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A Real-time Input Data Buffering Scheme Based on Time Synchronization for a T-DMB Software Baseband Receiver 基于时间同步的T-DMB软件基带接收机实时输入数据缓冲方案
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ATNAC.2008.4783325
Jeong Han Jeong, Moohong Lee, Byungjik Keum, Jungkeun Kim, Y. S. Shim, Hwang-Soo Lee
To decode a broadcasting signal such as a T-DMB signal using a software baseband receiver running on a digital signal processor (DSP), real-time input data buffering is important. A time offset of each received frame, which is caused by a difference in the sampling frequency between the transmitter and the receiver, makes input buffer management difficult, eventually resulting in the performance deterioration of the receiver. This work proposes an input data buffering scheme based on a ring buffer for a T-DMB software baseband receiver running on a DSP. The time offset of each received frame is estimated by a time synchronization block using a phase reference symbol and is used by a buffer controller to control the ring buffer so that the receiver on the DSP always reads valid data for data decoding. The validity of the proposed scheme is confirmed by showing that the ring buffer never goes into an overflow state when buffering the input data with a time-varying time offset. Thus, the specified receiver performance is guaranteed over time.
要使用运行在数字信号处理器(DSP)上的软件基带接收器解码广播信号(如T-DMB信号),实时输入数据缓冲非常重要。由于发送端和接收端的采样频率不同,导致接收端每帧的时间偏移,使得输入缓冲区管理困难,最终导致接收端性能下降。本文提出了一种基于环形缓冲器的T-DMB软件基带接收机输入数据缓冲方案。每个接收帧的时间偏移由使用相位参考符号的时间同步块估计,并由缓冲区控制器用于控制环形缓冲区,以便DSP上的接收器始终读取有效数据进行数据解码。通过显示环形缓冲区在缓冲具有时变时间偏移的输入数据时不会进入溢出状态,证实了所提出方案的有效性。因此,随着时间的推移,可以保证指定的接收器性能。
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引用次数: 1
Fixed Broadband Wireless Access based on HAPS using COFDM Schemes: Channel Modelling and Performance Evaluation 基于COFDM方案的HAPS固定宽带无线接入:信道建模和性能评估
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ATNAC.2008.4783296
I. Palma-Lázgare, J. A. Delgado-Penín
The high-data rate links in broadband wireless communications are being essential for a constant growth in the tough environment of radio transmissions, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) can deal with these circumstances. Coded OFDM (COFDM) research in wireless communications is a concept of the well-use spectrum for robust high-data rate transmissions, and its regulation in the IEEE and ITU may have a profitable contribution in our high altitude platform (HAP) study. Moreover, HAP station (HAPS) based systems are now taking part in the world of wireless technologies to carry on with the anywhere and anytime wireless network service considerations. Due to all last considerations, HAP-channel modelling and COFDM-HAPS' performance evaluations conform our study. For our system representation the HAP-based system and ground users are considered as fixed terminals. Herein, our stratospheric channel modelling is approximated to real transmission conditions via the experimental land mobile satellite (LMS) record adoption. Performance results by means of BER vs SNR simulations are plotted and show that our proposal can overcome the wireless link effects of frequency selectivity and multipath fading; our results can offer an alternative idea of an efficient and robust solution for distribution of broadband wireless communications.
在恶劣的无线传输环境下,宽带无线通信中的高数据速率链路对于不断增长是必不可少的,而正交频分复用(OFDM)可以处理这些情况。编码OFDM (COFDM)在无线通信中的研究是一个用于鲁棒高数据速率传输的充分利用频谱的概念,其在IEEE和ITU中的规定可能对我们的高空平台(HAP)研究有有益的贡献。此外,基于HAP站(HAPS)的系统正在参与无线技术的世界,以进行随时随地的无线网络服务考虑。由于所有最后的考虑,hap通道建模和COFDM-HAPS的性能评估符合我们的研究。对于我们的系统表示,基于hap的系统和地面用户被视为固定终端。在此,我们的平流层信道模型通过采用陆地移动卫星(LMS)实验记录近似于真实传输条件。通过对误码率和信噪比的仿真得到了性能结果,结果表明我们的方案能够克服无线链路中频率选择性和多径衰落的影响;我们的研究结果可以为宽带无线通信的分发提供一种高效和健壮的解决方案。
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引用次数: 3
How to Improve the Efficiency of IPv6 Handovers in IEEE 802.16 Networks 如何提高IEEE 802.16网络中IPv6切换的效率
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ATNAC.2008.4783337
Tomasz Mrugalski, J. Wozniak
The first generation of fully conformant IEEE 802.16-based networks is being deployed throughout the world. Most of these networks do not support full mobility, due to radio access layer limitations. Newer solutions, based on IEEE 802.16-2005 standard, offer mobility support for subscriber stations. Unfortunately, after quickly changing the point of attachment on the WiMAX layer, very slow and inefficient IPv6 reconfiguration takes place. Delays introduced by DHCPv6 stateless automatic configuration and mobile IPv6 can easily diminish or even render useless all benefits gained using the efficient WiMAX - data link layer. IPv6 automatic configuration process was not designed with fast reconfiguration in mind. As handover speed is a crucial requirement in mobile cellular environments, reasons behind delays introduced by IPv6 layer mechanisms have to be analyzed and appropriate countermeasures applied. Proposals include novel use of DHCPv6 relays for remote configuration, solving DAD delays, limiting Binding Update procedure in Mobile IPv6, configuring routing through DHCPv6 communication and some other. This paper describes all stages of full IPv6 handover in IEEE 802.16 environment, focusing on major reasons of reconfiguration delays. A new metric for assessing impact of every stage on handover efficiency is defined. Several proposed improvements to the IPv6 handover process are evaluated and simulation results are presented. A discussion regarding possible generalization of best improvement proposals and further research areas concludes this paper.
第一代完全符合IEEE 802.16标准的网络正在世界各地部署。由于无线接入层的限制,这些网络中的大多数不支持完全移动性。基于IEEE 802.16-2005标准的较新的解决方案为用户站提供了移动性支持。不幸的是,在快速改变了WiMAX层的连接点之后,发生了非常缓慢和低效的IPv6重新配置。由DHCPv6无状态自动配置和移动IPv6引入的延迟很容易减少甚至使使用高效的WiMAX -数据链路层所获得的所有好处无效。IPv6自动配置过程的设计并没有考虑到快速重新配置。由于切换速度是移动蜂窝环境中的关键要求,因此必须分析IPv6层机制引入延迟的原因并采取适当的对策。建议包括在远程配置中新颖地使用DHCPv6中继,解决DAD延迟,限制移动IPv6中的绑定更新过程,通过DHCPv6通信配置路由等等。本文描述了IEEE 802.16环境下全IPv6切换的各个阶段,重点讨论了重构延迟的主要原因。定义了一个新的指标来评估每个阶段对移交效率的影响。对IPv6切换过程的几种改进方法进行了评估,并给出了仿真结果。最后讨论了最佳改进建议的可能概括和进一步的研究领域。
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引用次数: 5
Instant Handoffs for Wireless Infrastructure Meshed Networks 无线基础设施网状网络的即时切换
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ATNAC.2008.4783338
A. Kist
Infrastructure meshed networks provide access to wireless clients that do not participate in traffic forwarding. This paper proposes minimalist instant handoff for wireless access networks (MIHAN), allowing for seamless movement of nodes in coverage areas, while maintaining connectivity. The approach of MIHAN is that all client frames, send in radio range of an access node, are received and forwarded to a central gateway. The node removes duplicate packets and tracks the network attachment of wireless clients. MIHAN relies on standard medium access control and a TCP/IP protocol stack. It is transparent to and does not require any special support, in the clients. Only limited configuration changes are necessary in the access nodes; all routing and tracking is handled by the gateway. Advantages include instant handoffs, no changes to access points and protocols and the simplicity of the solution. The paper introduces the scheme, provides details on various implementation options and gives simulation results that show the operation. Proof of concept implementation and some test results are presented.
基础设施网状网络提供对不参与流量转发的无线客户机的访问。本文提出了无线接入网络(MIHAN)的极简即时切换,允许覆盖区域内节点的无缝移动,同时保持连通性。MIHAN的方法是,在一个接入节点的无线电范围内发送的所有客户端帧都被接收并转发到一个中心网关。该节点删除重复的数据包并跟踪无线客户端的网络附件。MIHAN依赖于标准的媒体访问控制和TCP/IP协议栈。它对客户端是透明的,不需要任何特殊的支持。在接入节点中只需要有限的配置更改;所有路由和跟踪都由网关处理。优点包括即时切换、不更改接入点和协议以及解决方案的简单性。本文介绍了该方案,详细介绍了各种实现方案,并给出了仿真结果。给出了概念验证、实现和部分测试结果。
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引用次数: 2
Performance Evaluation of VoIP Services using Different CODECs over a UMTS Network 在UMTS网络上使用不同编解码器的VoIP服务的性能评估
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ATNAC.2008.4783297
Jian Cao, M. Gregory
In this paper, we evaluate the performance of Voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) services that use different compression and decompression (CODEC) schemes, over a hybrid network that includes a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network segment. We focus on the VoIP transmission end-to-end delay. We found that different CODECs provide very different results depending on the hybrid network. The research found that for VoIP services to operate over a hybrid network including a UMTS network segment, with an end-to-end delay comparable to that of circuit switched voice service, there is a requirement for careful comparison and design on choosing the CODEC scheme.
在本文中,我们在包括通用移动通信系统(UMTS)网段的混合网络上评估了使用不同压缩和解压缩(CODEC)方案的互联网协议语音(VOIP)服务的性能。我们重点研究了VoIP传输的端到端延迟问题。我们发现,根据混合网络的不同,不同的编解码器提供了非常不同的结果。研究发现,VoIP业务要在包括UMTS网段的混合网络上运行,端到端延迟与电路交换语音业务相当,在选择CODEC方案时需要进行仔细的比较和设计。
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引用次数: 14
Quantitative Analysis of Incorrectly-Configured Bogon-Filter Detection 错误配置的玻色子过滤器检测的定量分析
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ATNAC.2008.4783287
J. Arnold, Olaf Maennel, A. Flavel, Jeremy McMahon, M. Roughan
Newly announced IP addresses (from previously unused IP blocks) are often unreachable. It is common for network operators to filter out address space which is known to be unallocated ("bogon" addresses). However, as allocated address space changes over time, these bogons might become legitimately announced prefixes. Unfortunately, some ISPs still do not configure their bogon filters via lists published by the Regional Internet Registries (RIRs). Instead, they choose to manually configure filters. Therefore it would be desirable to test whether filters block legitimate address space before it is allocated to ISPs and/or end users. Previous work has presented a methodology that aims at detecting such wrongly configured filters, so that ISPs can be contacted and asked to update their filters. This paper extends the methodology by providing a more formal algorithm for finding such filters, and the paper quantitatively assesses the performance of this methodology.
新宣布的IP地址(来自以前未使用的IP块)通常无法访问。网络运营商通常会过滤掉已知未分配的地址空间(“bogon”地址)。但是,由于分配的地址空间随着时间的推移而变化,这些bogons可能会成为合法宣布的前缀。不幸的是,一些isp仍然没有通过区域互联网注册(RIRs)发布的列表配置他们的bogon过滤器。相反,他们选择手动配置过滤器。因此,在将合法地址空间分配给isp和/或最终用户之前,测试过滤器是否会阻止合法地址空间是可取的。以前的工作已经提出了一种方法,旨在检测这种错误配置的过滤器,以便可以联系isp并要求更新他们的过滤器。本文通过提供一种更正式的算法来寻找这样的过滤器来扩展该方法,并定量地评估了该方法的性能。
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引用次数: 2
Dynamic Topology Control Scheme in MANETs for AODV Routing 面向AODV路由的manet动态拓扑控制方案
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ATNAC.2008.4783331
A. Naghshegar, A. Darehshoorzadeh, A. Dana, M. Dehghan
The topology of wireless multihop ad hoc networks can be controlled by varying the transmission power of each node. Topology control is the problem of changing node's transmission power in ad hoc networks so it maintains a specified network topology while minimizing energy consumption and increasing life time. In this paper, we changed the criteria of choosing neighbors in neighbor-based topology control XTC over AODV routing for mobile ad hoc networks and evaluated the effect of them with different parameters.
无线多跳自组织网络的拓扑结构可以通过改变每个节点的传输功率来控制。拓扑控制是指在自组织网络中改变节点的传输功率,使其在保持特定网络拓扑结构的同时,使能耗最小化,延长网络寿命的问题。本文改变了基于邻居拓扑控制的移动自组织网络中基于AODV路由的XTC选择邻居的标准,并用不同的参数对其效果进行了评价。
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引用次数: 2
An Intelligent Model to Control Preemption Rate of Instantaneous Request Calls in Networks with Book-Ahead Reservation 预先预约网络中瞬时请求呼叫抢占率的智能控制模型
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ATNAC.2008.4783348
I. Ahmad, J. Kamruzzaman, D. Habibi, Farzana Islam
Resource sharing between book-ahead (BA) and instantaneous request (IR) reservation often results in high preemption rate of on-going IR calls. High IR call preemption rate causes interruption to service continuity which is considered as detrimental in a QoS-enabled network. A number of call admission control models have been proposed in literature to reduce the preemption rate of on-going IR calls. Many of these models use a tuning parameter to achieve certain level of preemption rate. This paper presents an artificial neural network (ANN) model to dynamically control the preemption rate of on-going calls in a QoS-enabled network. The model maps network traffic parameters and desired level of preemption rate into appropriate tuning parameter. Once trained, this model can be used to automatically estimate the tuning parameter value necessary to achieve the desired level of preemption rate. Simulation results show that the preemption rate attained by the model closely matches with the target rate.
预购预约(BA)和瞬时请求预约(IR)之间的资源共享通常会导致正在进行的IR调用的高抢占率。高IR呼叫抢占率会导致业务连续性中断,这在qos支持的网络中被认为是有害的。文献中提出了许多呼叫接纳控制模型来降低正在进行的IR呼叫的抢占率。这些模型中的许多都使用调优参数来实现一定级别的抢占率。提出了一种基于人工神经网络(ANN)的动态控制qos网络中正在进行的呼叫抢占率的模型。该模型将网络流量参数和期望的抢占率水平映射为适当的调优参数。经过训练后,该模型可用于自动估计达到所需抢占率水平所需的调优参数值。仿真结果表明,该模型得到的抢占率与目标抢占率基本吻合。
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引用次数: 3
Design and implementation of a hybrid remote display protocol to optimize multimedia experience on thin client devices 设计和实现一种混合远程显示协议,以优化瘦客户机设备上的多媒体体验
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ATNAC.2008.4783356
P. Simoens, P. Praet, B. Vankeirsbilck, J. De Wachter, L. Deboosere, F. De Turck, B. Dhoedt, P. Demeester
In a thin client computing architecture, application processing is delegated to a remote server rather than running the application locally. User input is forwarded to the server, and the rendered images are relayed through a dedicated remote display protocol to the user's device. Existing remote display protocols have been successfully optimized for applications with only minor and low-frequent screen updates, such as a spreadsheet or a text editor. However, they are not designed to cope with the fine-grained and complex color patterns of multimedia applications, leading to high bandwidth requirements and an irresponsive user interface. In this article, a hybrid remote display protocol approach is presented. The existing Remote FrameBuffer protocol of Virtual Network Computing (VNC-RFB) protocol is leveraged with a video streaming mode to transport the rendered images of multimedia applications to the client. Dependent on the amount of motion in the images to be presented, the images are relayed to the client either through the VNC-RFB protocol or through video streaming in the H.264 format. The architecture of this hybrid image renderer is presented and the implementation is detailed. Furthermore, the decision heuristic to switch between the VNC-RFB and the streaming mode is discussed. Experimental results clearly show the advantage of the hybrid approach in terms of client CPU and bandwidth requirements.
在瘦客户机计算体系结构中,将应用程序处理委托给远程服务器,而不是在本地运行应用程序。用户输入被转发到服务器,呈现的图像通过专用的远程显示协议转发到用户的设备。现有的远程显示协议已经成功地针对只有少量和低频率屏幕更新的应用程序(如电子表格或文本编辑器)进行了优化。然而,它们不是为处理多媒体应用程序的细粒度和复杂的颜色模式而设计的,从而导致高带宽需求和无响应的用户界面。本文提出了一种混合远程显示协议方法。利用现有的虚拟网络计算(VNC-RFB)协议的远程帧缓冲协议,采用视频流模式将多媒体应用程序的渲染图像传输到客户端。根据要呈现的图像中的运动量,图像通过VNC-RFB协议或通过H.264格式的视频流传输到客户端。介绍了该混合图像渲染器的体系结构,并给出了具体实现方法。此外,还讨论了在VNC-RFB和流模式之间切换的决策启发式算法。实验结果清楚地显示了混合方法在客户端CPU和带宽需求方面的优势。
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引用次数: 64
Improving Mobile Sensor Connectivity Time in the IEEE 802.15.4 Networks 提高IEEE 802.15.4网络中移动传感器的连接时间
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/ATNAC.2008.4783343
K. Zen, D. Habibi, I. Ahmad
In the IEEE 802.15.4 medium access control (MAC) protocol for wireless sensor networks, a sensor node needs to associate with a coordinator before it starts sending or receiving data. The sensor node will mostly choose the nearest coordinator to associate with. However, this method is not suitable for a constantly moving sensor node because it will end up switching coordinators too often due to short connectivity time. The IEEE 802.15.4 has a simplistic and inadequate method of choosing a coordinator in this context. In this paper, we introduce a method to increase the mobile sensor node connectivity time with its co-ordinator in IEEE 802.15.4 beacon-enabled mode. Our method is based on the timestamp of the beacons received from the nearby coordinators and filtering weak beacon signals. By choosing the coordinator which has sent the most recent received beacon with good signal quality, we increase the moving node connectivity time with the coordinator. Our technique results in significant improvement by reducing the number of times the moving node switches coordinators. This increases the throughput and reduces the wasted power in frequent associations.
在无线传感器网络的IEEE 802.15.4介质访问控制(MAC)协议中,传感器节点在开始发送或接收数据之前需要与协调器相关联。传感器节点通常会选择最近的协调器进行关联。然而,这种方法不适合不断移动的传感器节点,因为它将由于连接时间短而导致协调器切换过于频繁。在这种情况下,IEEE 802.15.4有一种简单且不充分的选择协调器的方法。本文介绍了一种在IEEE 802.15.4信标启用模式下增加移动传感器节点与其协调器连接时间的方法。我们的方法是基于从附近协调器接收到的信标的时间戳,并过滤弱信标信号。通过选择发送最新信标且信号质量好的协调器,增加了移动节点与协调器的连接时间。通过减少移动节点切换协调器的次数,我们的技术得到了显著的改进。这增加了吞吐量并减少了频繁关联中浪费的功率。
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引用次数: 7
期刊
2008 Australasian Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference
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