Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198853053.003.0017
Nicholas Eaddy, A. Cardinal
This chapter describes the blood products which are commonly required as part of anaesthetic practice, including red cells, plasma, cryoprecipitate, platelet concentrate, and concentrated coagulation factor preparations. The essential components of patient blood management, aiming to reduce the requirement for transfusion, are described. The principles and practice of massive blood transfusion are described. The specific management of Jehovah’s Witnesses, and other patients who decline blood transfusion, is discussed. The chapter finishes with a discussion of the common intravenous fluid preparations which are used in practice, and how to use them appropriately.
{"title":"Blood products and fluid therapy","authors":"Nicholas Eaddy, A. Cardinal","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198853053.003.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198853053.003.0017","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes the blood products which are commonly required as part of anaesthetic practice, including red cells, plasma, cryoprecipitate, platelet concentrate, and concentrated coagulation factor preparations. The essential components of patient blood management, aiming to reduce the requirement for transfusion, are described. The principles and practice of massive blood transfusion are described. The specific management of Jehovah’s Witnesses, and other patients who decline blood transfusion, is discussed. The chapter finishes with a discussion of the common intravenous fluid preparations which are used in practice, and how to use them appropriately.","PeriodicalId":143488,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Anaesthesia","volume":"68 21-22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122023925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198853053.003.0038
S. Chandrasekharan, R. Mistry, D. Frei
This chapter discusses the management of the emergency patient. It begins with tracheal intubation of critically ill adults then discusses sepsis and septic shock, the emergency laparotomy, the ICU patient going to theatre and transferring the critically ill.
{"title":"The emergency patient","authors":"S. Chandrasekharan, R. Mistry, D. Frei","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198853053.003.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198853053.003.0038","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the management of the emergency patient. It begins with tracheal intubation of critically ill adults then discusses sepsis and septic shock, the emergency laparotomy, the ICU patient going to theatre and transferring the critically ill.","PeriodicalId":143488,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Anaesthesia","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130328912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198853053.003.0014
M. Marroquin-Harris
This chapter provides a basic overview of anaesthetic equipment and its safe use. Topics include the provision of anaesthetic gases, the basic components of the anaesthetic machine, breathing systems, positive-pressure ventilation, and airway equipment including laryngoscopes, endotracheal tubes and supraglottic airway devices. Methods of long-term venous access are discussed.
{"title":"Getting started","authors":"M. Marroquin-Harris","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198853053.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198853053.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides a basic overview of anaesthetic equipment and its safe use. Topics include the provision of anaesthetic gases, the basic components of the anaesthetic machine, breathing systems, positive-pressure ventilation, and airway equipment including laryngoscopes, endotracheal tubes and supraglottic airway devices. Methods of long-term venous access are discussed.","PeriodicalId":143488,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Anaesthesia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130227024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198853053.003.0019
K. Byrne, Kate Goldstone, Peter R. Simmons
This chapter discusses the anaesthetic management of cardiac surgery. It begins with preoperative considerations, risk scoring for cardiac surgery, transoesophageal echocardiography and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Surgical procedures covered include coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (including emergency and redo CABG); valve replacements and thoracic aortic surgery. Intraaortic balloon pumps and pulmonary hypertension are also covered.
{"title":"Cardiac anaesthesia","authors":"K. Byrne, Kate Goldstone, Peter R. Simmons","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198853053.003.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198853053.003.0019","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the anaesthetic management of cardiac surgery. It begins with preoperative considerations, risk scoring for cardiac surgery, transoesophageal echocardiography and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Surgical procedures covered include coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (including emergency and redo CABG); valve replacements and thoracic aortic surgery. Intraaortic balloon pumps and pulmonary hypertension are also covered.","PeriodicalId":143488,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Anaesthesia","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127872936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198853053.003.0010
D. Howell
This chapter describes the anaesthetic management of the patient with those musculoskeletal disorders which are relevant to anaesthetic practice. Topics covered include rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); systemic sclerosis; scoliosis and achondroplasia. For each topic, pre-operative investigation and optimisation, treatment, and anaesthetic management are described.
{"title":"Bone, joint and connective tissue disorders","authors":"D. Howell","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198853053.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198853053.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes the anaesthetic management of the patient with those musculoskeletal disorders which are relevant to anaesthetic practice. Topics covered include rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); systemic sclerosis; scoliosis and achondroplasia. For each topic, pre-operative investigation and optimisation, treatment, and anaesthetic management are described.","PeriodicalId":143488,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Anaesthesia","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116586899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198853053.003.0001
Rachel Freedman, Lara Herbert, Aidan O'Donnell, N. Ross, M. Marroquin-Harris
This introductory chapter is intended to emphasise the importance of two fundamental duties: the anaesthetist looking after the patient, and the anaesthetist looking after themselves. Looking after the patient requires building a culture of good practice, and encompasses perioperative safety, the causes of complications, briefing and debriefing, documentation, drug safety, vigilance and crisis management, handling of serious events, and evidence-based medicine. Self-care encompasses resilience, recognition of fatigue and burnout, mental health issues among anaesthetists, working while pregnant, personal protective equipment, manual handling, and dealing with a complaint.
{"title":"Good practice and safety","authors":"Rachel Freedman, Lara Herbert, Aidan O'Donnell, N. Ross, M. Marroquin-Harris","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198853053.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198853053.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This introductory chapter is intended to emphasise the importance of two fundamental duties: the anaesthetist looking after the patient, and the anaesthetist looking after themselves. Looking after the patient requires building a culture of good practice, and encompasses perioperative safety, the causes of complications, briefing and debriefing, documentation, drug safety, vigilance and crisis management, handling of serious events, and evidence-based medicine. Self-care encompasses resilience, recognition of fatigue and burnout, mental health issues among anaesthetists, working while pregnant, personal protective equipment, manual handling, and dealing with a complaint.","PeriodicalId":143488,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Anaesthesia","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121813727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198853053.003.0002
Tom Blincoe, Ian Densham, D. Kotwinski
This new chapter gives an overview of the management principles at the start of a patient’s perioperative journey. It includes preoperative assessment with detail on history, examination, investigations, consultation models, functional assessment (including CPET), risk assessment, outcomes, shared-decision making and consent. It also outlines preoptimisation with a focus on prehabilitation and lifestyle modifications. It gives up-to-date information on fasting, VTE prophylaxis, antibiotic prophylaxis, anaemia and iron deficiency, the perioperative management of patients’ usual medications and herbal medicines, and the use of premedicants. Finally, it outlines the principles of enhanced recovery and emphasizes the importance of postoperative planning.
{"title":"Preoperative considerations","authors":"Tom Blincoe, Ian Densham, D. Kotwinski","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198853053.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198853053.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This new chapter gives an overview of the management principles at the start of a patient’s perioperative journey. It includes preoperative assessment with detail on history, examination, investigations, consultation models, functional assessment (including CPET), risk assessment, outcomes, shared-decision making and consent. It also outlines preoptimisation with a focus on prehabilitation and lifestyle modifications. It gives up-to-date information on fasting, VTE prophylaxis, antibiotic prophylaxis, anaemia and iron deficiency, the perioperative management of patients’ usual medications and herbal medicines, and the use of premedicants. Finally, it outlines the principles of enhanced recovery and emphasizes the importance of postoperative planning.","PeriodicalId":143488,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Anaesthesia","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114397402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.4324/9781482273946-21
Aidan O'donnell
This chapter describes the anaesthetic management of the patient with those psychiatric disorders which are relevant to anaesthetic practice, including dementia, alcoholism and anorexia nervosa. Psychiatric medications which can affect anaesthetic practice are described, including monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI), antipsychotic drugs and lithium. Anaesthesia for drug-misusing patients and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is described. Sedation of agitated patients on the ward is discussed.
{"title":"Psychiatric disorders","authors":"Aidan O'donnell","doi":"10.4324/9781482273946-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781482273946-21","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes the anaesthetic management of the patient with those psychiatric disorders which are relevant to anaesthetic practice, including dementia, alcoholism and anorexia nervosa. Psychiatric medications which can affect anaesthetic practice are described, including monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI), antipsychotic drugs and lithium. Anaesthesia for drug-misusing patients and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is described. Sedation of agitated patients on the ward is discussed.","PeriodicalId":143488,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Anaesthesia","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122572719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198853053.003.0016
John Newland, Heng-Yi (Henry) Wu, Alexandra Cardinal, Nicholas Eaddy
This chapter describes the safe conduct of general anaesthesia. Topics covered include induction of anaesthesia; maintenance of anaesthesia; total intravenous anaesthesia; and volatile anaesthetic agents. The important methods of monitoring the patient are discussed in detail, including monitoring of neuromuscular blockade, depth of anaesthesia and cardiac output. The measurement and control of patient temperature is described. The common surgical positions are described, together with their safety concerns. The chapter finishes with a discussion of the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
{"title":"Conduct of anaesthesia","authors":"John Newland, Heng-Yi (Henry) Wu, Alexandra Cardinal, Nicholas Eaddy","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198853053.003.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198853053.003.0016","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes the safe conduct of general anaesthesia. Topics covered include induction of anaesthesia; maintenance of anaesthesia; total intravenous anaesthesia; and volatile anaesthetic agents. The important methods of monitoring the patient are discussed in detail, including monitoring of neuromuscular blockade, depth of anaesthesia and cardiac output. The measurement and control of patient temperature is described. The common surgical positions are described, together with their safety concerns. The chapter finishes with a discussion of the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting.","PeriodicalId":143488,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Anaesthesia","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122603949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-01DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198853053.003.0012
A. Young, S. Kabadayi, S. Marsh
This chapter describes the anaesthetic management of the patient with those neurological or muscular disorders which are relevant to anaesthetic practice, including malignant hyperthermia (MH). Other topics covered include epilepsy, cerebrovascular disease; Parkinson’s disease; spinal cord lesions; myasthenia gravis; multiple sclerosis; Guillain-Barré syndrome; motor neuron disease; dystrophia myotonica and the muscular dystrophies. For each topic, pre-operative investigation and optimisation, treatment, and anaesthetic management are described.
{"title":"Neurological and muscular disorders","authors":"A. Young, S. Kabadayi, S. Marsh","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198853053.003.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198853053.003.0012","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes the anaesthetic management of the patient with those neurological or muscular disorders which are relevant to anaesthetic practice, including malignant hyperthermia (MH). Other topics covered include epilepsy, cerebrovascular disease; Parkinson’s disease; spinal cord lesions; myasthenia gravis; multiple sclerosis; Guillain-Barré syndrome; motor neuron disease; dystrophia myotonica and the muscular dystrophies. For each topic, pre-operative investigation and optimisation, treatment, and anaesthetic management are described.","PeriodicalId":143488,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook of Anaesthesia","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122798443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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