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Complex Near-surface Velocity Modeling via U-net 基于U-net的复杂近地表速度模拟
Pub Date : 2021-10-18 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202112724
G. Niu, S. Wang, C. Zhou
Summary Accurate near-surface velocity structure is the key to improve the precision of statics and seismic imaging. We propose a novel method for complex near-surface velocity modeling based on a modified U-net from pre-stack seismic data. The method makes use of waveform information rather than travel time only. We design a number of complex near-surface velocity models and simulate shot gathers using the finite difference scheme. During the forward stage, the network develops a nonlinear relationship between the multi-shot seismic data and the corresponding velocity models. During the inversion stage, the trained network can be used to predict velocity models from the new shot gathers in a few minutes. Supported by numerical experiments on synthetic models, this method achieve a promising performance in complex near-surface velocity inversion.
准确的近地表速度结构是提高静校正和地震成像精度的关键。提出了一种基于改进U-net的叠前地震数据复杂近地表速度建模新方法。该方法利用了波形信息,而不仅仅是行程时间。我们设计了一些复杂的近地表速度模型,并使用有限差分格式模拟了弹丸集。在正向阶段,网络在多炮点地震数据和相应的速度模型之间形成非线性关系。在反演阶段,训练后的网络可以在几分钟内根据新的射击集预测速度模型。综合模型的数值实验结果表明,该方法在复杂的近地表速度反演中取得了良好的效果。
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引用次数: 0
Integrated high-resolution model building: a case study from the Sultanate of Oman 综合高分辨率模型构建:来自阿曼苏丹国的案例研究
Pub Date : 2021-10-18 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202112701
M. Farooqui, D. Carotti, M. Al-Jahdhami
Summary The geology of northern Oman presents significant challenges for land velocity model building. We show in this paper that these challenges can be overcome by using an integrated high-resolution velocity model workflow, through the combination of different types of waves, that allow resolving different parts of the velocity model. This dedicated workflow consists of Multi-Wave Inversion (MWI) for the near-surface, followed by Optimal Transport Full Waveform Inversion (OT-FWI) and then by ray-based joint reflected and diving wave tomography inversion. It resolves challenges imposed by complex shallow geology and allows for proper imaging of deeper structures. Compared to a conventional ray-based only model building flow, the integrated high-resolution workflow enabled generating a geologically plausible velocity model which minimizes depth positioning errors and greatly enhances structural and stratigraphic trends.
阿曼北部的地质条件对陆地速度模型的建立提出了重大挑战。我们在本文中表明,这些挑战可以通过使用集成的高分辨率速度模型工作流程来克服,通过组合不同类型的波,可以解决速度模型的不同部分。该专用工作流程包括近地表多波反演(MWI),其次是最佳传输全波形反演(OT-FWI),然后是基于射线的联合反射波和潜水波层析反演。它解决了复杂的浅层地质所带来的挑战,并允许对深层结构进行适当的成像。与传统的仅基于射线的模型构建流程相比,集成的高分辨率工作流能够生成地质上合理的速度模型,从而最大限度地减少深度定位误差,并大大增强构造和地层趋势。
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引用次数: 0
Machine learning based deep carbonate reservoir characterization with physical constraints 基于机器学习的深部碳酸盐岩储层物理约束表征
Pub Date : 2021-10-18 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202112771
Y. Chen, L. Zhao, J. Pan, C. Li, K. Li, F. Zhang, J. Geng
Summary Seismic characterization of deep carbonate reservoir is challenging due to the heterogeneous reservoir properties caused by the complex diagenesis and deep buried physical conditions. We propose a variety of physical constraints (including spatial constraint, continuity constraint, gradient constraint and category constraint) to guide the machine learning (Random Forest method) for reservoir quality prediction using multi-seismic attributes. Taking the carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin, Western China as an example, we demonstrate that, various physical constraints are effective in enhancing the prediction performance based on the well test. The combination of the four proposed physical constraints gives the best prediction performance in terms of identifying reservoir and non-reservoir as well as inferring reservoir quality. We also show that a two-step strategy gives higher F1 score for reservoir quality evaluation. Machine learning based seismic prediction of deep carbonate reservoir with physical constraints suggests that this approach can effectively delineate the heterogeneous reservoir distribution, laying the foundation for geological model building and sweet spot detection.
由于复杂的成岩作用和深埋物性条件导致储层物性不均匀,因此深部碳酸盐岩储层地震表征具有挑战性。我们提出了多种物理约束(包括空间约束、连续性约束、梯度约束和类别约束)来指导机器学习(随机森林方法)利用多地震属性进行储层质量预测。以塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩储层为例,在试井基础上论证了各种物理约束条件对提高预测效果的有效性。四种物理约束的组合在识别储层和非储层以及推断储层质量方面具有最佳的预测效果。两步策略对储层质量评价具有较高的F1分数。基于机器学习的深部物理约束碳酸盐岩储层地震预测表明,该方法能有效圈定非均质储层分布,为地质模型建立和甜点探测奠定基础。
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引用次数: 0
Towards digital twinning for single sensor streamer platforms 面向单传感器拖缆平台的数字孪生
Pub Date : 2021-10-18 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202112768
S. Rentsch, M. Silverberg
Summary In modern product development, assessment and maintenance the use of digital twins is gaining momentum. In its simplest form a digital twin is a virtual model replicating a potential or actual physical product, system, process and/or service in part or in its entirety. In this abstract we show how we created a digital twin for a towed streamer platform by mapping significant parts of the streamer platform elements from a physical platform onto a digital replica. We demonstrate how we integrated simulators for navigation, aimpoints, spread health and seismic data into the digital twin such that we can generate simulations representative of data streams without live streaming all the data from a physical twin. The digital twin facilitates the derivation of maintenance prediction models, compute resource models and acquisition scenario boundaries. We show an example of how the digital twin can give us options for safely reallocating computational resources in scenarios of increasingly challenging sea states or to improve productivity by acquiring a survey faster.
在现代产品开发、评估和维护中,使用数字孪生体的势头越来越大。数字孪生最简单的形式是复制潜在的或实际的物理产品、系统、流程和/或服务的部分或全部的虚拟模型。在这个摘要中,我们展示了如何通过将拖缆平台元素的重要部分从物理平台映射到数字副本上,为拖缆平台创建数字双胞胎。我们演示了如何将导航模拟器、瞄准点模拟器、健康和地震数据传播模拟器集成到数字双胞胎中,这样我们就可以生成具有代表性的数据流模拟,而无需实时传输来自物理双胞胎的所有数据。数字孪生有利于维护预测模型、计算资源模型和获取场景边界的推导。我们展示了一个例子,说明数字孪生如何在日益具有挑战性的海况下为我们提供安全重新分配计算资源的选择,或者通过更快地获取调查来提高生产力。
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引用次数: 0
Practical deep learning inversion using neural architecture search and a flexible training dataset generator 使用神经结构搜索和灵活的训练数据集生成器的实用深度学习反演
Pub Date : 2021-10-18 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202112777
T. Shibayama, N. Mizuno, H. Kusano, A. Kinoshita, M. Minegishi, R. Sakamoto, K. Hasegawa, F. Kachi
Summary Deep learning has the potential to estimate velocity models directly from shot gathers, which would reduce the turn-around time of seismic inversion. Our study addresses two challenges in implementing deep learning techniques for seismic inversion: the practical generation of a large amount of training data and the search for the best neural network architecture. First, we propose a flexible system which parametrically generates velocity models to create a large-scale, complex and fully synthetic training dataset, without using a target subsurface model. Using this system, we created 300,000 synthetic velocity models for our experiments. Second, we employ neural architecture search techniques to design a suitable neural network using Optuna, an automatic hyperparameter optimisation framework. We incorporated the residual network into an encoder–decoder model and optimised its architecture. Thus, we obtained an optimal neural network model consisting of more than 100 hidden layers. We evaluated our model using the Marmousi2 model and the 1994 Amoco statics test dataset. The model demonstrated comprehensible estimations of the benchmark velocity models.
深度学习有可能直接从射击集估计速度模型,这将减少地震反演的周转时间。我们的研究解决了在地震反演中实施深度学习技术的两个挑战:大量训练数据的实际生成和寻找最佳神经网络架构。首先,我们提出了一个灵活的系统,该系统可以参数化地生成速度模型,以创建大规模、复杂和完全合成的训练数据集,而无需使用目标地下模型。使用这个系统,我们为我们的实验创建了30万个合成速度模型。其次,我们采用神经结构搜索技术,使用Optuna(一个自动超参数优化框架)设计一个合适的神经网络。我们将残差网络整合到编码器-解码器模型中,并对其结构进行了优化。因此,我们得到了一个由100多个隐藏层组成的最优神经网络模型。我们使用Marmousi2模型和1994年Amoco静态测试数据集来评估我们的模型。该模型证明了基准速度模型的可理解估计。
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引用次数: 0
Inverse Hessian estimation in least-squares migration using chains of operators 基于算子链的最小二乘迁移逆Hessian估计
Pub Date : 2021-10-18 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202112700
T. Tangkijwanichakul, Sergey Fomel
Summary We approximate the inverse Hessian operator by a chain of weights in time/space and frequency domains. Tests on synthetic data show that this approach provides an effective approximation while having the minimal cost of forward and inverse FFTs (Fast FourierTransforms). The method can be applied either for compensating migrated images or in the form of a preconditioner inside iterative least-squares reverse-time migration (LSRTM). As demonstrated by experiments with synthetic data, the latter significantly accelerates the convergence of LSRTM and achieves high-quality imaging results in fewer iterations.
我们在时间/空间和频域中用权链逼近逆Hessian算子。对合成数据的测试表明,该方法提供了有效的近似,同时具有最小的正向和反向fft(快速傅里叶变换)成本。该方法既可以用于补偿偏移图像,也可以在迭代最小二乘逆时偏移(LSRTM)中作为前置条件。合成数据实验表明,后者显著加快了LSRTM的收敛速度,在更少的迭代中获得了高质量的成像结果。
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引用次数: 0
GOMCRUST - The crustal-scale extension of the 2004 BP velocity model for long-offset OBN acquisition setting GOMCRUST - 2004年BP速度模型在长偏移OBN采集背景下的地壳尺度扩展
Pub Date : 2021-10-18 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202112776
A. Górszczyk, S. Sambolian, S. Operto
Summary We present an extension of the 2004 BP velocity model which is suitable for the assessment of cutting-edge seismic imaging methods as FWI applied to ultra long-offset ocean-bottom node (OBN) acquisitions. The 2004 BP model is routinely utilized to benchmark various velocity-model building approaches - in particular those developed to tackle the challenges encountered in geological settings comprising salt structures. Those challenges are typically related to the correct reconstruction of the subsalt structures or the sharp velocity contrasts between the salt bodies and the surrounding sediments. To make this model suitable for testing the emerging long-offset OBN acquisitions, we embed the original 2004 BP model within a crustal-scale velocity model inspired by the structural interpretation of the tomographic results from the GUMBO experiment (Gulf of Mexico). The resulting model allows for wavefield propagation within the rifted continental crust and the upper mantle and therefore for the undershooting of the salt and subsalt structures. Consequently, there is no need for extrapolation of the original BP model boundaries or resizing/resampling of its spatial dimensions. The GOMCRUST can therefore be seen as a geologically consistent evolution of the 2004 BP model, which allows to benchmark various seismic imaging workflow with long-offset OBN surveys.
我们提出了2004年BP速度模型的扩展,该模型适用于评估前沿地震成像方法,如FWI应用于超长偏移海底节点(OBN)采集。2004年BP模型通常用于各种速度模型构建方法的基准测试,特别是那些为解决包含盐构造的地质环境中遇到的挑战而开发的模型。这些挑战通常与正确重建盐下结构或盐体与周围沉积物之间的急剧速度对比有关。为了使该模型适用于测试新出现的长偏移OBN获取,我们将原始的2004年BP模型嵌入到地壳尺度速度模型中,该模型的灵感来自GUMBO实验(墨西哥湾)层析成像结果的结构解释。由此得出的模型考虑了波场在断裂的大陆地壳和上地幔内的传播,因此考虑了盐层和盐下构造的下冲。因此,不需要对原始BP模型边界进行外推,也不需要对其空间维度进行调整/重新采样。因此,GOMCRUST可以被视为2004年BP模型的地质一致性演化,该模型允许使用长偏移OBN调查基准各种地震成像工作流程。
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引用次数: 0
Prestack data attenuation compensation based on inversion 基于反演的叠前数据衰减补偿
Pub Date : 2021-10-18 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202112741
W. Cheng, S. Wang, C. Zhou, G. Pang
Summary Due to the absorption of subsurface media, seismic waves experience energy attenuation and waveform distortion, which seriously decreases the resolution of seismic data. For prestack seismic data, since the effect of absorption attenuation varies with the propagation path, the amplitude variation with angle (AVA) trend will be distorted. Therefore, we propose a novel prestack attenuation compensation method based on inversion considering the influence of ray paths on the absorption attenuation. We first derive the frequency domain forward formula of the prestack gather in the attenuation media, then reduce the attenuation compensation to an inverse problem, and utilize Tikhonov regularization for stability processing to achieve compensation. Numerical tests, comparative analysis of different compensation methods and noise immunity experiment demonstrate that our method has higher accuracy and can perform attenuation compensation for prestack gather more stably and effectively.
由于地下介质的吸收,地震波发生能量衰减和波形畸变,严重降低了地震资料的分辨率。对于叠前地震资料,由于吸收衰减的影响随传播路径的变化而变化,会导致振幅随角度变化(AVA)趋势失真。因此,我们提出了一种考虑射线路径对吸收衰减影响的基于反演的叠前衰减补偿方法。首先推导出衰减介质中叠前集的频域正演公式,然后将衰减补偿分解为一个逆问题,利用Tikhonov正则化进行稳定性处理来实现补偿。数值试验、不同补偿方法的对比分析和抗噪实验表明,该方法具有较高的精度,能够稳定有效地对叠前采集进行衰减补偿。
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引用次数: 0
Estimation of Thomsen VTI parameters for seismic imaging using vertical and deviated wells 直井和斜井地震成像Thomsen VTI参数估计
Pub Date : 2021-10-18 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202112728
H. Miyamoto, G. Cambois
Summary Seismic data processing by pre-stack depth migration (PrSDM) requires a reliable initial velocity model. An accurate velocity model secures pre-stack gather flatness by short offset spread; however, a vertical transverse isotropy (VTI) model, for characterizing horizontal layering, should be sufficiently considered to extend offset usage and maximize image quality. This study sought a robust workflow of Thomsen VTI parameters, e and δ, estimation to stabilize anisotropic tomography analysis. Vertical and deviated wells offered the opportunity to derive the target parameters in a rather simple and elegant way. Anisotropic Backus averaging combined intrinsic and apparent anisotropy at seismic scale. In our case study, the calculated anisotropic parameters profiles were validated by WAVSPs and by the surface seismic data, which could be flattened effectively all the way to the largest offsets. In particular, steps like refraction FWI need an accurate anisotropic starting model to converge effectively. Cross-spread 3D seismic surveys are particularly ill suited for deriving shallow anisotropic velocity models and the vertical and deviated wells method provides a welcome alternative.
叠前深度偏移(PrSDM)地震数据处理需要可靠的初速度模型。精确的速度模型通过短偏移扩展确保叠前集波平坦度;然而,一个垂直横向各向同性(VTI)模型,表征水平分层,应充分考虑扩展偏移使用和最大化图像质量。本研究寻求一种稳健的Thomsen VTI参数(e和δ)估计工作流,以稳定各向异性层析分析。直井和斜井提供了以相当简单和优雅的方式获得目标参数的机会。地震尺度内禀各向异性和视各向异性的各向异性Backus平均。在我们的案例研究中,计算出的各向异性参数剖面通过wavsp和地面地震数据进行了验证,这些数据可以有效地平坦化到最大偏移量。特别是,像折射FWI这样的步骤需要一个精确的各向异性启动模型来有效收敛。横向扩展三维地震测量特别不适合获得浅层各向异性速度模型,而直井和斜井方法提供了一种受欢迎的替代方法。
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引用次数: 3
A deterministic 4D processing flow to suppress acquisition-related noise at Dalia and Rosa fields 在Dalia和Rosa油田抑制获取相关噪声的确定性4D处理流程
Pub Date : 2021-10-18 DOI: 10.3997/2214-4609.202112772
N. Salaun, M. Pouget, Z. Yu, C. Beigbeder, A. Rivet, S. Dega, M. Peiro, A. Lafram, A. Grandi, E. Jungo
Summary Time-lapse seismic is now being used more frequently to assist reservoir development, prevent infrastructure damage or monitor geological storage. To better reveal true 4D signals while suppressing acquisition-related noise as a result of, for example, water velocity changes, source positioning errors etc., a new processing flow which focusses on correcting each noise-contributing factor based on its physical characteristics, has been developed to replace the conventional non-deterministic correction approach based on cross-survey matching. Our proposed flow is based on using common water bottom and the water-bottom travel time to invert each factor and correct for it, which allows for processing of each monitor survey independently and the possible acceleration of standard 4D processing timelines. We applied this workflow on two fields offshore Angola, one with strong subsidence and one without, and showed the superiority of this new approach to reveal the true 4D information. The subsidence effect, observable from the reservoir up to the water bottom, now better matches with the model of pressure changes in the new 4D results compared to legacy results. Even for field experiencing no subsidence effect, the time shift and NRMS maps obtained at the reservoir level are cleaner and easier to interpret from new flow.
延时地震现在越来越多地用于协助油藏开发,防止基础设施损坏或监测地质储存。为了更好地揭示真实的四维信号,同时抑制由水流速度变化、震源定位误差等引起的采集相关噪声,研究人员开发了一种新的处理流程,该流程侧重于根据每个噪声产生因素的物理特征进行校正,以取代传统的基于交叉测量匹配的不确定性校正方法。我们建议的流量是基于使用共同的底部和底部移动时间来反演每个因素并对其进行校正,从而允许独立处理每个监测调查,并可能加快标准4D处理时间线。我们将该工作流程应用于安哥拉海上的两个油田,一个有强烈下沉,另一个没有下沉,结果表明这种新方法在揭示真实的四维信息方面具有优势。与传统结果相比,从储层到底部可观察到的下沉效果与新4D结果中的压力变化模型更吻合。即使对于没有下沉影响的油田,在油藏水平上获得的时移和NRMS图也更清晰,更容易从新流中解释。
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引用次数: 0
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82nd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition
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