José Eulário Lampi Dique, César Pedro, Custódio Jorge José Fernando, M. Quinhentos, Ivan de Paiva Barbosa, Leonel Tarcísio da Cristina Bungala, D. Dias, António Arlindo Mendes, J. Carneiro
The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic divergence between common bean strains from the breeding program of the Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique (IIAM)-Zonal Centre (CZC) and to identify potential genitors to generate segregating populations with high average and wide genetic variability. Five common bean lines were evaluated in a randomized block design with three repetitions. The quantitative traits evaluated were leaf area index, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, several pods per plant, 100 seed weight, and yield, while the qualitative traits were growth habit, epicotyl colour, leaf colour intensity, leaf roughness, fresh pod colour, grain colour, grain size, and flower colour. The data obtained were submitted to variance analysis and grouping of means by the Scott-Knott test. The relative importance of characters was evaluated by the Singh. Clustering was performed by the Tocher optimization method and distance projection in the 2D plane, using the generalized Mahalanobis distance as a measure of dissimilarity. The degree of preservation of genetic distances in the 2D plane was assessed by the Cohenetic Correlation Coefficient, distortion, and stress. The LPA54 and Bonus lines were highlighted by direct selection based on the performance per se of their characteristics. Genetic variability was checked for the trait’s days to 50% flowering several of pods per plant, and 100-seed weight and the strains were separated into two groups. The crosses between (G19833, LPA54, Manteiga, and Bonus) with the strain DOR364 there is the potential for obtaining hybrids with higher heterotic effect and segregating populations with high variability. The traits of 100-seed weight, pods per plant, epicotyl colour, and grain size were the most important in the discrimination of the strains
{"title":"Genetic Divergence and Selection of Genitors Aiming to Generate Variability in Common Bean Lines","authors":"José Eulário Lampi Dique, César Pedro, Custódio Jorge José Fernando, M. Quinhentos, Ivan de Paiva Barbosa, Leonel Tarcísio da Cristina Bungala, D. Dias, António Arlindo Mendes, J. Carneiro","doi":"10.37284/eajab.5.1.912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajab.5.1.912","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic divergence between common bean strains from the breeding program of the Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique (IIAM)-Zonal Centre (CZC) and to identify potential genitors to generate segregating populations with high average and wide genetic variability. Five common bean lines were evaluated in a randomized block design with three repetitions. The quantitative traits evaluated were leaf area index, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, several pods per plant, 100 seed weight, and yield, while the qualitative traits were growth habit, epicotyl colour, leaf colour intensity, leaf roughness, fresh pod colour, grain colour, grain size, and flower colour. The data obtained were submitted to variance analysis and grouping of means by the Scott-Knott test. The relative importance of characters was evaluated by the Singh. Clustering was performed by the Tocher optimization method and distance projection in the 2D plane, using the generalized Mahalanobis distance as a measure of dissimilarity. The degree of preservation of genetic distances in the 2D plane was assessed by the Cohenetic Correlation Coefficient, distortion, and stress. The LPA54 and Bonus lines were highlighted by direct selection based on the performance per se of their characteristics. Genetic variability was checked for the trait’s days to 50% flowering several of pods per plant, and 100-seed weight and the strains were separated into two groups. The crosses between (G19833, LPA54, Manteiga, and Bonus) with the strain DOR364 there is the potential for obtaining hybrids with higher heterotic effect and segregating populations with high variability. The traits of 100-seed weight, pods per plant, epicotyl colour, and grain size were the most important in the discrimination of the strains","PeriodicalId":144021,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121800442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Callen Nyang'ate Onura, A. Muthumbi, J. James, V. Wang'ondu
Enhanced growth and survival indicate a quality diet important in the production of quality fish larvae. Diet’s quality heavily depends on the quality of its protein which varies with inclusion levels and sources. This Influences stress responses and compromises wellbeing larvae due to diets suboptimal provision of nutritional requirements. However, there exists a knowledge gap on the performance of different proteins beyond growth and survival. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of partially replacing Caridina nilotica with Spirulina platensis or Eisenia fetida on stress tolerance of Clarias gariepinus larvae. This was conducted in 0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7mg/l ammonia concentrations at 28°C and pH 7 within 24-hours using four- and six-weeks old larvae. The larvae were fed on formulated diets and a control at 10% body weight, five times a day. All larvae exposed to 0.7mg/l ammonia concentration died irrespective of the diet fed. A combination of 50%Caridina nilotica and 50%Eisenia fetida fed larvae posted low (p<0.001) total mortality of 78% and 52% in 0.5mg/l, stress indices of 457.3 and 342 and, took the longest time of 12.67 and 18.67-hours for half the number of larvae exposed to die in 0.7mg/l ammonia respectively for four- and six-week-old larvae. However, larvae fed on 50%Spirulina platensis and 50%Caridina nilotica posted higher (p<0.001) total mortality of 97% and 73% in 0.5mg/l, stress indices of 574.3 and 476.3 and, shortest time of 8 and 10.17-hours for half the number of 4- and 6-weeks old (respectively) larvae exposed to 0.7mg/l ammonia to die. Protein source influenced stress tolerance with Eisenia fetida diets enhancing better larvae tolerance to ammonia compared to Spirulina platensis and Caridina nilotica (control) diets. Caridina nilotica could be replaced by Eisenia fetida up to 50% and 25% by Spirulina platensis to enhance Clarias gariepinus larvae tolerance to ammonia stress.
{"title":"Stress Tolerance of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822) Larvae Fed on Spirulina platensis or Eisenia fetida in Partial Replacement of Caridina nilotica in Formulated Diets","authors":"Callen Nyang'ate Onura, A. Muthumbi, J. James, V. Wang'ondu","doi":"10.37284/eajab.5.1.845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajab.5.1.845","url":null,"abstract":"Enhanced growth and survival indicate a quality diet important in the production of quality fish larvae. Diet’s quality heavily depends on the quality of its protein which varies with inclusion levels and sources. This Influences stress responses and compromises wellbeing larvae due to diets suboptimal provision of nutritional requirements. However, there exists a knowledge gap on the performance of different proteins beyond growth and survival. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of partially replacing Caridina nilotica with Spirulina platensis or Eisenia fetida on stress tolerance of Clarias gariepinus larvae. This was conducted in 0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7mg/l ammonia concentrations at 28°C and pH 7 within 24-hours using four- and six-weeks old larvae. The larvae were fed on formulated diets and a control at 10% body weight, five times a day. All larvae exposed to 0.7mg/l ammonia concentration died irrespective of the diet fed. A combination of 50%Caridina nilotica and 50%Eisenia fetida fed larvae posted low (p<0.001) total mortality of 78% and 52% in 0.5mg/l, stress indices of 457.3 and 342 and, took the longest time of 12.67 and 18.67-hours for half the number of larvae exposed to die in 0.7mg/l ammonia respectively for four- and six-week-old larvae. However, larvae fed on 50%Spirulina platensis and 50%Caridina nilotica posted higher (p<0.001) total mortality of 97% and 73% in 0.5mg/l, stress indices of 574.3 and 476.3 and, shortest time of 8 and 10.17-hours for half the number of 4- and 6-weeks old (respectively) larvae exposed to 0.7mg/l ammonia to die. Protein source influenced stress tolerance with Eisenia fetida diets enhancing better larvae tolerance to ammonia compared to Spirulina platensis and Caridina nilotica (control) diets. Caridina nilotica could be replaced by Eisenia fetida up to 50% and 25% by Spirulina platensis to enhance Clarias gariepinus larvae tolerance to ammonia stress.","PeriodicalId":144021,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129224185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food security revolves around equality in the availability, access, and intake of nutritious food. The main purpose of this research is to determine the effectiveness of the adoption of agricultural technologies by small-scale farmers on food security, with a particular focus on Moiben Subcounty in Uasin Gishu County. The research adopted a mixed-methods design. A sample size of 179 small-scale farmer households was obtained using purposive and simple random sampling. The instruments used for the research were both questionnaires and interview schedules. To assess validity and reliability, the instruments were piloted. The data collected was organised and analysed using frequencies and%ages and then presented with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. The findings of the research will enable better training methods for small-scale farmers to enhance food security in the Moiben Subcounty of Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The researcher used inferential analysis of the study data to determine the strength of the relationship between the food security variable and the success of the adoption of agricultural technology. The researcher did a correlation analysis and examined the study’s correlation coefficient in detail. Adoption of agricultural technology was significantly and positively connected to food security (r = 0.943; P < 0.05), according to the findings. The correlations were higher than 94.3%, implying that there are large positive relationships between the adoption of agricultural technology and food security. The study findings revealed that an increase in one unit of training small-scale farmers on agricultural techniques decreased food security by 0.146 units. The study will be beneficial to students and other researchers’ intent on the knowledge of small-scale farmer training and its relationship to food security. The adoption of agricultural technologies increased food security by 52.1%. The recommendation of the study was Agricultural technologies will make the work on the farm efficient and will result in more first-grade production of farm produce, improving food security.
{"title":"Effects of Training Small-Scale Farmers on Food Security in Moiben Sub County in Uasin Gishu County","authors":"Margaret Cheruto Yator, P. Ouma, A. Ndiema","doi":"10.37284/eajab.5.1.837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajab.5.1.837","url":null,"abstract":"Food security revolves around equality in the availability, access, and intake of nutritious food. The main purpose of this research is to determine the effectiveness of the adoption of agricultural technologies by small-scale farmers on food security, with a particular focus on Moiben Subcounty in Uasin Gishu County. The research adopted a mixed-methods design. A sample size of 179 small-scale farmer households was obtained using purposive and simple random sampling. The instruments used for the research were both questionnaires and interview schedules. To assess validity and reliability, the instruments were piloted. The data collected was organised and analysed using frequencies and%ages and then presented with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. The findings of the research will enable better training methods for small-scale farmers to enhance food security in the Moiben Subcounty of Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The researcher used inferential analysis of the study data to determine the strength of the relationship between the food security variable and the success of the adoption of agricultural technology. The researcher did a correlation analysis and examined the study’s correlation coefficient in detail. Adoption of agricultural technology was significantly and positively connected to food security (r = 0.943; P < 0.05), according to the findings. The correlations were higher than 94.3%, implying that there are large positive relationships between the adoption of agricultural technology and food security. The study findings revealed that an increase in one unit of training small-scale farmers on agricultural techniques decreased food security by 0.146 units. The study will be beneficial to students and other researchers’ intent on the knowledge of small-scale farmer training and its relationship to food security. The adoption of agricultural technologies increased food security by 52.1%. The recommendation of the study was Agricultural technologies will make the work on the farm efficient and will result in more first-grade production of farm produce, improving food security.","PeriodicalId":144021,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125105563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The productivity of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) has been found to be influenced by biophysical stresses like ecological variations, genotype, climate, pests, and soil fertility. This has reduced bean productivity by 25% in some cases. Hence, research to improve bean varieties and the consequential assessment of their field performance is necessitated by global climate change scenarios. The eco-matching of genotypes in the midst of emerging issues like climate change and global warming has serious economic and food security implications. This research evaluated genotype, seasonal, ecological, and productivity variations of four bean varieties in three diverse ecological zones at the Mua Hills in Machakos County in Kenya. All the experiments were arranged in a Complete Randomized Block Design (RCBD). The research obtained data on growth (leaf numbers, plant heights, plant maturity times), seed parameters (seed water imbibition, shape, colour) and yield parameters (number of pods, pod weight, 100 seed weight) until harvesting time. Data collected were subjected to Multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) at P≤0.05 and means separated using the LSD significant difference test at P≤0.05. The study found that there were significant bean genotype and seasonal and eco-sensitive variation differences at P≤0.05. The economically valuable trait of 100 seed weight correlated positively with other traits in all zones. Therefore, bean varieties are season and eco-sensitive due to genotype, water stress, and current climate change scenarios. Hence, breeding experiments should endeavour to release varieties that have undergone seasonal ecological screening as exacerbated by the need for high productivity
{"title":"Productivity Screening of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties and Agronomic Trait Eco-Seasonal Morphological and Physiological Characterization","authors":"Diana Nthenya Komo, T. Akuja, J. Kimatu","doi":"10.37284/eajab.5.1.750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajab.5.1.750","url":null,"abstract":"The productivity of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) has been found to be influenced by biophysical stresses like ecological variations, genotype, climate, pests, and soil fertility. This has reduced bean productivity by 25% in some cases. Hence, research to improve bean varieties and the consequential assessment of their field performance is necessitated by global climate change scenarios. The eco-matching of genotypes in the midst of emerging issues like climate change and global warming has serious economic and food security implications. This research evaluated genotype, seasonal, ecological, and productivity variations of four bean varieties in three diverse ecological zones at the Mua Hills in Machakos County in Kenya. All the experiments were arranged in a Complete Randomized Block Design (RCBD). The research obtained data on growth (leaf numbers, plant heights, plant maturity times), seed parameters (seed water imbibition, shape, colour) and yield parameters (number of pods, pod weight, 100 seed weight) until harvesting time. Data collected were subjected to Multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) at P≤0.05 and means separated using the LSD significant difference test at P≤0.05. The study found that there were significant bean genotype and seasonal and eco-sensitive variation differences at P≤0.05. The economically valuable trait of 100 seed weight correlated positively with other traits in all zones. Therefore, bean varieties are season and eco-sensitive due to genotype, water stress, and current climate change scenarios. Hence, breeding experiments should endeavour to release varieties that have undergone seasonal ecological screening as exacerbated by the need for high productivity","PeriodicalId":144021,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131379922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ba, A. Koné, M. Diawara, Harouna Daouda Diarra, S. Traoré
In the cotton production zone of Mali, the pastoral ecosystems dynamics is being observed over the last decades, its impact on animal production and rural household welfare raisin the issue of space management particularly from agriculture practices increase participation in the dynamics of these resources. Additionally, in the zone the livestock feed materials are largely based on the use of natural fodders. However, other resources available for livestock include crop residues and industrial concentrated livestock feeding product for alimentary extra portion. This study aimed to evaluate the forage potential of six sites in the cotton zone of Mali using spatial imagery technology and to establish a forage balance sheet at the scale of these pastoral zone. The chosen approach is about the use of Landsat images acquired via Google Earth. Digital processing of these images by using the color composition technic was performed to establish the land use dynamics from 1990 to 2019. The results showed a sharp decrease in the rangelands area in favor of agricultural practices land use. Between 1990 and 2019, the areas dedicated to rain-fed crops increased by 77, 131, 123 and 110 % respectively in Benguéné, Ziguéna, Nafégué and Kokélé. During the same period, fallow areas decreased by -36% in Ziguéna, -23% in Nafégué and -13% in Kokélé. In Benguéné village which is an old cotton production zone, the situation is the most striking (-42% of fallows areas decrease during the same period). The results confirmed that animals daily feeding needs are not met in the villages of Nafégué, Ziguéna and Benguéné. Moreover, the carrying capacity decreased in all these sites from 1990 to 2019 except Benguéné village where agricultural areas occupied more than 60% of the total area. In that village the carrying capacity is ensured by half.
{"title":"Fodder Potential Evaluation of Agro-Pastoral Sites Using Spatial Imagery Technology in the Cotton Production Zone of Mali, West Africa","authors":"A. Ba, A. Koné, M. Diawara, Harouna Daouda Diarra, S. Traoré","doi":"10.37284/eajab.5.1.718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajab.5.1.718","url":null,"abstract":"In the cotton production zone of Mali, the pastoral ecosystems dynamics is being observed over the last decades, its impact on animal production and rural household welfare raisin the issue of space management particularly from agriculture practices increase participation in the dynamics of these resources. Additionally, in the zone the livestock feed materials are largely based on the use of natural fodders. However, other resources available for livestock include crop residues and industrial concentrated livestock feeding product for alimentary extra portion. This study aimed to evaluate the forage potential of six sites in the cotton zone of Mali using spatial imagery technology and to establish a forage balance sheet at the scale of these pastoral zone. The chosen approach is about the use of Landsat images acquired via Google Earth. Digital processing of these images by using the color composition technic was performed to establish the land use dynamics from 1990 to 2019. The results showed a sharp decrease in the rangelands area in favor of agricultural practices land use. Between 1990 and 2019, the areas dedicated to rain-fed crops increased by 77, 131, 123 and 110 % respectively in Benguéné, Ziguéna, Nafégué and Kokélé. During the same period, fallow areas decreased by -36% in Ziguéna, -23% in Nafégué and -13% in Kokélé. In Benguéné village which is an old cotton production zone, the situation is the most striking (-42% of fallows areas decrease during the same period). The results confirmed that animals daily feeding needs are not met in the villages of Nafégué, Ziguéna and Benguéné. Moreover, the carrying capacity decreased in all these sites from 1990 to 2019 except Benguéné village where agricultural areas occupied more than 60% of the total area. In that village the carrying capacity is ensured by half.","PeriodicalId":144021,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120834329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maize (Zea mays L.) is a crop of livelihood, nutritional, economic, and political importance in Kenya. Its productivity growth is estimated at 2% annually, with average yields of 2 tons/ha against a potential 6 tons/ha. Annual production lags behind demand. This study was conducted in a typically rural location of Nandi County in Kenya to investigate smallholder farmers’ social capital, sources of finances, information, and their implications on maize yields. Data from 502 farmers, collected ex post facto, was analysed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Brown-Forsythe ANOVA showed highly significant differences between groups; based on social capital as measured by their membership to social common-interest groups (F* (2,499) = 23.826, P = .000), based on main sources of finances for farm operations (F* (4, 60.649) = 8.519, P = .000) and main sources of technical information (F (3,498) = 38.738, P = .000). A Games-Howell post hoc test showed that the ‘no group’ category had significantly lower yields compared to members of social groups (P = .000). Farmers who mainly financed farm operations through ‘sale of farm produce’ had significantly lower yields compared to ‘non-farm trade’ and ‘salaries from off-farm employment’ categories (P = .001 and .000). The farmer category that relied mainly on ‘mass media’ for information had significantly lower yields (P = .000) compared to those who relied on Extension (P = .000) and ‘digital sources’ (P = .016). The mix of ‘extension and digital sources’ category showed a significantly higher mean compared to ‘Extension only’ (P = .000). In conclusion, farmer organizations and the associated social capital, funding of farm operations and information sources that guarantee quality have a positive impact on maize productivity and food security. This study is of value for practitioners and policy-makers on farmer organizations, seasonal credits, and extension information delivery
{"title":"Farmers’ Social capital, Sources of Finances, Information and their implications on Maize Yields in a Rural Highland, Kenya","authors":"J. Cheruiyot, Festus Kipkorir Nge’tich","doi":"10.37284/eajab.5.1.709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajab.5.1.709","url":null,"abstract":"Maize (Zea mays L.) is a crop of livelihood, nutritional, economic, and political importance in Kenya. Its productivity growth is estimated at 2% annually, with average yields of 2 tons/ha against a potential 6 tons/ha. Annual production lags behind demand. This study was conducted in a typically rural location of Nandi County in Kenya to investigate smallholder farmers’ social capital, sources of finances, information, and their implications on maize yields. Data from 502 farmers, collected ex post facto, was analysed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics. Brown-Forsythe ANOVA showed highly significant differences between groups; based on social capital as measured by their membership to social common-interest groups (F* (2,499) = 23.826, P = .000), based on main sources of finances for farm operations (F* (4, 60.649) = 8.519, P = .000) and main sources of technical information (F (3,498) = 38.738, P = .000). A Games-Howell post hoc test showed that the ‘no group’ category had significantly lower yields compared to members of social groups (P = .000). Farmers who mainly financed farm operations through ‘sale of farm produce’ had significantly lower yields compared to ‘non-farm trade’ and ‘salaries from off-farm employment’ categories (P = .001 and .000). The farmer category that relied mainly on ‘mass media’ for information had significantly lower yields (P = .000) compared to those who relied on Extension (P = .000) and ‘digital sources’ (P = .016). The mix of ‘extension and digital sources’ category showed a significantly higher mean compared to ‘Extension only’ (P = .000). In conclusion, farmer organizations and the associated social capital, funding of farm operations and information sources that guarantee quality have a positive impact on maize productivity and food security. This study is of value for practitioners and policy-makers on farmer organizations, seasonal credits, and extension information delivery","PeriodicalId":144021,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114681521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vision 2030 is Kenya's economic blueprint whose focus is to guide the country in the transformational agenda of achieving a newly industrialized, middle-income country; a country where citizens enjoy high quality life in a clean and secure environment by the year 2030. Appreciating that agriculture is the backbone of the Kenya’s economy, it is critical to inject efficiency in food security projects to guarantee sustainable food security. However, the current food production system is not keen on maintaining value of resources, hence, catalysing soil degradation, deforestation, water depletion, and Green House Gas emissions. Consequently, climate change, food insecurity, slowed economy, unemployment, and poverty. The resultant effect is poor human health, inability to cope with shocks, inequalities, and lack of social services. Nonetheless, factual based policies supporting science, technology, and innovation for efficient and effective resource utilization in food security projects will promote the country’s capacity in achieving resilience in food security. This paper will highlight the concept of resource utilization planning to enhance, resources predictability and value maintenance. The study will employ desk review of relevant documents on: resource utilization and food security and nutrition. The findings are expected to provide policy makers with insight on the policies that are required as a fundamental catalyst, in designing and creating an enabling environment for robust food security projects. In return, the food security projects are bound to minimize on extractive activities, Green House Gas emissions, deforestation, soil degradation and water depletion.
{"title":"Resource Utilization Planning and Resilience in Food Security Projects in Kenya","authors":"G. Ruheni, Lydiah Wambugu","doi":"10.37284/eajab.5.1.706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajab.5.1.706","url":null,"abstract":"Vision 2030 is Kenya's economic blueprint whose focus is to guide the country in the transformational agenda of achieving a newly industrialized, middle-income country; a country where citizens enjoy high quality life in a clean and secure environment by the year 2030. Appreciating that agriculture is the backbone of the Kenya’s economy, it is critical to inject efficiency in food security projects to guarantee sustainable food security. However, the current food production system is not keen on maintaining value of resources, hence, catalysing soil degradation, deforestation, water depletion, and Green House Gas emissions. Consequently, climate change, food insecurity, slowed economy, unemployment, and poverty. The resultant effect is poor human health, inability to cope with shocks, inequalities, and lack of social services. Nonetheless, factual based policies supporting science, technology, and innovation for efficient and effective resource utilization in food security projects will promote the country’s capacity in achieving resilience in food security. This paper will highlight the concept of resource utilization planning to enhance, resources predictability and value maintenance. The study will employ desk review of relevant documents on: resource utilization and food security and nutrition. The findings are expected to provide policy makers with insight on the policies that are required as a fundamental catalyst, in designing and creating an enabling environment for robust food security projects. In return, the food security projects are bound to minimize on extractive activities, Green House Gas emissions, deforestation, soil degradation and water depletion.","PeriodicalId":144021,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122647355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is no doubt about the nutritional value and environmental impact of edible insects; they are a good substitute for source of protein. However, incorporating them in the human daily diets requires an intense change in mentality of youth in Kenya. People’s attitude towards a food product is important when it comes to its acceptance. Therefore, the aim of the research was to explore the perception and attitude of young people in Kenya on the utilization of insects as food and feed. The findings showed that Kenyan youth have a neutral to a possible positive perception and attitude regarding the use of edible insects as food and feed. The findings of a logistic regression analysis show that education level is associated with low likelihood of consuming and using insects as livestock feed. The perceived benefits, feelings and intentions were also associated with low probability of insects consumption and use as livestock feed. However, 79.9% of respondents were willing to incorporate insects in their food diets and 75.6% were willing to use them as a source of income.
{"title":"Perception and Attitude of Youth on the Use of insects as Food and Feed, Kenya","authors":"Keineetse Emelda Morris, A. Watako, W. Akuno","doi":"10.37284/eajab.5.1.687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajab.5.1.687","url":null,"abstract":"There is no doubt about the nutritional value and environmental impact of edible insects; they are a good substitute for source of protein. However, incorporating them in the human daily diets requires an intense change in mentality of youth in Kenya. People’s attitude towards a food product is important when it comes to its acceptance. Therefore, the aim of the research was to explore the perception and attitude of young people in Kenya on the utilization of insects as food and feed. The findings showed that Kenyan youth have a neutral to a possible positive perception and attitude regarding the use of edible insects as food and feed. The findings of a logistic regression analysis show that education level is associated with low likelihood of consuming and using insects as livestock feed. The perceived benefits, feelings and intentions were also associated with low probability of insects consumption and use as livestock feed. However, 79.9% of respondents were willing to incorporate insects in their food diets and 75.6% were willing to use them as a source of income.","PeriodicalId":144021,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132224775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Young people represent around one-fifth of the world’s population and half of the total unemployed global workforce are the youth. In Kenya, over half of the total population is youth and a majority of them live in rural areas and are unemployed. Most rural youths engage in self-reliance projects to improve their livelihoods. This paper examines the future of rural youth agri-projects in Sub-Sahara Africa. The article is based on a study conducted to determine the effects of self-reliance projects on the livelihoods of youth in selected rural areas of Nakuru County, Kenya. Thorough surveys of youth self-reliance projects and livelihoods were conducted in Nakuru County, Kenya in 2017 by the author. The study surveyed youth who were actively undertaking self-reliance projects aimed at enhancing their livelihood. The surveys included information on the nature and type of self-reliance projects undertaken, the contribution of self-reliance projects to youth economic welfare and the challenges facing the youth and how they overcome them when undertaking the projects. The overall conclusion of this study and other related studies is that youth agri projects are having a significant contribution to their economic welfare in the rural areas, thus improving their livelihoods and hence bridging the way Agri-systems are being enhanced
{"title":"Agri-Systems as a Bridge between Subsistence Farming and Youth Economic Welfare in Sub Sahara Africa: A Case of Nakuru County Kenya","authors":"John Mathenge King’au","doi":"10.37284/eajab.5.1.675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajab.5.1.675","url":null,"abstract":"Young people represent around one-fifth of the world’s population and half of the total unemployed global workforce are the youth. In Kenya, over half of the total population is youth and a majority of them live in rural areas and are unemployed. Most rural youths engage in self-reliance projects to improve their livelihoods. This paper examines the future of rural youth agri-projects in Sub-Sahara Africa. The article is based on a study conducted to determine the effects of self-reliance projects on the livelihoods of youth in selected rural areas of Nakuru County, Kenya. Thorough surveys of youth self-reliance projects and livelihoods were conducted in Nakuru County, Kenya in 2017 by the author. The study surveyed youth who were actively undertaking self-reliance projects aimed at enhancing their livelihood. The surveys included information on the nature and type of self-reliance projects undertaken, the contribution of self-reliance projects to youth economic welfare and the challenges facing the youth and how they overcome them when undertaking the projects. The overall conclusion of this study and other related studies is that youth agri projects are having a significant contribution to their economic welfare in the rural areas, thus improving their livelihoods and hence bridging the way Agri-systems are being enhanced","PeriodicalId":144021,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123988461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The review summarizes the production and reproductive performance of indigenous chicken in Ethiopia. Even though the total population of indigenous chicken is high enough (98%) than other exotic and crossbreeds, the gain from the poultry sector is still low. Thus, production was encountered under free-range systems with low input for the sector, which limits the profit due to low egg production, small egg size, slow growth rate, late maturity, small clutch size, intensive inclination to broodiness, and high mortality of chickens. The reproductive performance of indigenous chickens includes hatchability and fertility of eggs in addition to the above, which depended on health, nutrition, genetics, storage, incubation condition, and seasonal fluctuation, as well as the number of eggs given to broody hens, was also another factor that causes variability. The hatchability of broody hen reaches up to 85.69%, which was higher than reports from a modern incubator in governmental poultry breed and multiplication centre in Ethiopia (69%) under standard breeding conditions. In terms of the egg and meat production, minimum values were recorded than other exotic and cross breeds because there was no identified productive breed in the country and still in classifications based on ecotypes/location/ and feather plumages of the chicken, even if they have good quality in terms of test for their products. They are also good scavenging as well as foragers and have a high level of disease tolerance, good maternal quality, adapt to harsh conditions and poor-quality feeds. However, there is a lack of knowledge about poultry production, limitation of feed resources, the prevalence of disease as well as institutional and socio-economic conditions are faced
{"title":"Review on Production and Reproduction Performance of Indigenous Chicken in Ethiopia","authors":"Melkam Aleme","doi":"10.37284/eajab.5.1.638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajab.5.1.638","url":null,"abstract":"The review summarizes the production and reproductive performance of indigenous chicken in Ethiopia. Even though the total population of indigenous chicken is high enough (98%) than other exotic and crossbreeds, the gain from the poultry sector is still low. Thus, production was encountered under free-range systems with low input for the sector, which limits the profit due to low egg production, small egg size, slow growth rate, late maturity, small clutch size, intensive inclination to broodiness, and high mortality of chickens. The reproductive performance of indigenous chickens includes hatchability and fertility of eggs in addition to the above, which depended on health, nutrition, genetics, storage, incubation condition, and seasonal fluctuation, as well as the number of eggs given to broody hens, was also another factor that causes variability. The hatchability of broody hen reaches up to 85.69%, which was higher than reports from a modern incubator in governmental poultry breed and multiplication centre in Ethiopia (69%) under standard breeding conditions. In terms of the egg and meat production, minimum values were recorded than other exotic and cross breeds because there was no identified productive breed in the country and still in classifications based on ecotypes/location/ and feather plumages of the chicken, even if they have good quality in terms of test for their products. They are also good scavenging as well as foragers and have a high level of disease tolerance, good maternal quality, adapt to harsh conditions and poor-quality feeds. However, there is a lack of knowledge about poultry production, limitation of feed resources, the prevalence of disease as well as institutional and socio-economic conditions are faced","PeriodicalId":144021,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129298506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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