Wireless sensor networks have become an increasingly important area for research and application. Compared to traditional networks, its security faces many unfavorable factors such as severe resource constraints, inability to secure the wireless medium, potentially harsh sensing environment, etc. Attacks detection is an important issue to a wireless sensor network security. In this paper, sensors were classified and different kinds of malicious attacks in a wireless sensor network were analyzed, based on which a rule-based attacks detection method was proposed. The detection rules were given to detect most kinds of malicious attacks.
{"title":"A Rule-based Attacks Detection Method for Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"S. Zi-hao, L. Shufen","doi":"10.3991/IJOE.V10I1.3212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3991/IJOE.V10I1.3212","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensor networks have become an increasingly important area for research and application. Compared to traditional networks, its security faces many unfavorable factors such as severe resource constraints, inability to secure the wireless medium, potentially harsh sensing environment, etc. Attacks detection is an important issue to a wireless sensor network security. In this paper, sensors were classified and different kinds of malicious attacks in a wireless sensor network were analyzed, based on which a rule-based attacks detection method was proposed. The detection rules were given to detect most kinds of malicious attacks.","PeriodicalId":14375,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Online Engineering","volume":"35 1","pages":"33-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81094369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A variety of devices and ubiquitous computing systems such as RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) generate and exchange significant events during their execution. In this paper, compared to most existing RFID framework, We provide a framework of RFID system based on Complex Event Processing which aims at providing a scalable solution for gathering, filtering, and providing clean RFID data. We design a complex event detection algorithm of performing Complex Event Processing directly over unreliable RFID event streams by incorporating cleansing requirements into complex event specifications. We explain how raw RFID events can make business process data accessible for process mining. The results of this research can be widely used for RFID events analysis in various areas such as logistics and manufacturing systems.
{"title":"RFID Event Analysis Based on Complex Event Processing","authors":"Kong Xiangsheng","doi":"10.3991/IJOE.V10I1.3049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3991/IJOE.V10I1.3049","url":null,"abstract":"A variety of devices and ubiquitous computing systems such as RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) generate and exchange significant events during their execution. In this paper, compared to most existing RFID framework, We provide a framework of RFID system based on Complex Event Processing which aims at providing a scalable solution for gathering, filtering, and providing clean RFID data. We design a complex event detection algorithm of performing Complex Event Processing directly over unreliable RFID event streams by incorporating cleansing requirements into complex event specifications. We explain how raw RFID events can make business process data accessible for process mining. The results of this research can be widely used for RFID events analysis in various areas such as logistics and manufacturing systems.","PeriodicalId":14375,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Online Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"5-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79442322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ion conducting polymer composite specimen has been prepared by using Polyvinyl- pyrrolidone (PVP) and Potassium hydroxide (KOH) using double distilled water as the solvent. The solution cast techniques was used to prepare the specimens. The main objective of the project is to study structural and mechanical properties of the polymer composite specimen. The conductivity and micro structure analysis has been carried out. The results revealed conductivity and hardness of the polymer composite increased with concentration of the KOH salt
{"title":"FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CONDUCTING POLYMER COMPOSITE","authors":"Ritu Tomar, C. Sharma","doi":"10.5121/IJOE.2013.2401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/IJOE.2013.2401","url":null,"abstract":"The ion conducting polymer composite specimen has been prepared by using Polyvinyl- pyrrolidone (PVP) and Potassium hydroxide (KOH) using double distilled water as the solvent. The solution cast techniques was used to prepare the specimens. The main objective of the project is to study structural and mechanical properties of the polymer composite specimen. The conductivity and micro structure analysis has been carried out. The results revealed conductivity and hardness of the polymer composite increased with concentration of the KOH salt","PeriodicalId":14375,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Online Engineering","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86726067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thin films of a conjugated polymer Poly [2-methoxy-5-(3’,7’-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MDMO-PPV) were prepared from chloroform, 1,2dichlorobenzene and toluene solutions by spin coating technique on quartz substrates. Absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the polymer thin films prepared from different solvents were measured. The UV -vis absorption and PL spectra of MDMO -PPV films was affected by solvents used for spin coating. Further, with Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) it has been demonstrated that the surface morphology of MDMO -PPV: [6,6]-Phenyl C61-butyric Acid 3ethylthiophene Ester thinfilms depends strongly on preparation condition (solvents).
{"title":"OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MDMO -PPV AND MDMO -PPV/ (6,6)-PHENYL C61-BUTYRIC ACID 3- ETHYLTHIOPHENE ESTER THIN FILMS","authors":"B. Omer","doi":"10.5121/ijoe.2013.2201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/ijoe.2013.2201","url":null,"abstract":"Thin films of a conjugated polymer Poly [2-methoxy-5-(3’,7’-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MDMO-PPV) were prepared from chloroform, 1,2dichlorobenzene and toluene solutions by spin coating technique on quartz substrates. Absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the polymer thin films prepared from different solvents were measured. The UV -vis absorption and PL spectra of MDMO -PPV films was affected by solvents used for spin coating. Further, with Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) it has been demonstrated that the surface morphology of MDMO -PPV: [6,6]-Phenyl C61-butyric Acid 3ethylthiophene Ester thinfilms depends strongly on preparation condition (solvents).","PeriodicalId":14375,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Online Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88739116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Azadeh Bamdad Moghadam, Ali Asghar, Beheshti Shirazi, A. Souzani, Atena Abdi
When an image or a document on a paper acquired through scanning, photographing or photocopying, the image on the back page may be show through. This cause a non-linear image mixture and should be resolved through a non-linear source separation. In this paper, we improve a previously introduced method, which suppose two independent images in the same point don't have same frequency. In this work we first give a mathematical analysis for an approximate linear separation as preprocessing; then nonlinear separation procedure is improved using Non-Subsampled Contourlet Transform (NSCT) instead of normal separable wavelet transform. The NSCT provides multiscale decomposition with directional filters at each scale. Furthermore, NSCT is very efficient in saving the geometric information of images and therefore it has very good feature localization. Experimental results show that our linear preprocessing and NSCT-based non-linear separation methods both have better separation quality, comparing with previously introduce methods.
{"title":"IMAGE SEPARATION BASED ON NON SUBSAMPLED CONTOURLET (NSCT)","authors":"Azadeh Bamdad Moghadam, Ali Asghar, Beheshti Shirazi, A. Souzani, Atena Abdi","doi":"10.5121/IJOE.2013.2101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/IJOE.2013.2101","url":null,"abstract":"When an image or a document on a paper acquired through scanning, photographing or photocopying, the image on the back page may be show through. This cause a non-linear image mixture and should be resolved through a non-linear source separation. In this paper, we improve a previously introduced method, which suppose two independent images in the same point don't have same frequency. In this work we first give a mathematical analysis for an approximate linear separation as preprocessing; then nonlinear separation procedure is improved using Non-Subsampled Contourlet Transform (NSCT) instead of normal separable wavelet transform. The NSCT provides multiscale decomposition with directional filters at each scale. Furthermore, NSCT is very efficient in saving the geometric information of images and therefore it has very good feature localization. Experimental results show that our linear preprocessing and NSCT-based non-linear separation methods both have better separation quality, comparing with previously introduce methods.","PeriodicalId":14375,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Online Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83055311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The exponential rise in the density of silicon CMOS transistors has now reached a limit and threatening to end the microelectronics revolution. To tackle this difficulty, group III–V compound semiconductors due to their outstanding electron transport properties and high mobility are very actively being researched as channel materials for future highly scaled CMOS devices. In this paper, we have studied a ballistic nanoscale MOSFET using simulation approach by replacing silicon in the channel by III-V compounds. The channel materials considered are silicon (Si), Gallium arsenide (GaAs), Indium arsenide (InAs), Indium Phosphide (InP) and Indium Antimonide (InSb). The device metrics considered at the nanometer scale are subthreshold swing, Drain induced barrier lowering, on and off current, carrier injection velocity and switching speed. These channel materials have been studied using various dielectric constants. It has been observed that Indium Antimonide (InSb) has higher on current, higher transconductance, idealistic subthreshold swing, higher output conductance, higher carrier injection velocity and comparable voltage gain compared to Silicon, thus, making InSb as a possible candidate to be used as channel material in future nanoscale devices.
{"title":"STUDY OF NOVEL CHANNEL MATERIALS USING III-V COMPOUNDS WITH VARIOUS GATE DIELECTRICS","authors":"R. Prasher, Devi Dass, R. Vaid","doi":"10.5121/IJOE.2013.2102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/IJOE.2013.2102","url":null,"abstract":"The exponential rise in the density of silicon CMOS transistors has now reached a limit and threatening to end the microelectronics revolution. To tackle this difficulty, group III–V compound semiconductors due to their outstanding electron transport properties and high mobility are very actively being researched as channel materials for future highly scaled CMOS devices. In this paper, we have studied a ballistic nanoscale MOSFET using simulation approach by replacing silicon in the channel by III-V compounds. The channel materials considered are silicon (Si), Gallium arsenide (GaAs), Indium arsenide (InAs), Indium Phosphide (InP) and Indium Antimonide (InSb). The device metrics considered at the nanometer scale are subthreshold swing, Drain induced barrier lowering, on and off current, carrier injection velocity and switching speed. These channel materials have been studied using various dielectric constants. It has been observed that Indium Antimonide (InSb) has higher on current, higher transconductance, idealistic subthreshold swing, higher output conductance, higher carrier injection velocity and comparable voltage gain compared to Silicon, thus, making InSb as a possible candidate to be used as channel material in future nanoscale devices.","PeriodicalId":14375,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Online Engineering","volume":"14 1","pages":"11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89620955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-01-07DOI: 10.5923/J.IJOE.20120205.01
R. Mishra, S. P. Pandey, Jitendra Gaur
The thermodynamic behaviour of glass forming undercooled melt have been studied by analysing the temperature dependence of the Gibbs free energy difference (G) for six poly meric glass forming materials (O-terphenyl, Tri-α-naphthyl benzene, Glycerol, Ethanol, 2-methylpentane and Phenyl salicylate (salol)) between the undercooled melt and the corresponding equilibriu m solid phases. The expression obtained by expanding free energies of the undercooled liquid and solid phases of the materials in the form of Taylor's series expansion. The procedure for the estimat ion of the ideal glass transition temperature has been reviewed together its importance in the glass forming ability of materials. The glass forming ability of undercooled materials is also explained in terms of ratio o f reduced glass transition temperature and ideal glass transition temperature. It has also reported that Glycerol has the largest melt ing interval with the poorest glass forming ab ility among these six poly mers. It has also been found that the best polymeric glass forming materials are at near eutectic composition. There is a strong correlation between glass forming ability of these polymeric materials. The thermodynamic behaviour of glass forming poly meric melts has been studied employ ing the expressions based on Taylor's series expansion and it is found that the expression for G, obtained are capable to explain temperature dependence of the thermodynamic quantities (G, H and S ) o f g lass forming poly meric melts quite satisfactorily. It is quite interesting to see the response of expression obtained on the basis of Taylor's series expansion in exp laining the temperature dependence of the thermodynamic quantity G for glass forming organic liquids. The present study is for the Gibbs free energy difference (G) between liquid and solid phases for glass forming organic melts by calculating G for six d ifferent samp les of organic glasses; o-terphenyl (o-ter), tri--napthyle benzene (tri--NB), phenyl salicylate (salo l), glycero l, ethanol and 2-methylpentane (2-mp) in the temperature range Tm to Tg in the frame of expression based on Taylor's series expansion. The expression for the entropy difference S based on Taylor's series expansion has been further emp loyed to find
{"title":"The Correlation between Reduced Glass Transition Temperature and Glass Forming Ability of Undercooled Polymeric Glasses","authors":"R. Mishra, S. P. Pandey, Jitendra Gaur","doi":"10.5923/J.IJOE.20120205.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.IJOE.20120205.01","url":null,"abstract":"The thermodynamic behaviour of glass forming undercooled melt have been studied by analysing the temperature dependence of the Gibbs free energy difference (G) for six poly meric glass forming materials (O-terphenyl, Tri-α-naphthyl benzene, Glycerol, Ethanol, 2-methylpentane and Phenyl salicylate (salol)) between the undercooled melt and the corresponding equilibriu m solid phases. The expression obtained by expanding free energies of the undercooled liquid and solid phases of the materials in the form of Taylor's series expansion. The procedure for the estimat ion of the ideal glass transition temperature has been reviewed together its importance in the glass forming ability of materials. The glass forming ability of undercooled materials is also explained in terms of ratio o f reduced glass transition temperature and ideal glass transition temperature. It has also reported that Glycerol has the largest melt ing interval with the poorest glass forming ab ility among these six poly mers. It has also been found that the best polymeric glass forming materials are at near eutectic composition. There is a strong correlation between glass forming ability of these polymeric materials. The thermodynamic behaviour of glass forming poly meric melts has been studied employ ing the expressions based on Taylor's series expansion and it is found that the expression for G, obtained are capable to explain temperature dependence of the thermodynamic quantities (G, H and S ) o f g lass forming poly meric melts quite satisfactorily. It is quite interesting to see the response of expression obtained on the basis of Taylor's series expansion in exp laining the temperature dependence of the thermodynamic quantity G for glass forming organic liquids. The present study is for the Gibbs free energy difference (G) between liquid and solid phases for glass forming organic melts by calculating G for six d ifferent samp les of organic glasses; o-terphenyl (o-ter), tri--napthyle benzene (tri--NB), phenyl salicylate (salo l), glycero l, ethanol and 2-methylpentane (2-mp) in the temperature range Tm to Tg in the frame of expression based on Taylor's series expansion. The expression for the entropy difference S based on Taylor's series expansion has been further emp loyed to find","PeriodicalId":14375,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Online Engineering","volume":"26 1","pages":"26-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81268928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation and Comparison of Optical Properties of Nickel Nanowires and Nickel Thin Film Using He-Ne Laser","authors":"Saleem Khan","doi":"10.5121/IJOE.2012.1203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/IJOE.2012.1203","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14375,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Online Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"15-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83200501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The photo-electrical response of donor-acceptor complex formed by carbonyl viologen 1,1'-bis[2-(4methoxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl]-4,4'-bipyridine-1,1'-diium bromide (as electron acceptor), and 1Aminonaphthalene (electron donor), is studied in acetonitrile solutions under illumination close to solar irradiation conditions. The effect of the donor-to-acceptor molar ratio on the photo-electrical properties of the molecular complex is established. The molecular system containing carbonyl viologen acceptor exhibits an efficient photo-electrical response that may be of interest for solar energy conversion.
{"title":"Photo-Electrical Response of Donor-Acceptor Complex with Carbonyl Viologen Acceptor","authors":"N. Kirov","doi":"10.5121/ijoe.2012.1201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/ijoe.2012.1201","url":null,"abstract":"The photo-electrical response of donor-acceptor complex formed by carbonyl viologen 1,1'-bis[2-(4methoxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl]-4,4'-bipyridine-1,1'-diium bromide (as electron acceptor), and 1Aminonaphthalene (electron donor), is studied in acetonitrile solutions under illumination close to solar irradiation conditions. The effect of the donor-to-acceptor molar ratio on the photo-electrical properties of the molecular complex is established. The molecular system containing carbonyl viologen acceptor exhibits an efficient photo-electrical response that may be of interest for solar energy conversion.","PeriodicalId":14375,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Online Engineering","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85274199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Synthesis of copper-telluride nanowires has been carried out using template -assisted electrodeposition technique. The polycarbonate template is supported on a copper substrate. The synthesized nanowires were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The SEM image has confirmed the satisfactory deposition of the CuTe nanowires having 100 nm diameters as expected. The investigations for the optical properties of the nanowires werecarried out using He-Ne laser. The analysis of the images so obtained by a high resolutiondigital camera at different orientations with respect to the incident light has shown that CuTe nanowires exhibit a distinct intensity patterns as compared to the patterns obtained withthe available copperthin film depositions.
{"title":"Synthesis of Copper-Telluride (CuTe) Nanowires and its Characterization using He-Ne Laser","authors":"S. Arya, Saleem Khan, P. Lehana","doi":"10.5121/IJOE.2012.1202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5121/IJOE.2012.1202","url":null,"abstract":"Synthesis of copper-telluride nanowires has been carried out using template -assisted electrodeposition technique. The polycarbonate template is supported on a copper substrate. The synthesized nanowires were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The SEM image has confirmed the satisfactory deposition of the CuTe nanowires having 100 nm diameters as expected. The investigations for the optical properties of the nanowires werecarried out using He-Ne laser. The analysis of the images so obtained by a high resolutiondigital camera at different orientations with respect to the incident light has shown that CuTe nanowires exhibit a distinct intensity patterns as compared to the patterns obtained withthe available copperthin film depositions.","PeriodicalId":14375,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Online Engineering","volume":"43 1","pages":"7-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84987902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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