Pub Date : 2024-07-17eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_195_23
Zahra Pezeshki, Mehdi Nematbakhsh
Backgrounds: People with solitary functioning kidneys (SFK) are prone to renal failure with time. Accordingly, local renin angiotensin system (RAS) and renal functions in subjects with SFK may act differently compared to normal condition. This study was designed to determine the renal hemodynamics responses to angiotensin II (Ang. II) in SFK male and female rats.
Methods: Fifty to sixty-day-old male and female Wistar rats were subjected to unilateral renal artery obstruction, and 28 days later basal renal hemodynamic responses to Ang. II were examined in SFK groups compared to sham groups.
Results: The findings indicated lower renal vascular resistance (RVR) and renal blood flow (RBF) responses to Ang. II in male SFK compared to sham group. Such observation was not seen in female animals.
Conclusions: An increase in renal metabolism due to hyperfunction, especially in SFK male rats, may cause a decrease in RVR. Moreover, the lower RBF response to Ang. II may be related to alteration to Ang. II receptors in the remnant kidneys in SFK rats.
{"title":"Solitary Functioning Kidneys Attenuate Renal Hemodynamics Responses to Angiotensin II in Male But Not in Female Rats.","authors":"Zahra Pezeshki, Mehdi Nematbakhsh","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_195_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_195_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Backgrounds: </strong>People with solitary functioning kidneys (SFK) are prone to renal failure with time. Accordingly, local renin angiotensin system (RAS) and renal functions in subjects with SFK may act differently compared to normal condition. This study was designed to determine the renal hemodynamics responses to angiotensin II (Ang. II) in SFK male and female rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty to sixty-day-old male and female Wistar rats were subjected to unilateral renal artery obstruction, and 28 days later basal renal hemodynamic responses to Ang. II were examined in SFK groups compared to sham groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicated lower renal vascular resistance (RVR) and renal blood flow (RBF) responses to Ang. II in male SFK compared to sham group. Such observation was not seen in female animals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An increase in renal metabolism due to hyperfunction, especially in SFK male rats, may cause a decrease in RVR. Moreover, the lower RBF response to Ang. II may be related to alteration to Ang. II receptors in the remnant kidneys in SFK rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11338366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-17eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_173_23
Amirreza Manteghinejad, Sina Rasti, Maryam Nasirian, Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
Background: Many people worldwide have developed a combination of natural and vaccine-induced immunity to COVID-19. This study investigated whether exposure to SARS-CoV-2 before full vaccination promotes protection against a breakthrough infection.
Methods: We studied a total of 2,902,545 people in the Isfahan COVID-19 Registry. All the participants had received two doses of either Sinopharm BIBP, ChAdOx1-nCoV-19, Gam-COVID-Vac, or BIV1-CovIran vaccines. A cohort study examined the association between prior COVID-19 infection and the risk of a breakthrough infection for each vaccine. Cohorts in each pair were matched by gender, age group, calendar week of the first dose, the interval between the first and second doses, and the proportion of healthcare workers. The probable virus variant for the previous infections was also considered. Each individual's follow-up started 14 days after their second vaccine dose until either the end of the study censoring date, occurrence of a COVID-19 infection, or death. The breakthrough infection risk was compared between each cohort pair by using the hazard ratio (HR) and incidence rate ratio (IRR).
Results: Total breakthrough HRs (95% confidence interval) (previously infected over infection-naïve matched cohort) were 0.36 (0.23-0.55), 0.35 (0.32-0.40), 0.37 (0.30-0.46), and 0.43 (0.32-0.56) for the BIV1-CovIran, Sinopharm BIBP, Gam-COVID-Vac, and ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 vaccine groups, respectively. The breakthrough infection IRRs were approximately similar to the total HRs mentioned above.
Conclusion: Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection conferred additive immunity against breakthrough after vaccination, no matter which vaccine brand was injected. Such a result could guide health authorities to codify low-cost high-benefit vaccination protocols and protect the community's well-being.
{"title":"Association of Prior COVID-19 Infection with Risk of Breakthrough Infection Following Vaccination: A Cohort Study in Isfahan, Iran.","authors":"Amirreza Manteghinejad, Sina Rasti, Maryam Nasirian, Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_173_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_173_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many people worldwide have developed a combination of natural and vaccine-induced immunity to COVID-19. This study investigated whether exposure to SARS-CoV-2 before full vaccination promotes protection against a breakthrough infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We studied a total of 2,902,545 people in the Isfahan COVID-19 Registry. All the participants had received two doses of either Sinopharm BIBP, ChAdOx1-nCoV-19, Gam-COVID-Vac, or BIV1-CovIran vaccines. A cohort study examined the association between prior COVID-19 infection and the risk of a breakthrough infection for each vaccine. Cohorts in each pair were matched by gender, age group, calendar week of the first dose, the interval between the first and second doses, and the proportion of healthcare workers. The probable virus variant for the previous infections was also considered. Each individual's follow-up started 14 days after their second vaccine dose until either the end of the study censoring date, occurrence of a COVID-19 infection, or death. The breakthrough infection risk was compared between each cohort pair by using the hazard ratio (HR) and incidence rate ratio (IRR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total breakthrough HRs (95% confidence interval) (previously infected over infection-naïve matched cohort) were 0.36 (0.23-0.55), 0.35 (0.32-0.40), 0.37 (0.30-0.46), and 0.43 (0.32-0.56) for the BIV1-CovIran, Sinopharm BIBP, Gam-COVID-Vac, and ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 vaccine groups, respectively. The breakthrough infection IRRs were approximately similar to the total HRs mentioned above.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection conferred additive immunity against breakthrough after vaccination, no matter which vaccine brand was injected. Such a result could guide health authorities to codify low-cost high-benefit vaccination protocols and protect the community's well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11338365/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_30_24
M. A. Pourmirzaiee, Seyede Shahrbanoo Daniali, Roya Riahi, Sepideh Majidi, Roya Kelishadi
Postpartum depression (PPD) can exert both short-term and long-term effects on a child’s health. Offspring born to mothers who suffer from PPD face an elevated susceptibility to encountering psychological disturbances and developmental delays. Moreover, there has been conjecture surrounding a plausible connection between maternal magnesium (Mg) levels and psychiatric manifestations. This study aims to investigate the relationship between maternal Mg levels and PPD and the correlation between PPD and an infant’s growth and neurodevelopment at 6 and 12 months. This longitudinal study is a sub-study derived from the “PERSIAN Birth Cohort Study,” encompassing 224 mother–infant pairs randomly enlisted during 2019–2020 in Isfahan. Maternal serum magnesium (Mg) levels were measured at 38 weeks of gestation. PPD was evaluated employing the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) four weeks postpartum. Measurements of birth size were undertaken, adhering to standardized protocols at birth, 6 months, and 12 months. Anthropometric parameters and the Persian version of the validated Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) were employed to assess infant neurodevelopmental status at 6 and 12 months. Overall, 22.3% of mothers grappled with PPD. The mean (standard deviation) maternal magnesium levels (Mg) were 1.95 ± 0.23 mg/dL. No statistically significant association was detected between maternal serum magnesium (Mg) levels and the incidence of PPD. Correspondingly, no significant association emerged between PPD and indices of growth. However, a noteworthy distinction materialized in the communication scores of offspring born to depressed and non-depressed mothers following adjustments for confounding variables at 12 months (β = 1.81; 95% confidence interval: 0.32-3.30). Furthermore, a substantial regression in communication skills became apparent between 6 and 12 months. This study failed to establish a significant association between maternal serum magnesium (Mg) levels and PPD. Nevertheless, research lends credence to an inverse correlation between maternal depression and subsequent behavioral difficulties in offspring, such as communication skills. Thus, the imperative nature of screening for PPD should be underscored to facilitate its early detection and intervention, thereby enhancing infant well-being.
{"title":"Association of Postpartum Depression with Maternal Serum Magnesium Levels, Infant Growth, and Neurodevelopmental Indices","authors":"M. A. Pourmirzaiee, Seyede Shahrbanoo Daniali, Roya Riahi, Sepideh Majidi, Roya Kelishadi","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_30_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_30_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Postpartum depression (PPD) can exert both short-term and long-term effects on a child’s health. Offspring born to mothers who suffer from PPD face an elevated susceptibility to encountering psychological disturbances and developmental delays. Moreover, there has been conjecture surrounding a plausible connection between maternal magnesium (Mg) levels and psychiatric manifestations. This study aims to investigate the relationship between maternal Mg levels and PPD and the correlation between PPD and an infant’s growth and neurodevelopment at 6 and 12 months.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This longitudinal study is a sub-study derived from the “PERSIAN Birth Cohort Study,” encompassing 224 mother–infant pairs randomly enlisted during 2019–2020 in Isfahan. Maternal serum magnesium (Mg) levels were measured at 38 weeks of gestation. PPD was evaluated employing the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) four weeks postpartum. Measurements of birth size were undertaken, adhering to standardized protocols at birth, 6 months, and 12 months. Anthropometric parameters and the Persian version of the validated Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) were employed to assess infant neurodevelopmental status at 6 and 12 months.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Overall, 22.3% of mothers grappled with PPD. The mean (standard deviation) maternal magnesium levels (Mg) were 1.95 ± 0.23 mg/dL. No statistically significant association was detected between maternal serum magnesium (Mg) levels and the incidence of PPD. Correspondingly, no significant association emerged between PPD and indices of growth. However, a noteworthy distinction materialized in the communication scores of offspring born to depressed and non-depressed mothers following adjustments for confounding variables at 12 months (β = 1.81; 95% confidence interval: 0.32-3.30). Furthermore, a substantial regression in communication skills became apparent between 6 and 12 months.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study failed to establish a significant association between maternal serum magnesium (Mg) levels and PPD. Nevertheless, research lends credence to an inverse correlation between maternal depression and subsequent behavioral difficulties in offspring, such as communication skills. Thus, the imperative nature of screening for PPD should be underscored to facilitate its early detection and intervention, thereby enhancing infant well-being.\u0000","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140404690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_286_22
Fides A. del Castillo
{"title":"Human Flourishing and Adaptations to Future Pandemics","authors":"Fides A. del Castillo","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_286_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_286_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140404261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Growing the human brain requires all necessary nutrients to form and maintain, so the development of cognitive functions of infants and children depends on adequate nutrition. Children whose mothers had inadequate nutrition are at high risk for cognitive dysfunction. The objective of the present study was to review the studies conducted on “the relationship between nutrient intake during pregnancy and the development of cognitive functions in toddlers”. The present study was conducted by systematic review method using PRISMA checklist items. To conduct this study, the keywords “maternal nutrition”, “pregnancy diet”, “pregnancy supplement”, “IQ”, “intelligence quotient”, “neurodevelopment”, “cognitive function”, “toddler”, “early years” and “infant” were searched based on the Mesh database in scientific databases including Scopus, SID, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct to find articles related to the effect of nutrition during pregnancy on the development of the cognitive function of toddlers and its components in Persian and English. Finally, 17 articles were selected for review in this study. The results showed that taking a supplement of iron, saturated fatty acids, vitamins B and D, and folic acid improved the cognitive functions of toddlers. On the other hand, taking supplements containing iodine and zinc had no significant effect on the development of cognitive functions. Diets containing seafood during pregnancy had a beneficial effect on the cognitive functions of children. The study results highlighted the importance of adequate nutrition during pregnancy and showed that maternal nutrition played an important role in the development of cognitive functions of toddlers.
人脑的成长需要各种必要的营养物质来形成和维持，因此，婴幼儿认知功能的发展取决于充足的营养。母亲营养不足的儿童是认知功能障碍的高危人群。本研究旨在回顾有关 "孕期营养素摄入与幼儿认知功能发展之间的关系 "的研究。本研究采用 PRISMA 核对表项目进行系统回顾。 为了开展本研究，研究人员根据 Mesh 数据库在 Scopus、SID、Google Scholar、PubMed 和 Science Direct 等科学数据库中搜索了 "孕妇营养"、"孕期饮食"、"孕期补充"、"IQ"、"智商"、"神经发育"、"认知功能"、"幼儿"、"幼年 "和 "婴儿 "等关键词，以查找与孕期营养对幼儿认知功能发育的影响及其组成部分相关的波斯语和英语文章。最后，本研究选取了 17 篇文章进行审查。 结果显示，补充铁、饱和脂肪酸、维生素 B 和 D 以及叶酸可改善幼儿的认知功能。另一方面，服用含碘和锌的补充剂对认知功能的发展没有显著影响。怀孕期间食用含有海鲜的饮食对儿童的认知功能有好处。 研究结果凸显了孕期充足营养的重要性，并表明母体营养对幼儿认知功能的发展起着重要作用。
{"title":"Investigation of the Effects of Maternal Nutrition during Pregnancy on Cognitive Functions of Toddlers: A Systematic Review","authors":"Fatemeh Jalali Chimeh, Elham Aghaie, Saeed Ghavi, Rangin Fatahnia","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_124_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_124_22","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Growing the human brain requires all necessary nutrients to form and maintain, so the development of cognitive functions of infants and children depends on adequate nutrition. Children whose mothers had inadequate nutrition are at high risk for cognitive dysfunction. The objective of the present study was to review the studies conducted on “the relationship between nutrient intake during pregnancy and the development of cognitive functions in toddlers”. The present study was conducted by systematic review method using PRISMA checklist items.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To conduct this study, the keywords “maternal nutrition”, “pregnancy diet”, “pregnancy supplement”, “IQ”, “intelligence quotient”, “neurodevelopment”, “cognitive function”, “toddler”, “early years” and “infant” were searched based on the Mesh database in scientific databases including Scopus, SID, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct to find articles related to the effect of nutrition during pregnancy on the development of the cognitive function of toddlers and its components in Persian and English. Finally, 17 articles were selected for review in this study.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results showed that taking a supplement of iron, saturated fatty acids, vitamins B and D, and folic acid improved the cognitive functions of toddlers. On the other hand, taking supplements containing iodine and zinc had no significant effect on the development of cognitive functions. Diets containing seafood during pregnancy had a beneficial effect on the cognitive functions of children.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study results highlighted the importance of adequate nutrition during pregnancy and showed that maternal nutrition played an important role in the development of cognitive functions of toddlers.\u0000","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140406149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_7_23
Masoud Mahmoudi, Nastran Eizadi-Mood, S. Samsamshariat, Sam Alfred
{"title":"Should Activated Charcoal Powder can be Considered as an Over-The-Counter Medication for Acute Poisoning Cases?","authors":"Masoud Mahmoudi, Nastran Eizadi-Mood, S. Samsamshariat, Sam Alfred","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_7_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_7_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140401999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_106_23
A. Ramezankhani, Samira Sadeghi, M. Ghaffari, M. Namdari
Regular physical activity for adolescents has many health benefits, many of which also affect adulthood. Physical activity is a behavior that requires planning and choosing an appropriate educational method, model, or theory. However, mobile phone applications are known as a suitable method to increase physical activity according to the guidelines. This study aims to increase physical activity in female students based on the theory of planned behavior using mobile phone applications. This quasi-experimental study was implemented on 220 high school students (110 people in each group). The samples were selected by a multi-stage cluster method and their information was collected by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed. The intervention group received 8 sessions of education through a mobile phone application that was designed by the constructs of the theory of planned behavior. The samples were evaluated in three stages, through a pre-test, post-test, and two-month follow-up. The results showed a significant difference in the post-test and two months after the intervention between intervention and control groups in terms of attitude, perceived behavioral control, intention, and physical activity. There was a significant difference between intervention and control groups in subjective norms in the post-test, but there was no significant difference in the two-month follow-up compared to the post-test (P = 0.08). An educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior using mobile phone applications led to an increase in the physical activity of girl high school students. However, to determine the full effectiveness of this study, it is recommended to implement this intervention in all schools.
{"title":"Physical Activity Promotion in Schools Using Theoretically Designed Mobile Phone Application","authors":"A. Ramezankhani, Samira Sadeghi, M. Ghaffari, M. Namdari","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_106_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_106_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Regular physical activity for adolescents has many health benefits, many of which also affect adulthood. Physical activity is a behavior that requires planning and choosing an appropriate educational method, model, or theory. However, mobile phone applications are known as a suitable method to increase physical activity according to the guidelines. This study aims to increase physical activity in female students based on the theory of planned behavior using mobile phone applications.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This quasi-experimental study was implemented on 220 high school students (110 people in each group). The samples were selected by a multi-stage cluster method and their information was collected by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed. The intervention group received 8 sessions of education through a mobile phone application that was designed by the constructs of the theory of planned behavior. The samples were evaluated in three stages, through a pre-test, post-test, and two-month follow-up.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The results showed a significant difference in the post-test and two months after the intervention between intervention and control groups in terms of attitude, perceived behavioral control, intention, and physical activity. There was a significant difference between intervention and control groups in subjective norms in the post-test, but there was no significant difference in the two-month follow-up compared to the post-test (P = 0.08).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 An educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior using mobile phone applications led to an increase in the physical activity of girl high school students. However, to determine the full effectiveness of this study, it is recommended to implement this intervention in all schools.\u0000","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140403843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_62_23
Razieh Ghanbarian, Maryam Ranjbai, M. Babaeian, Mohammad Mazaheri
Hirsutism is a condition that can have medical, social, and psychological implications, affecting 5% to 10% of women worldwide. Management options include cosmetic procedures and pharmacological interventions. However, medications used to treat hirsutism can have side effects, ranging from mild symptoms like nausea and headaches to more serious complications such as vascular clots, heart attacks, hepatotoxicity, osteoporosis, and effeminization of a male fetus. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the potential benefits of medicinal plants on hirsutism as a complementary approach, specifically whether they can be used as adjuvants to cosmetic procedures. Databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ISI, SID, and Mag Iran have been checked with related keywords from 2000 to 2023. Moreover, related articles were isolated. In total, ten trials were identified in the search. The results suggested that various herbs, including fennel, licorice, spearmint, saw palmetto, green tea, combination of Zingiber and neem, curcumin, and teupolioside have the potential as herbal remedies for hirsutism. However, further extensive well-designed studies involving a large sample size on the most promising herbs are necessary to determine their efficacy.
{"title":"A Narrative Review of Herbal Remedies for Managing Hirsutism","authors":"Razieh Ghanbarian, Maryam Ranjbai, M. Babaeian, Mohammad Mazaheri","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_62_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_62_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hirsutism is a condition that can have medical, social, and psychological implications, affecting 5% to 10% of women worldwide. Management options include cosmetic procedures and pharmacological interventions. However, medications used to treat hirsutism can have side effects, ranging from mild symptoms like nausea and headaches to more serious complications such as vascular clots, heart attacks, hepatotoxicity, osteoporosis, and effeminization of a male fetus. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the potential benefits of medicinal plants on hirsutism as a complementary approach, specifically whether they can be used as adjuvants to cosmetic procedures. Databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ISI, SID, and Mag Iran have been checked with related keywords from 2000 to 2023. Moreover, related articles were isolated. In total, ten trials were identified in the search. The results suggested that various herbs, including fennel, licorice, spearmint, saw palmetto, green tea, combination of Zingiber and neem, curcumin, and teupolioside have the potential as herbal remedies for hirsutism. However, further extensive well-designed studies involving a large sample size on the most promising herbs are necessary to determine their efficacy.","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140400432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_47_23
Raoof Nopour, Hadi Kazemi-Arpanahi
Background: Due to the growing number of disabilities in elderly, Attention to this period of life is essential to be considered. Few studies focused on the physical, mental, disabilities, and disorders affecting the quality of life in elderly people. SA1 is related to various factors influencing the elderly's life. So, the objective of the current study is to build an intelligent system for SA prediction through ANN2 algorithms to investigate better all factors affecting the elderly life and promote them.
Methods: This study was performed on 1156 SA and non-SA cases. We applied statistical feature reduction method to obtain the best factors predicting the SA. Two models of ANNs with 5, 10, 15, and 20 neurons in hidden layers were used for model construction. Finally, the best ANN configuration was obtained for predicting the SA using sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and cross-entropy loss function.
Results: The study showed that 25 factors correlated with SA at the statistical level of P < 0.05. Assessing all ANN structures resulted in FF-BP3 algorithm having the configuration of 25-15-1 with accuracy-train of 0.92, accuracy-test of 0.86, and accuracy-validation of 0.87 gaining the best performance over other ANN algorithms.
Conclusions: Developing the CDSS for predicting SA has crucial role to effectively inform geriatrics and health care policymakers decision making.
背景：由于老年人的残疾数量不断增加，对这一生命阶段的关注至关重要。很少有研究关注影响老年人生活质量的身体、精神、残疾和失调问题。SA1 与影响老年人生活的各种因素有关。因此，本研究的目的是通过 ANN2 算法建立一个用于预测 SA 的智能系统，以更好地调查影响老年人生活的各种因素并促进其发展：本研究以 1156 例 SA 和非 SA 病例为对象。方法：本研究以 1156 例 SA 和非 SA 病例为研究对象，采用统计特征还原法获得预测 SA 的最佳因素。在构建模型时，我们使用了两种隐层分别为 5、10、15 和 20 个神经元的 ANN 模型。最后，利用灵敏度、特异度、准确度和交叉熵损失函数得出了预测 SA 的最佳 ANN 配置：研究表明，25 个因素与 SA 的相关性达到 P < 0.05 的统计学水平。对所有 ANN 结构进行评估后，FF-BP3 算法的配置为 25-15-1，其训练准确率为 0.92，测试准确率为 0.86，验证准确率为 0.87，与其他 ANN 算法相比性能最佳：结论：开发用于预测 SA 的 CDSS 对老年医学和医疗决策者的决策具有重要作用。
{"title":"Developing an intelligent prediction system for successful aging based on artificial neural networks.","authors":"Raoof Nopour, Hadi Kazemi-Arpanahi","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_47_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_47_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to the growing number of disabilities in elderly, Attention to this period of life is essential to be considered. Few studies focused on the physical, mental, disabilities, and disorders affecting the quality of life in elderly people. SA<sup>1</sup> is related to various factors influencing the elderly's life. So, the objective of the current study is to build an intelligent system for SA prediction through ANN<sup>2</sup> algorithms to investigate better all factors affecting the elderly life and promote them.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was performed on 1156 SA and non-SA cases. We applied statistical feature reduction method to obtain the best factors predicting the SA. Two models of ANNs with 5, 10, 15, and 20 neurons in hidden layers were used for model construction. Finally, the best ANN configuration was obtained for predicting the SA using sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and cross-entropy loss function.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study showed that 25 factors correlated with SA at the statistical level of <i>P</i> < 0.05. Assessing all ANN structures resulted in FF-BP<sup>3</sup> algorithm having the configuration of 25-15-1 with accuracy-train of 0.92, accuracy-test of 0.86, and accuracy-validation of 0.87 gaining the best performance over other ANN algorithms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Developing the CDSS for predicting SA has crucial role to effectively inform geriatrics and health care policymakers decision making.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10982733/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140335632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_76_23
Atefe Torabi, Jalil Reisi, Mehdi Kargarfard, Marjan Mansourian
Background: Irisin, a myokine that is responsive to exercise, induces significant changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue. By promoting the browning of white fat tissue, it enhances energy expenditure, thereby addressing overweight and obesity. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of different types of physical exercises on irisin levels in overweight and obese adults.
Methods: Specifically, the review focused on studies involving obese or overweight individuals who participated in exercise training for a minimum of 8 weeks, with measured and reported changes in serum irisin levels compared to a control group. Data were collected from four databases (Google Scholar, ISI Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, and Scopus). The risk of bias was assessed using the Begg and Egger tests, and the results were synthesized.
Results: Initial searches identified 560 titles, out of which only seven met the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant increase in serum irisin concentration (SMD = 0.957, P = 0.005) among obese and overweight individuals who engaged in exercise, compared to the passive control group. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) (SMD = 1.229, P < 0.001) had a more pronounced effect on increasing serum irisin levels than other exercise protocols. Furthermore, the effectiveness of exercise varied based on the participants' weight status (significant changes for overweight individuals; P < 0.001 and insignificant changes for obese individuals; P = 0.1), age (significant changes for those under 40 years old; P < 0.001 and insignificant changes for those over 40 years old; P = 0.322), and gender (significant changes for men; P < 0.001 and insignificant changes for women; P = 0.285).
Conclusions: Consequently, exercise can elevate serum irisin levels, leading to alterations in adipose tissue phenotype and thermogenesis, ultimately contributing to weight reduction in obese and overweight individuals.
{"title":"Differences in the Impact of Various Types of Exercise on Irisin Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Atefe Torabi, Jalil Reisi, Mehdi Kargarfard, Marjan Mansourian","doi":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_76_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_76_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Irisin, a myokine that is responsive to exercise, induces significant changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue. By promoting the browning of white fat tissue, it enhances energy expenditure, thereby addressing overweight and obesity. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of different types of physical exercises on irisin levels in overweight and obese adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Specifically, the review focused on studies involving obese or overweight individuals who participated in exercise training for a minimum of 8 weeks, with measured and reported changes in serum irisin levels compared to a control group. Data were collected from four databases (Google Scholar, ISI Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, and Scopus). The risk of bias was assessed using the Begg and Egger tests, and the results were synthesized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Initial searches identified 560 titles, out of which only seven met the criteria for inclusion in the systematic review. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant increase in serum irisin concentration (SMD = 0.957, <i>P</i> = 0.005) among obese and overweight individuals who engaged in exercise, compared to the passive control group. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) (SMD = 1.229, <i>P</i> < 0.001) had a more pronounced effect on increasing serum irisin levels than other exercise protocols. Furthermore, the effectiveness of exercise varied based on the participants' weight status (significant changes for overweight individuals; <i>P</i> < 0.001 and insignificant changes for obese individuals; <i>P</i> = 0.1), age (significant changes for those under 40 years old; <i>P</i> < 0.001 and insignificant changes for those over 40 years old; <i>P</i> = 0.322), and gender (significant changes for men; <i>P</i> < 0.001 and insignificant changes for women; <i>P</i> = 0.285).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Consequently, exercise can elevate serum irisin levels, leading to alterations in adipose tissue phenotype and thermogenesis, ultimately contributing to weight reduction in obese and overweight individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":14342,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10982734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140335633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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