International Journal of Preventive Medicine最新文献

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease with no specific treatment. We examined the effects of silymarin, exercise, and their combination on the serum levels of oxidant/antioxidant markers, as well as irisin-a myokine secreted by muscles during exercise-in dexamethasone-induced NAFLD in adult male rats.

Methods: In this experimental animal study, forty-two male Wistar rats were randomly grouped into control (normal saline), NAFLD (dexamethasone injection at 10 mg/kg/day, s.c. for 7 days to induce NAFLD), NAFLD + exercise training (continuous exercise training 5 days/week for 8 weeks), NAFLD + silymarin (1 mg/kg/day, orally for 8 weeks), NAFLD + exercise training + silymarin, and NAFLD + pioglitazone (positive control, 1 mg/kg/day, orally for 8 weeks) groups (n = 7 for each). The serum levels of oxidant markers, malondialdehyde (MDA); antioxidant markers, superoxide dismutase (SOD); total antioxidant capacity (TAC); and irisin were determined using specific ELISA kits.

Results: Oxidant markers, such as MDA, were significantly enhanced while antioxidant markers, such as SOD and TAC, as well as serum levels of irisin, were significantly diminished in rats with NAFLD compared to controls. Combining silymarin and 8-week continuous training exercise resulted in significant restoration of serum levels of MDA, TAC, and irisin to control values. While combined treatment had a significant impact on oxidant/antioxidant status in NAFLD rats, it was not more effective than either treatment alone. However, it was observed that the serum level of irisin increased more in combination therapy.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that combination treatment with silymarin and exercise may have a protective effect against NAFLD, partly by reducing oxidative stress and increasing serum levels of irisin.

Introduction: Compliance with food-based dietary guidelines, as measured by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015), and an enhancement in its score have been linked to a reduction in mortality risk and the prevalence of chronic diseases. The objective of this study was to compute and scrutinize the HEI for Iran over the preceding 30 years and to project the anticipated index for the forthcoming 7 years.

Material and methods: This research is a repeated cross-sectional study on 665254 Household. Through the application of an array of statistical and nutritional methodologies, we have successfully transformed the Household Income-Expenditure Survey (HIES) questionnaire data, spanning from 1991 to 2020 for the Iranian population, into meaningful household food consumption data. The data analysis was executed using STATA v.17.

Results: We found a growing trend in HEIs until 2017, which dropped sharply in the following years. The average HEI at the national level was estimated to be 48.39 ± 10.25 over 30 years. The lowest and highest indices were in Sistan and Baluchistan Province (41.23 ± 7.56) and Qom Province (57.73 ± 11.27). The highest average energy intake was in the year 2005 (2695.33 ± 808.31 Kcal).

Conclusion: The utilization of HIES data in this study serves as a proxy for household consumption values. We observed a commendable trend in the HEI up until 2017. However, post 2018, the trend exhibited a decline, potentially attributable to multiple factors. We strongly recommend a regular and strategic review of food and nutrition policies, particularly during crises, to circumvent undesirable outcomes.

Background: Stunting during early childhood is a serious public health concern. In 2022, the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia was 21.6%, still a high prevalence. Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health issue in low- and middle-income countries. Both play crucial roles in children's morbidity and mortality. Shreds of evidence show the role of LBW in children's stunting, however, limited study in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the relationship between LBW and stunting in Indonesian toddlers.

Methods: The study reported a cross-sectional survey using Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey data (Survei Status Gizi Indonesia = SSGI) in 2021, obtained from the National Institute for Health Development Policy, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia, involving 20,808 data. The data were then presented in proportions and analyzed using multiple logistic regression.

Results: The results showed children with certain factors were related to the occurrence of stunting, i.e., children with LBW (P < 0.001; aOR = 2.73; 95%CI = 2.420-3.080), aged under-twelve months old (P < 0.001; aOR = 0.38; 95%CI = 0.350-0.417), male (P < 0.001; aOR = 1.44; 95%CI = 1.338-1.547), early starting solid foods (P < 0.001; aOR = 0.82; 95%CI = 0.767-0.886), having no health insurance (P = 0.026; aOR = 1.10; 95%CI = 1.011-1.191), low-educated mothers (P < 0.001; OR = 1.33; 95%CI = 1.230-1.436), employed mothers (P = 0.013; aOR = 0.90; 95%CI = 0.834-0.979), low-middle asset ownership (P < 0.001; aOR = 0.82; 95%CI = 0.767-0.886), vulnerable food insecurity (P = 0.037; aOR = 1.08; 95%CI = 1.005-1.167), and living in rural areas (P = 0.001; aOR = 1.14; 95%CI = 1.057-1.231).

Conclusions: This study found stunting prevalence was 18.6% and LBW was 6.8%. LBW, male sex, no health insurance, low-educated mothers, low-middle assets, food insecurity, children aged 12 months or over, late-starting solid foods, unemployed mothers, and living in rural areas increased the risk of stunting in toddlers.

Introduction: The incidence of colorectal cancer varies from country to country and even among cities in the country. Overall statistics may mask important trends based on sex and age, so the detailed statistics will be more useful. This study aimed to investigate the trend of colorectal cancer from 2007 to the last formal published data (2019) in Isfahan, Iran.

Method: Colorectal cancer incidence and age-standardized rate were calculated using both data from the Isfahan Cancer Registration Center and Iran and World Standard Population. STATA software was used to calculate the frequency and incidence rates as well as ASR.

Results: The total number of diagnosed CRC cases changed from 344 to 1093 between 2007 and 2019 in Isfahan Province. About 55% of all new cases were men, and they also were older on the average than women when diagnosed with cancer. Crude rate and ASR of CRC increased from 9.6 in 2007 to 27 and 22.6 in 2019 per 100,000.

Conclusions: Although we have observed an increase in the trend of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases, this trend is heavily dependent on cancer registration policies. This should be taken into account by policymakers, as to make an accurate judgment of the trend, a comprehensive, unified, and high-quality registration policy must be considered.

Background: Suboptimal health status (SHS) has become a public health issue and virtual exercise could bridge health disparities across borders. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a home-based virtual group exercise intervention among Asian women.

Methods: A total of 370 participants were recruited from a health social network across five regions globally. Six months of group exercise was delivered virtually 40 minutes per time every other day, with the instruction of staff from the health social network. Women completed baseline assessments of SHS, physical health, mental well-being, social interaction, and grit. The follow-up survey was carried out after the intervention.

Results: The home-based virtual group exercise showed an increase in social interaction in pre-post comparisons. The improvement of SHS was only significant in the participants who exercised frequently (i.e., attended the group exercise more than three times per week), indicating the intervention effects under higher intensity of group exercise.

Conclusion: Our study addresses the previous limitations of traditional in-person exercise programs and provides opportunities for people to participate in exercise at home, particularly when outdoor activity is limited. The effects may provide insight into the development of novel interventions in the context of health promotion.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global health problem that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and all-cause mortality. We aimed to investigate the association between sleep duration and related risk factors with the development of MetS: A systematic review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, and ProQuest for observational studies that enrolled adults without MetS at baseline. We investigated the association between sleep duration or insomnia and MetS through adjusted analysis. We pooled association estimates for all independent variables and presented both proportion and absolute risks for MetS.

Results: After screening records, 26 observational studies with a total population of 279,571 met our criteria. Our meta-analyses showed male sex (absolute risk increase (ARI): 144 more, 95% CI: 116 to 173 more in 1000 participants), short sleep duration of ≤ 6 hours (ARI: 62 more, 95% CI: 38 to 88 more in 1000 participants), insomnia (ARI: 57 more, 95% CI: 12 to 112 more in 1000 participants), and difficulty maintaining sleep (ARI: 30 more, 95% CI: 1 to 63 more in 1000 participants) may be associated with an increased likelihood of MetS. Regular exercise (absolute risk decrease (ARD): 20 fewer, 95% CI: 3 to 36 fewer in 1000 participants) and vegetable intake (ARD: 57 fewer, 95% CI: 25 to 81 fewer in 1000) may be associated with decreased likelihood of MetS.

Conclusions: Adequate sleep, improved sleep patterns, regular exercise, and increased vegetable intake have a substantial impact on MetS prevention.