H. U. Mungadi, Salisu M. Garba, Z. Shehu, U. Ahmad, A. Jimoh, E. Ibitoye, A. Shuaibu, Rabi’at Zubair, M. Salman
In the present study, blood samples were collected from 400 chickens and sera harvested for serology using an IgG based indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This research aimed at determining the prevalence of antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus in chickens in sokoto state Nigeria. The samples were collected from selected areas in each of the four Agricultural zones of Sokoto State. The overall sero-prevalence obtained was 346 (86.50%). The sero-prevalence of infectious bronchitis viral antibodies in indigenous and exotic chickens was 88.72% and 84.39% respectively, chi square showed no significant relationship between the two groups, the chi value was 1.603 and P value was 0.205 (>0.05%). In young and adult chickens sampled, the sero-prevalence was 89.50% and 82.87% respectively, chi square showed significant relationship between the two age groups with chi value 3.179 and P value 0.038 (<0.05), binary logistic regression for the two age groups showed no significant association with P= 0.09 (>0.05). The result in male and female chickens tested was 86.88% and 86.17% positives respectively showing slightly higher positives in males than in females with no significant statistical relationship using chi square, chi value was 0,043 and P value 0.836 (>0.05%). This study has provided an update on sero-prevalence of IBV in Sokoto State. It was concluded that there was high sero-prevalence of IBV in the chickens sampled in the State. General survey of the virus in the entire region where Sokoto belongs (Northwestern Nigeria) or the country as a whole is recommended, so as to have a clearer picture of IB and Veterinarians probably consider vaccination as a mean of prevention of the disease, and vaccine be produced using local strains
{"title":"Serological Survey of Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Chickens in Sokoto State Nigeria","authors":"H. U. Mungadi, Salisu M. Garba, Z. Shehu, U. Ahmad, A. Jimoh, E. Ibitoye, A. Shuaibu, Rabi’at Zubair, M. Salman","doi":"10.37284/eajab.6.1.1119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajab.6.1.1119","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, blood samples were collected from 400 chickens and sera harvested for serology using an IgG based indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This research aimed at determining the prevalence of antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus in chickens in sokoto state Nigeria. The samples were collected from selected areas in each of the four Agricultural zones of Sokoto State. The overall sero-prevalence obtained was 346 (86.50%). The sero-prevalence of infectious bronchitis viral antibodies in indigenous and exotic chickens was 88.72% and 84.39% respectively, chi square showed no significant relationship between the two groups, the chi value was 1.603 and P value was 0.205 (>0.05%). In young and adult chickens sampled, the sero-prevalence was 89.50% and 82.87% respectively, chi square showed significant relationship between the two age groups with chi value 3.179 and P value 0.038 (<0.05), binary logistic regression for the two age groups showed no significant association with P= 0.09 (>0.05). The result in male and female chickens tested was 86.88% and 86.17% positives respectively showing slightly higher positives in males than in females with no significant statistical relationship using chi square, chi value was 0,043 and P value 0.836 (>0.05%). This study has provided an update on sero-prevalence of IBV in Sokoto State. It was concluded that there was high sero-prevalence of IBV in the chickens sampled in the State. General survey of the virus in the entire region where Sokoto belongs (Northwestern Nigeria) or the country as a whole is recommended, so as to have a clearer picture of IB and Veterinarians probably consider vaccination as a mean of prevention of the disease, and vaccine be produced using local strains","PeriodicalId":144021,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125100098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Milongo Olonde Susan, Matilda A. Ouma, M. Lukuyu, Lucky Mwiinga
In view of the emerging challenges of climate change and population growth, the need to ensure consumer health safety among other factors is paramount; this practice has not been standardised, and the health risks and impacts on the environment arising from the practice are not known. While the global consumption of chicken products especially chicken meat drastically increased over the years and the trend is expected to continue. Much of the increase in demand is in the developing countries coupled with demand for the four traditional feed ingredients; maise meal, soya bean meal, fish meal, and meat meal. In all three poultry production systems that are extensive, semi-intensive and intensive, a wide range of alternative feedstuffs should be available for use. Expanding populations will create greater demand for chicken products, and the importance of feed industry resources and production systems will increase. This therefore calls for a need to enhance efforts towards increased chicken productivity. This study, therefore, evaluated the growth performance, feed conversion efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of feed supplementation termite Macrotermes bellicosus for indigenous chicken diets. Three groups of twenty IC were placed on diets comprising prepared feeds with different termite inclusion levels (0%, 2.5% and 5%) for each group for six weeks. Results reveal that the termite supplementation provides high crude protein content (43.36%), which leads to enhanced weight gain but no significant differences in the FCR of ICs compared to conventional feeds. Supplementation at different levels offers varying outcomes regarding feed intake: IC on a diet T3 had a lower feed intake compared to T2 but registered higher FBW and SGR. The use of termites contributes to smallholder farms’ food security by providing a cheaper alternative to commercial poultry feeds; and also increases the market value of IC, thus, increasing the profitability of IC production
{"title":"Growth Performance and Feed Conversion Efficiency of Indigenous Chicken Fed on Diet Supplemented with Termites (Macrotermes bellicosus)","authors":"Milongo Olonde Susan, Matilda A. Ouma, M. Lukuyu, Lucky Mwiinga","doi":"10.37284/eajab.6.1.1094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajab.6.1.1094","url":null,"abstract":"In view of the emerging challenges of climate change and population growth, the need to ensure consumer health safety among other factors is paramount; this practice has not been standardised, and the health risks and impacts on the environment arising from the practice are not known. While the global consumption of chicken products especially chicken meat drastically increased over the years and the trend is expected to continue. Much of the increase in demand is in the developing countries coupled with demand for the four traditional feed ingredients; maise meal, soya bean meal, fish meal, and meat meal. In all three poultry production systems that are extensive, semi-intensive and intensive, a wide range of alternative feedstuffs should be available for use. Expanding populations will create greater demand for chicken products, and the importance of feed industry resources and production systems will increase. This therefore calls for a need to enhance efforts towards increased chicken productivity. This study, therefore, evaluated the growth performance, feed conversion efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of feed supplementation termite Macrotermes bellicosus for indigenous chicken diets. Three groups of twenty IC were placed on diets comprising prepared feeds with different termite inclusion levels (0%, 2.5% and 5%) for each group for six weeks. Results reveal that the termite supplementation provides high crude protein content (43.36%), which leads to enhanced weight gain but no significant differences in the FCR of ICs compared to conventional feeds. Supplementation at different levels offers varying outcomes regarding feed intake: IC on a diet T3 had a lower feed intake compared to T2 but registered higher FBW and SGR. The use of termites contributes to smallholder farms’ food security by providing a cheaper alternative to commercial poultry feeds; and also increases the market value of IC, thus, increasing the profitability of IC production","PeriodicalId":144021,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134194549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Willbroad Byamukama, Phelix Mbabazi Businge, R. Kalibwani
In emerging nations, the use of information and communication technology has considerably benefitted the advancement of agriculture, health, rural development, and education. This technique has had a considerable impact on the way agriculture is developed in third-world countries. For information on the weather and prices, farmers now have direct access to the market, buyers, customers, and the metrological department. Information and communication technology has increased farmer incomes all over the world. It is now vital to provide access to facilities and introduce technology to rural areas where farmers lack knowledge, information, and skills regarding this technology. Several studies have also demonstrated that the adoption of information and communication technology tools in agricultural production has increased agricultural productivity. A few of the major problems and challenges that farmers encounter includes inadequate information transfer, poor agricultural practices, record reconciliation between farmers, the government, and traders, and a lack of understanding of the best farming techniques
{"title":"Mobile Telephony as an ICT Tool for Agricultural Information Dissemination in Developing Countries: A Review","authors":"Willbroad Byamukama, Phelix Mbabazi Businge, R. Kalibwani","doi":"10.37284/eajab.6.1.1082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajab.6.1.1082","url":null,"abstract":"In emerging nations, the use of information and communication technology has considerably benefitted the advancement of agriculture, health, rural development, and education. This technique has had a considerable impact on the way agriculture is developed in third-world countries. For information on the weather and prices, farmers now have direct access to the market, buyers, customers, and the metrological department. Information and communication technology has increased farmer incomes all over the world. It is now vital to provide access to facilities and introduce technology to rural areas where farmers lack knowledge, information, and skills regarding this technology. Several studies have also demonstrated that the adoption of information and communication technology tools in agricultural production has increased agricultural productivity. A few of the major problems and challenges that farmers encounter includes inadequate information transfer, poor agricultural practices, record reconciliation between farmers, the government, and traders, and a lack of understanding of the best farming techniques","PeriodicalId":144021,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127018632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fall armyworm (FAW) is a new invasive pest that causes economic damage to a wide variety of crops. This pest is estimated to reduce maize yields by about 60%. FAW could cause crop losses of up to US$13 billion annually across sub-Saharan Africa, threatening the livelihoods of millions of resource-poor farmers worldwide. Governments have warned against the indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides that could undermine pest control strategies for smallholder farmers who rely heavily on natural enemies. Since the invasion of this pest in Kenya, there have been limited studies conducted on indigenous innovations to tackle the challenges of FAW infestation. There has also been limited knowledge of the effects of the indigenous innovations adopted by smallholder farmers on crop production. A total of 150 farmers from Busia, Siaya, and Vihiga counties were purposely sampled and appropriately informed about the indigenous innovations they developed to address and leverage FAW challenges with the help of well-structured questionnaires. The impact of indigenous innovations on crop production were evaluated. Analysis of quantitative data was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 to facilitate descriptive and inferential analysis of the study variables and by carrying out the Binomial Logistic regression analysis for objectives i, ii, iii and iv, respectively. Results were presented as descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, respectively. The dependent variable was the FAW pest awareness, while the independent variables were age, gender, education level, farm size, employment status and income, respectively.
秋粘虫(FAW)是一种新的入侵害虫，对多种作物造成经济危害。据估计，这种害虫会使玉米产量减少约60%。在撒哈拉以南非洲地区，一汽每年可能造成高达130亿美元的作物损失，威胁到全世界数百万资源贫乏农民的生计。各国政府警告说，不要滥用化学杀虫剂，这可能会破坏严重依赖天敌的小农的虫害防治战略。自从这种害虫在肯尼亚入侵以来，对解决一汽虫侵扰挑战的本土创新进行了有限的研究。关于小农采用的本土创新对作物生产的影响的认识也很有限。共有来自Busia、Siaya和Vihiga县的150名农民进行了抽样调查，并通过结构合理的问卷调查，适当地了解了他们为解决和利用一汽面临的挑战而开发的自主创新。评估了自主创新对作物生产的影响。定量数据的分析使用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)第20版，以促进研究变量的描述性和推理分析，并分别对目标i, ii, iii和iv进行二项逻辑回归分析。结果分别以描述性统计和推理统计的形式呈现。因变量为对一虫有害生物的认识程度，自变量为年龄、性别、文化程度、农场规模、就业状况和收入。
{"title":"Contribution of Indigenous Innovations for Mitigating Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith) among Maize Farmers for Improved Food Security","authors":"Muchiri Ellyjoy Mukami, C. Gor, Matilda A. Ouma","doi":"10.37284/eajab.6.1.1070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajab.6.1.1070","url":null,"abstract":"Fall armyworm (FAW) is a new invasive pest that causes economic damage to a wide variety of crops. This pest is estimated to reduce maize yields by about 60%. FAW could cause crop losses of up to US$13 billion annually across sub-Saharan Africa, threatening the livelihoods of millions of resource-poor farmers worldwide. Governments have warned against the indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides that could undermine pest control strategies for smallholder farmers who rely heavily on natural enemies. Since the invasion of this pest in Kenya, there have been limited studies conducted on indigenous innovations to tackle the challenges of FAW infestation. There has also been limited knowledge of the effects of the indigenous innovations adopted by smallholder farmers on crop production. A total of 150 farmers from Busia, Siaya, and Vihiga counties were purposely sampled and appropriately informed about the indigenous innovations they developed to address and leverage FAW challenges with the help of well-structured questionnaires. The impact of indigenous innovations on crop production were evaluated. Analysis of quantitative data was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 to facilitate descriptive and inferential analysis of the study variables and by carrying out the Binomial Logistic regression analysis for objectives i, ii, iii and iv, respectively. Results were presented as descriptive statistics and inferential statistics, respectively. The dependent variable was the FAW pest awareness, while the independent variables were age, gender, education level, farm size, employment status and income, respectively.","PeriodicalId":144021,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129487202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was on socioeconomic factors influencing the uptake of coffee production recommended practices in the Kichwamba and Kirugu Sub-counties of the Rubirizi district and was conducted in February 2021. Objectives were to identify the coffee production systems and practices used, identify the socioeconomic challenges associated with the uptake of recommended practices for coffee production, and identify the policy interventions to address the challenges associated with the use of recommended coffee practices. Farmers continue to register low coffee yields hence affecting their livelihoods and incomes and achieving maximum coffee production requires that farmers apply recommended practices since the quantity and quality of the crop rely on the practices used. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using simple random sampling and a total of 376 coffee farmers were sampled. Results indicated that Arabica coffee commonly grown has two major systems intercropping and mono-cropping. The coffee-recommended practices used were weeds control (23.7%), shading (21.5%), pruning (15.5%), fertiliser application (14.1%), pest and disease management (12.2%), water drainage management (6.6%), transplanting (4.0%), and seedbed preparation (2.7%). Statistically significant socioeconomic factors affecting the uptake of recommended practices for coffee were age [p=0.014], education level [p=0.002], labour [p=0.005], Farm size [p=0.001], farming experience [p=0.031], gender [p=0.031], land slope [p=0.048], un-accessibility to credit services [p=0.032], and plot ownership [p=0.049]. Policy interventions were farmer capacity building (35.1%), strengthening agricultural extension (23.7%), credit extension to the farmers (15.7%), re-visiting land reform policies (13.6%), and group formation (11.9%). The study concluded that coffee in the study area was grown under two production systems; intercropping and mono-cropping; the major coffee recommended practices used were; seedbed management, transplanting, pruning, shading, fertiliser application, weeds control, pest and disease management, and water drainage management. Socioeconomic factors like Education level, shortage of labour, farm size, experience in farming, gender, the slope of the land, un-accessibility of credit services, farmer age and plot ownership type were significant socioeconomic factors affecting uptake of recommended practices. Suggested policy interventions were re-visiting land reform policies, credit extension, capacity building, strengthening agricultural extension, and farmer group formation. More education and training for farmers, revisiting land policies, groups, associations and cooperative formation, and credit services extension are recommended.
{"title":"Socioeconomic Factors Influencing Uptake of Coffee Production Recommended Practices in Kichwamba and Kirugu Sub-Counties Rubirizi District, Uganda","authors":"Ahimbisibwe Jerome Ronalds, Osiru David, F. Opio","doi":"10.37284/eajab.6.1.1069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajab.6.1.1069","url":null,"abstract":"The study was on socioeconomic factors influencing the uptake of coffee production recommended practices in the Kichwamba and Kirugu Sub-counties of the Rubirizi district and was conducted in February 2021. Objectives were to identify the coffee production systems and practices used, identify the socioeconomic challenges associated with the uptake of recommended practices for coffee production, and identify the policy interventions to address the challenges associated with the use of recommended coffee practices. Farmers continue to register low coffee yields hence affecting their livelihoods and incomes and achieving maximum coffee production requires that farmers apply recommended practices since the quantity and quality of the crop rely on the practices used. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using simple random sampling and a total of 376 coffee farmers were sampled. Results indicated that Arabica coffee commonly grown has two major systems intercropping and mono-cropping. The coffee-recommended practices used were weeds control (23.7%), shading (21.5%), pruning (15.5%), fertiliser application (14.1%), pest and disease management (12.2%), water drainage management (6.6%), transplanting (4.0%), and seedbed preparation (2.7%). Statistically significant socioeconomic factors affecting the uptake of recommended practices for coffee were age [p=0.014], education level [p=0.002], labour [p=0.005], Farm size [p=0.001], farming experience [p=0.031], gender [p=0.031], land slope [p=0.048], un-accessibility to credit services [p=0.032], and plot ownership [p=0.049]. Policy interventions were farmer capacity building (35.1%), strengthening agricultural extension (23.7%), credit extension to the farmers (15.7%), re-visiting land reform policies (13.6%), and group formation (11.9%). The study concluded that coffee in the study area was grown under two production systems; intercropping and mono-cropping; the major coffee recommended practices used were; seedbed management, transplanting, pruning, shading, fertiliser application, weeds control, pest and disease management, and water drainage management. Socioeconomic factors like Education level, shortage of labour, farm size, experience in farming, gender, the slope of the land, un-accessibility of credit services, farmer age and plot ownership type were significant socioeconomic factors affecting uptake of recommended practices. Suggested policy interventions were re-visiting land reform policies, credit extension, capacity building, strengthening agricultural extension, and farmer group formation. More education and training for farmers, revisiting land policies, groups, associations and cooperative formation, and credit services extension are recommended.","PeriodicalId":144021,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121499208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil acidity is influenced by high levels of aluminium, iron, manganese and low levels of Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), plant nutrients availability such as phosphorus, affect the growth of symbiotic-fixing bacteria in soybean which is detrimental to nodule formation and functioning. In an attempt to evaluate liming effects on soil pH, nitrogen fixation and seed protein content, an experiment was set up using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) layout in a split-plot with four replications at the Crop Museum, the Sokoine University of Agriculture in Morogoro, Tanzania. Soybean genotypes (Bossier, Laela and Uyole soya-1) were used as the main plot, while lime levels (1560, 936 and 624 kg/ha) were used as the subplot. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant influence of lime levels on soil pH, quantities of nitrogen fixed and seed protein content. There was a significant difference (P = 0.001) observed among soybean genotypes with the application of 1560 kg/ha of lime (pH 6.5), recording the highest (7.6) nodule counts and nodule dry weight (19.26). Among the different varieties used in the study, Bossier was observed to have a fixed 24.46 kgN/ha, while Laela produced the highest (10.60%) seed protein content. Application of 1560 kg/lime observed a significant increase in kgN/ha (35.71) as well as a minimal increase (15.66%) in seed protein content at pH 6.5. Interaction effects (P = 0.05), however, observed Laela has fixed the highest nodule (7.6) counts, nitrogen fixation (44.90 kgN/ha), with Bossier recording the highest (20.22%) seed protein. The study revealed that the physiochemical properties of acid soil, as well as soybean yield components such as nodules, N2 fixation and seed protein content, can be maximally improved when limed with CaCo3
{"title":"Effects of Liming on Nodulation, Nitrogen Fixation and Seed Protein Content in Soybean","authors":"W. S. Kollie, E. Semu","doi":"10.37284/eajab.5.1.1029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajab.5.1.1029","url":null,"abstract":"Soil acidity is influenced by high levels of aluminium, iron, manganese and low levels of Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), plant nutrients availability such as phosphorus, affect the growth of symbiotic-fixing bacteria in soybean which is detrimental to nodule formation and functioning. In an attempt to evaluate liming effects on soil pH, nitrogen fixation and seed protein content, an experiment was set up using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) layout in a split-plot with four replications at the Crop Museum, the Sokoine University of Agriculture in Morogoro, Tanzania. Soybean genotypes (Bossier, Laela and Uyole soya-1) were used as the main plot, while lime levels (1560, 936 and 624 kg/ha) were used as the subplot. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant influence of lime levels on soil pH, quantities of nitrogen fixed and seed protein content. There was a significant difference (P = 0.001) observed among soybean genotypes with the application of 1560 kg/ha of lime (pH 6.5), recording the highest (7.6) nodule counts and nodule dry weight (19.26). Among the different varieties used in the study, Bossier was observed to have a fixed 24.46 kgN/ha, while Laela produced the highest (10.60%) seed protein content. Application of 1560 kg/lime observed a significant increase in kgN/ha (35.71) as well as a minimal increase (15.66%) in seed protein content at pH 6.5. Interaction effects (P = 0.05), however, observed Laela has fixed the highest nodule (7.6) counts, nitrogen fixation (44.90 kgN/ha), with Bossier recording the highest (20.22%) seed protein. The study revealed that the physiochemical properties of acid soil, as well as soybean yield components such as nodules, N2 fixation and seed protein content, can be maximally improved when limed with CaCo3","PeriodicalId":144021,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128276840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aryamanya Wycliffe Muhumuza, S. Edward, Osiru David
The study was to assess the contributions of Compassion International to the livelihood of smallholder farmers in the Bushenyi district of western Uganda. The specific objectives were to; (i) assess the household livelihood changes resulting from smallholder participation in Compassion International programs; (ii) assess the level of beneficiary participation in Compassion programs, (iii) analyse the contribution of Compassion International to food production and security, and (iv) examine the challenges being faced by Compassion International that hinder their operations in rural settings of Uganda. The study adopted a descriptive survey design that applied both quantitative and qualitative approaches for data collection. Data was captured from 206 respondents using both a questionnaire and an interview schedule. Data was analysed using SPSS version 16 to generate both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that smallholder participation in Compassion International programs has resulted in livelihood changes such as; enhanced child education, household economic and spiritual empowerment, increased access to agricultural inputs, income-generating projects, and enhanced household capacities. The study also found that beneficiaries participated in compassion programs by attending organisation outreaches, seminars, and annual meetings, mobilising local resources towards the cause, participating in project activities, paying annual membership fees, and giving feedback on project activities and operations. Compassion International has contributed towards household food production and security of the household across the district by setting up agricultural support projects, mobilising farmers, providing agro-inputs, and facilitating extension service delivery. The study further established that; poor funding, corruption and misuse of funds, competition and poor power relations with the local government are the key challenges hindering Compassion International’s operations in the Bushenyi district. The study concluded that though smallholder farmer participation in compassion programs has resulted in improved livelihood changes for member households, there remains a huge socio-economic gap in the Bushenyi district. The organisations’ operations are still hampered by a number of challenges. The NGO needs to tackle poverty reduction dynamically, strategically, and comprehensively. This is because poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon that needs a multidimensional approach. There is a need to look at other categories of needy people in society such as the elderly, widows, and disabled persons, rather than placing emphasis on a category.
这项研究是为了评估国际慈悲会对乌干达西部Bushenyi地区小农生计的贡献。具体目标是:(i)评估小农参与国际慈悲计划所带来的家庭生计变化;(ii)评估国际慈悲会项目的受益人参与程度，(iii)分析国际慈悲会对粮食生产和安全的贡献，以及(iv)研究国际慈悲会在乌干达农村地区面临的阻碍其运作的挑战。本研究采用描述性调查设计，采用定量和定性方法收集数据。数据是通过问卷调查和访谈时间表从206名受访者中获取的。使用SPSS version 16对数据进行分析，生成描述性和推断性统计。研究发现，参与国际慈悲计划的小农带来了生计变化，例如;加强儿童教育，增强家庭经济和精神能力，增加获得农业投入、创收项目和增强家庭能力的机会。研究还发现，受益者通过参加组织外展、研讨会和年会、为事业调动当地资源、参与项目活动、支付年度会员费以及对项目活动和运营提供反馈来参与同情计划。国际同情会通过设立农业支助项目、动员农民、提供农业投入品和促进推广服务的提供，为整个地区的家庭粮食生产和家庭安全作出了贡献。该研究进一步证实;资金不足、腐败和滥用资金、竞争以及与当地政府的权力关系不佳是阻碍国际慈悲会在busshenyi地区开展工作的主要挑战。研究得出的结论是，虽然参与爱心项目的小农改善了成员家庭的生计变化，但在busshenyi地区仍然存在巨大的社会经济差距。这些组织的运作仍然受到许多挑战的阻碍。非政府组织需要动态地、战略性地、全面地解决减贫问题。这是因为贫困是一个多方面的现象，需要采取多方面的办法。有必要关注社会上其他类别的有需要的人，如老年人、寡妇和残疾人，而不是把重点放在某一类人身上。
{"title":"Contribution of Compassion International to the Livelihood of Smallholder Farmers in Bushenyi District","authors":"Aryamanya Wycliffe Muhumuza, S. Edward, Osiru David","doi":"10.37284/eajab.5.1.1022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajab.5.1.1022","url":null,"abstract":"The study was to assess the contributions of Compassion International to the livelihood of smallholder farmers in the Bushenyi district of western Uganda. The specific objectives were to; (i) assess the household livelihood changes resulting from smallholder participation in Compassion International programs; (ii) assess the level of beneficiary participation in Compassion programs, (iii) analyse the contribution of Compassion International to food production and security, and (iv) examine the challenges being faced by Compassion International that hinder their operations in rural settings of Uganda. The study adopted a descriptive survey design that applied both quantitative and qualitative approaches for data collection. Data was captured from 206 respondents using both a questionnaire and an interview schedule. Data was analysed using SPSS version 16 to generate both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study found that smallholder participation in Compassion International programs has resulted in livelihood changes such as; enhanced child education, household economic and spiritual empowerment, increased access to agricultural inputs, income-generating projects, and enhanced household capacities. The study also found that beneficiaries participated in compassion programs by attending organisation outreaches, seminars, and annual meetings, mobilising local resources towards the cause, participating in project activities, paying annual membership fees, and giving feedback on project activities and operations. Compassion International has contributed towards household food production and security of the household across the district by setting up agricultural support projects, mobilising farmers, providing agro-inputs, and facilitating extension service delivery. The study further established that; poor funding, corruption and misuse of funds, competition and poor power relations with the local government are the key challenges hindering Compassion International’s operations in the Bushenyi district. The study concluded that though smallholder farmer participation in compassion programs has resulted in improved livelihood changes for member households, there remains a huge socio-economic gap in the Bushenyi district. The organisations’ operations are still hampered by a number of challenges. The NGO needs to tackle poverty reduction dynamically, strategically, and comprehensively. This is because poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon that needs a multidimensional approach. There is a need to look at other categories of needy people in society such as the elderly, widows, and disabled persons, rather than placing emphasis on a category.","PeriodicalId":144021,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124039982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil acidity limits crop productivity and affects food security, household income as well as the environment. Given the consequences of soil acidity, appropriate measures such as sustainable use of agricultural lime could be an option to enhance the productive capacity of acid soils. The study was conducted to assess the growth, yield, and yield components of soybean response to liming in acid soil. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot with four replications at the Crop Museum, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania. Three soybean varieties (Bossier, Laela, and Uyole soya-1) were used as the main plot, and four levels of lime (L0:0, L1:1560; L2:936, and L3:624 kg/ha) were used in the subplot. The analysis of variance revealed that the variety Uyole soya-1 had the highest average number of filled pods per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and 100 seed weight. The variety Laela had the highest grain yield (kg/ha) of all the varieties used in the study. The results also showed that the application of 1560 kg/ha of lime in acid soil raised the soil pH from 5.0 to 6.5 thus having a significant influence on growth, yield and yield components.
{"title":"Effects of Liming on Acid Soil to Improve Growth and Yield in Soybean (Glycine max L. Merill)","authors":"W. S. Kollie, E. Semu","doi":"10.37284/eajab.5.1.1006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajab.5.1.1006","url":null,"abstract":"Soil acidity limits crop productivity and affects food security, household income as well as the environment. Given the consequences of soil acidity, appropriate measures such as sustainable use of agricultural lime could be an option to enhance the productive capacity of acid soils. The study was conducted to assess the growth, yield, and yield components of soybean response to liming in acid soil. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot with four replications at the Crop Museum, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania. Three soybean varieties (Bossier, Laela, and Uyole soya-1) were used as the main plot, and four levels of lime (L0:0, L1:1560; L2:936, and L3:624 kg/ha) were used in the subplot. The analysis of variance revealed that the variety Uyole soya-1 had the highest average number of filled pods per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, and 100 seed weight. The variety Laela had the highest grain yield (kg/ha) of all the varieties used in the study. The results also showed that the application of 1560 kg/ha of lime in acid soil raised the soil pH from 5.0 to 6.5 thus having a significant influence on growth, yield and yield components.","PeriodicalId":144021,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128268587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Willbroad Byamukama, Phelix Mbabazi Businge, R. Kalibwani
Agriculture continues to be the main source of livelihood in developing countries and smallholder farming is the most common type of agriculture practice supporting more than 70% of the population. On the other hand, information and communication technology (ICT) is quickly growing as its helping to connect easier and faster; thus, a dire need to harness it in promoting the agricultural sector. This study investigated the Information Communication Technology Devices for Agricultural Information Dissemination among Smallholder Farmers in Uganda (Rubanda, Mayuge Districts, And Mbarara City). The study adopted a cross-sectional research design that comprised a mixed methods approach of quantitative and qualitative. The instrument for this study consisted of structured questionnaires and interviews. More so, available reports and records were explored. The questionnaire was subjected to face and content validity and reliability test. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics of frequency counts and percentages. Findings show that the leading types of ICT devices for agricultural information dissemination in Rubanda District, Mayuge District, and Mbarara City were mobile phones and radios. The study recommends that the most important information to farmers should always be disseminated via phone conversation, texting, and radio for broadcast agricultural-related programs in respective local languages
{"title":"Information Communication Technology Devices for Agricultural Information Dissemination among Smallholder Farmers in Uganda (Rubanda, Mayuge Districts, and Mbarara City)","authors":"Willbroad Byamukama, Phelix Mbabazi Businge, R. Kalibwani","doi":"10.37284/eajab.5.1.998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajab.5.1.998","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture continues to be the main source of livelihood in developing countries and smallholder farming is the most common type of agriculture practice supporting more than 70% of the population. On the other hand, information and communication technology (ICT) is quickly growing as its helping to connect easier and faster; thus, a dire need to harness it in promoting the agricultural sector. This study investigated the Information Communication Technology Devices for Agricultural Information Dissemination among Smallholder Farmers in Uganda (Rubanda, Mayuge Districts, And Mbarara City). The study adopted a cross-sectional research design that comprised a mixed methods approach of quantitative and qualitative. The instrument for this study consisted of structured questionnaires and interviews. More so, available reports and records were explored. The questionnaire was subjected to face and content validity and reliability test. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics of frequency counts and percentages. Findings show that the leading types of ICT devices for agricultural information dissemination in Rubanda District, Mayuge District, and Mbarara City were mobile phones and radios. The study recommends that the most important information to farmers should always be disseminated via phone conversation, texting, and radio for broadcast agricultural-related programs in respective local languages","PeriodicalId":144021,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129246198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Lubembe, S. Okoth, Hilda R. B. Hounsounou, Benson Turyasingura, O. Kelvin, Moenga, Thoko B. S. Mwalughali
Globally, human population growth worldwide is something that cannot be controlled, and so there is a need to sustain the needs of a growing population. In Africa, for instance, population projections are made yearly, not even once stagnation is seen. Feeding and nutrition issues, hunger eradication have become a problem with the continuing growth of the population, which in turn is putting a lot of pressure on available resources like capturing fisheries from the lakes, oceans, and rivers, leaving them void. Aquaculture has then proven useful in supplementing the dwindling catch fisheries stocks, which have become incapable of supporting the growing population. Since its introduction in Africa, however, changes have been seen as it has contributed to food security and malnutrition and improved livelihoods by creating jobs and generating income. Currently, diversified products come from aquaculture practices both in inland and freshwaters, ponds, and intensification of aquaculture farming methods, which all put together boost the production to a higher level. Genetics has also been employed to ensure seeds produced for aquaculture are worth being cultured for production. A lot of fisher folks are benefiting both directly and indirectly making a living. Although the contribution of aquaculture is small, sometimes termed insignificant, its growth is steady and it has a promising future as far as its goals (increased protein food production and improved livelihoods of fisher communities) are concerned
{"title":"Is Aquaculture a Success? Evidence from Africa","authors":"S. Lubembe, S. Okoth, Hilda R. B. Hounsounou, Benson Turyasingura, O. Kelvin, Moenga, Thoko B. S. Mwalughali","doi":"10.37284/eajab.5.1.974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajab.5.1.974","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, human population growth worldwide is something that cannot be controlled, and so there is a need to sustain the needs of a growing population. In Africa, for instance, population projections are made yearly, not even once stagnation is seen. Feeding and nutrition issues, hunger eradication have become a problem with the continuing growth of the population, which in turn is putting a lot of pressure on available resources like capturing fisheries from the lakes, oceans, and rivers, leaving them void. Aquaculture has then proven useful in supplementing the dwindling catch fisheries stocks, which have become incapable of supporting the growing population. Since its introduction in Africa, however, changes have been seen as it has contributed to food security and malnutrition and improved livelihoods by creating jobs and generating income. Currently, diversified products come from aquaculture practices both in inland and freshwaters, ponds, and intensification of aquaculture farming methods, which all put together boost the production to a higher level. Genetics has also been employed to ensure seeds produced for aquaculture are worth being cultured for production. A lot of fisher folks are benefiting both directly and indirectly making a living. Although the contribution of aquaculture is small, sometimes termed insignificant, its growth is steady and it has a promising future as far as its goals (increased protein food production and improved livelihoods of fisher communities) are concerned","PeriodicalId":144021,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125730098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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