KCT (1,134 ± 137 W; p = .031) and KT (1,132 ± 128 W; p = .039) versus CHO-PLAC (1,068 ± 127 W). These data suggest that the observed improved exercise performance effects of this multi-ingredient supplement containing beta-hydroxybutyrate salts, taurine, and leucine are attributed partially to the addition of caffeine.

摄入酮盐、咖啡因、氨基酸、牛磺酸和亮氨酸可以提高耐力运动的表现。然而，没有研究将这种摄入与不含咖啡因的相同营养物质进行比较。我们评估了酮盐-咖啡因-牛磺酸-亮氨酸(KCT)补充剂是否优于不含咖啡因的酮盐-牛磺酸-亮氨酸补充剂(KT)，或优于等能碳水化合物安慰剂(cho - placc)。十三取乐活跃的男性(平均±标准差:177.5±6.1厘米,75.9±4.6公斤,23±3年,12.0±5.1%脂肪)完成了最大的努力从自行车计时赛,15分钟后是温盖特动力循环测试,后补充与KCT(约7克beta-hydroxybutyrate,大约120毫克的咖啡因,2.1 g的亮氨酸,牛磺酸和2.7 g), KT(即,相同的补充没有咖啡因),或等能量CHO-PLAC (11 g(葡萄糖)。与CHO-PLAC(0.06±0.05 mmol/L)相比，KCT(0.65±0.12 mmol/L)和KT(0.72±0.31 mmol/L)摄入后血酮含量均升高(p < 0.001)。此外，与CHO-PLAC(39.40±3.33 min)相比，KCT改善了20公里自行车计时赛成绩(37.80±2.28 min) (p < 0.003)，但与KT(38.75±2.87 min)相比，KCT没有改善(p < 0.003);P < .09)。KCT的20公里骑行计时赛平均功率输出(功率输出= 180.5±28.7 W)大于KT(170.9±31.7 W);p = 0.049)和cho - placc(164.8±34.7 W;P = .001)。两种KCT的温盖特峰值功率输出也更大(1134±137 W;p = 0.031)和KT(1132±128 W;p = 0.039)与CHO-PLAC(1,068±127 W)相比。这些数据表明，这种含有β -羟基丁酸盐、牛磺酸和亮氨酸的多成分补充剂所观察到的改善运动表现的效果部分归因于咖啡因的添加。

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引用次数: 1