Bharath Kumar Nagaraj, K. A, Suraj Begum R, Akila S, Hemant Kumar Sachdev, S. N.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a disruptive force with the potential to transform various industries, and the field of higher education is no exception. This critical review paper aims to examine the emerging role of AI in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) higher education. The article explores the impact of AI on teaching and learning methodologies, curriculum design, student engagement, assessment practices, and institutional strategies. The review also highlights the potential benefits and challenges associated with integrating AI into STEM education and identify key areas for future research and development. Overall, this article provides insights into how AI can revolutionize STEM higher education and offers recommendations for harnessing its full potential.
{"title":"The Emerging Role of Artificial Intelligence in STEM Higher Education: A Critical Review","authors":"Bharath Kumar Nagaraj, K. A, Suraj Begum R, Akila S, Hemant Kumar Sachdev, S. N.","doi":"10.54392/irjmt2351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54392/irjmt2351","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a disruptive force with the potential to transform various industries, and the field of higher education is no exception. This critical review paper aims to examine the emerging role of AI in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) higher education. The article explores the impact of AI on teaching and learning methodologies, curriculum design, student engagement, assessment practices, and institutional strategies. The review also highlights the potential benefits and challenges associated with integrating AI into STEM education and identify key areas for future research and development. Overall, this article provides insights into how AI can revolutionize STEM higher education and offers recommendations for harnessing its full potential.","PeriodicalId":14412,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Technovation","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72790302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. c, Baskaran I, Vanmathi Selvi K, Senthamil Selvi C, R. P, S. S
This present work is to investigate the antibacterial activity of CeO2 nanoparticles on five foodborne pathogens. Low-temperature solid-state reactions were used to create co-doped CeO2 nanoparticles (Co-CeO2 NPs). In the current work, the impact of Co-doping on polycrystalline CeO2 samples synthesized using the co-precipitation method at room temperature for Co-doping concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 3%, and 5% is discussed. Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction patterns confirms that the Co-doped CeO2 samples have a face-centred cubic structure. This shows that the Co ions have been successfully integrated into the CeO2 lattice. Also, the UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra confirm that redshifts do happen in the Co-doped CeO2 samples, which shows that the band gap energy decreases as the number of Co ions grows. In an antibacterial test against five pathogenic microbes, S. aureus, M. luteus, Enterobacter aerogenes, S. typhi, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Co-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles significantly slowed the growth of all five pathogens, both in liquid and solid growth conditions. These results show that Co-doped CeO2 nanoparticles have strong antibacterial properties against foodborne pathogens. This suggests that they could be used as promising bionanomaterials for in vivo therapeutic uses.
{"title":"Antimicrobial activity of Cobalt doped Cerium Oxide (Co-CeO2) nanoparticles against selected food pathogens","authors":"K. c, Baskaran I, Vanmathi Selvi K, Senthamil Selvi C, R. P, S. S","doi":"10.54392/irjmt2344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54392/irjmt2344","url":null,"abstract":"This present work is to investigate the antibacterial activity of CeO2 nanoparticles on five foodborne pathogens. Low-temperature solid-state reactions were used to create co-doped CeO2 nanoparticles (Co-CeO2 NPs). In the current work, the impact of Co-doping on polycrystalline CeO2 samples synthesized using the co-precipitation method at room temperature for Co-doping concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, 3%, and 5% is discussed. Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction patterns confirms that the Co-doped CeO2 samples have a face-centred cubic structure. This shows that the Co ions have been successfully integrated into the CeO2 lattice. Also, the UV-Vis-NIR absorption spectra confirm that redshifts do happen in the Co-doped CeO2 samples, which shows that the band gap energy decreases as the number of Co ions grows. In an antibacterial test against five pathogenic microbes, S. aureus, M. luteus, Enterobacter aerogenes, S. typhi, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Co-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles significantly slowed the growth of all five pathogens, both in liquid and solid growth conditions. These results show that Co-doped CeO2 nanoparticles have strong antibacterial properties against foodborne pathogens. This suggests that they could be used as promising bionanomaterials for in vivo therapeutic uses.","PeriodicalId":14412,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Technovation","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87216521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, a semi-organic crystal of L-tryptophan hydrochloride (LTHC) has been synthesized and quality crystals has been grown using a slow evaporation technique. Singe crystal XRD confirms the monoclinic system with space group P21. UV optical studies displays the transmittance in the entire visible region. The Mulliken charge distribution and MEP mapping show significant charge transfer due to nucleophilic and electrophilic moieties. The molecule's chemical reactivity was examined using HOMO-LUMO and MESP investigations. The crystal's nonlinear properties were studied using the Kurtz-Perry method. These findings suggest that LTHC crystals may have potential applications in the field of nonlinear optics.
{"title":"A Quantum Chemical and Nonlinear Optical Investigation on L-Tryptophan Hydrochloride Single Crystals for Optoelectronic Device Applications","authors":"M. A., Arunachalam S, S. J., Velayutham Pillai M","doi":"10.54392/irjmt2343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54392/irjmt2343","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a semi-organic crystal of L-tryptophan hydrochloride (LTHC) has been synthesized and quality crystals has been grown using a slow evaporation technique. Singe crystal XRD confirms the monoclinic system with space group P21. UV optical studies displays the transmittance in the entire visible region. The Mulliken charge distribution and MEP mapping show significant charge transfer due to nucleophilic and electrophilic moieties. The molecule's chemical reactivity was examined using HOMO-LUMO and MESP investigations. The crystal's nonlinear properties were studied using the Kurtz-Perry method. These findings suggest that LTHC crystals may have potential applications in the field of nonlinear optics.","PeriodicalId":14412,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Technovation","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80621997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benedict U. Iyida, Azubuike M. Nwankwo, Thomas O. Onah
Brake lining, a friction lining material has over the years been produced mainly from asbestos. Asbestos health hazards have necessitated the need to source friction lining materials from other safer directions. A novel composite from local materials was developed. The brake lining production was a dispersion hardening process by the techniques of powder metallurgy of finely divided particles of the raw material powder mix. The raw materials included sawdust, resin, rubber latex, clay, carbon black, brass chips, zinc oxide and sulphur. The friction lining material thus produced, with its friction coefficient was analysed relative to its responses to increasing temperatures and pressures. The environment of increasing temperatures and pressures is its operating condition, in situ. Temperature range studied was from 300C-3000C, while pressure range was from 50KPa-250KPa. Results of the analysis showed the fiction coefficient not adversely affected, with minimum value at 0.31 and maximum value at 0.56.
{"title":"Parametric Effects on the Coefficient of Friction of a Novel Composite Material for Automobile Brake Linning","authors":"Benedict U. Iyida, Azubuike M. Nwankwo, Thomas O. Onah","doi":"10.54392/irjmt2342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54392/irjmt2342","url":null,"abstract":"Brake lining, a friction lining material has over the years been produced mainly from asbestos. Asbestos health hazards have necessitated the need to source friction lining materials from other safer directions. A novel composite from local materials was developed. The brake lining production was a dispersion hardening process by the techniques of powder metallurgy of finely divided particles of the raw material powder mix. The raw materials included sawdust, resin, rubber latex, clay, carbon black, brass chips, zinc oxide and sulphur. The friction lining material thus produced, with its friction coefficient was analysed relative to its responses to increasing temperatures and pressures. The environment of increasing temperatures and pressures is its operating condition, in situ. Temperature range studied was from 300C-3000C, while pressure range was from 50KPa-250KPa. Results of the analysis showed the fiction coefficient not adversely affected, with minimum value at 0.31 and maximum value at 0.56.","PeriodicalId":14412,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Technovation","volume":"149 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90769877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. R., Yogeshwaran A, Logababu P, Sharath P.S, A. G, Pugazhendhi V
The undeniable importance of human well-being microorganisms to strengthen the antimicrobial resistance behavior of inorganic metals has created an avenue towards the development of green nanotechnology. However, numerous physiological issues and challanges need to be addressed from the aspects of microbiological and nanotechnological. In this present work, an endeavour has been made to synthesis silver oxide nanoparticles using Woodfordia Fruticosa flower extracts as reducing agent and also examined their antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. Coli. The utmost antibacterial activity was obtained for the Ag2O nanoparticles prepared with extract against S. Aureus than E. Coli.
{"title":"Empowerment the antibacterial activity of Silver Oxide nanoparticles using Woodfordia Fruticosa flower extract","authors":"S. R., Yogeshwaran A, Logababu P, Sharath P.S, A. G, Pugazhendhi V","doi":"10.54392/irjmt2341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54392/irjmt2341","url":null,"abstract":"The undeniable importance of human well-being microorganisms to strengthen the antimicrobial resistance behavior of inorganic metals has created an avenue towards the development of green nanotechnology. However, numerous physiological issues and challanges need to be addressed from the aspects of microbiological and nanotechnological. In this present work, an endeavour has been made to synthesis silver oxide nanoparticles using Woodfordia Fruticosa flower extracts as reducing agent and also examined their antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. Coli. The utmost antibacterial activity was obtained for the Ag2O nanoparticles prepared with extract against S. Aureus than E. Coli.","PeriodicalId":14412,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Technovation","volume":"14 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89956501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted to determine and apply a mathematical model to simulate the environmental and climatic parameters to evaluate the performance of different greenhouses in three areas within the Khartoum North – Sudan (Date Palm Technology Company., Abu Halima Center and Khartoum University). The assessment method depends on development of a computer simulation model to generate from house physical characteristics and climate data ten environmental performance evaluation indicators (Relative moisture efficiency; Cooling effectiveness, Moisture saturation efficiency; Water consumption rate; House overall efficiency; House ventilation rate, Optimum internal temperature and internal relative humidity).The result of application of the evaluation model for nine greenhouses in three different locations in Khartoum North reveals that there is no significant differences (P = 0.05) in evaluation indicators between the three studied areas. The study concluded that additional work is needed to upgrade the mode of running greenhouse crop cultivation system with regards to: using sustainable and energy efficient cooling and ventilation technologies, adopting new techniques to conserve water and its efficient utilization, introducing properly adapted materials for high temperatures and strong solar radiation, and accessibility of technologies such as automation systems. In the current system moisture use efficiency in particular found to be lower than expected and measures to improvement are critically needed. With respect to the system efficiency and utility of fan and pad greenhouse the effectiveness of cooling system is function of internal environmental parameter (temperature and relative humidity with negative relation). The evaluation model shows that cooling efficiency tends to go up in the areas with low relative humidity.
{"title":"Development and Application of a Mathematical Simulation Model to Evaluate Environmental Performance of Greenhouses Using Physical and Climatic Indicators","authors":"","doi":"10.54392/irjmt2334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54392/irjmt2334","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine and apply a mathematical model to simulate the environmental and climatic parameters to evaluate the performance of different greenhouses in three areas within the Khartoum North – Sudan (Date Palm Technology Company., Abu Halima Center and Khartoum University). The assessment method depends on development of a computer simulation model to generate from house physical characteristics and climate data ten environmental performance evaluation indicators (Relative moisture efficiency; Cooling effectiveness, Moisture saturation efficiency; Water consumption rate; House overall efficiency; House ventilation rate, Optimum internal temperature and internal relative humidity).The result of application of the evaluation model for nine greenhouses in three different locations in Khartoum North reveals that there is no significant differences (P = 0.05) in evaluation indicators between the three studied areas. The study concluded that additional work is needed to upgrade the mode of running greenhouse crop cultivation system with regards to: using sustainable and energy efficient cooling and ventilation technologies, adopting new techniques to conserve water and its efficient utilization, introducing properly adapted materials for high temperatures and strong solar radiation, and accessibility of technologies such as automation systems. In the current system moisture use efficiency in particular found to be lower than expected and measures to improvement are critically needed. With respect to the system efficiency and utility of fan and pad greenhouse the effectiveness of cooling system is function of internal environmental parameter (temperature and relative humidity with negative relation). The evaluation model shows that cooling efficiency tends to go up in the areas with low relative humidity.","PeriodicalId":14412,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Technovation","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83752662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Options in the stock market are a form of risk management that can help protect investors from various potential liabilities. Increased demand for derivatives is reflected in higher trading volumes every day. Over time, it has been easier for regular investors to get their hands on derivatives. The major Indian exchanges trade a wide range of financial goods, including stock derivatives. This article explains how to trade F&O on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) in India. To write options, the NSE typically employs call-and-put options. It may be able to design ways to achieve this goal by studying the State Bank of India (SBI) options chain for the first quarter of fiscal years 22 and 23. Based on the current stock price, the suggested computational approach writes call (CE) and put (PE) options for the upcoming month's settlement date. CE and PE were written at prices twenty rupees higher and lower than the stock options strike price, respectively. Furthermore, the pricing for both products has been reduced to zero rupees. According to our research, selling options to firms with minimal volatility is a good idea.
{"title":"A Model for Calculating the Effectiveness of Writing and Hedging SBI Derivatives","authors":"Joyjit Patra, Mimo Patra","doi":"10.54392/irjmt2333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54392/irjmt2333","url":null,"abstract":"Options in the stock market are a form of risk management that can help protect investors from various potential liabilities. Increased demand for derivatives is reflected in higher trading volumes every day. Over time, it has been easier for regular investors to get their hands on derivatives. The major Indian exchanges trade a wide range of financial goods, including stock derivatives. This article explains how to trade F&O on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) in India. To write options, the NSE typically employs call-and-put options. It may be able to design ways to achieve this goal by studying the State Bank of India (SBI) options chain for the first quarter of fiscal years 22 and 23. Based on the current stock price, the suggested computational approach writes call (CE) and put (PE) options for the upcoming month's settlement date. CE and PE were written at prices twenty rupees higher and lower than the stock options strike price, respectively. Furthermore, the pricing for both products has been reduced to zero rupees. According to our research, selling options to firms with minimal volatility is a good idea.","PeriodicalId":14412,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Technovation","volume":"123 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89411448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this paper is to develop AA5052 aluminum alloy solid disc from machining wastes via friction stir consolidation (FSC) process & optimize its parameters: die rotational speed, pre-compact aspect ratio and processing time. At first, the required dedicated tooling is designed and built. Then, solid discs are fabricated from AA5052 aluminum alloy chips using FSC process. Taguchi L9 orthogonal array is used to analyze and optimize the process. Experimental parameters and their levels considered are rotational speed (315, 400 and 500 rpm), pre-compact aspect ratio (25.4/7, 25.4/5 and 25.4/3) and processing time (30, 45 and 60 sec). Using standard tests, compressive strength, hardness and microstructure of the consolidated solid disc are evaluated. The results reveal that solid discs are successfully fabricated using FSC using dedicated tooling, and rotational speed (500 rpm), pre-compact aspect ratio (25.4/3) and processing time (60 sec) are optimal processing conditions. Microstructure examination of the solid disc shows finer and fully recrystallized grains in axial cross section orientation. Moreover, the results show compressive strength and hardness of the solid disc are comparable to that of forged or cast disc and suitable for most engineering structural applications.
{"title":"Aluminum Alloy Chips Recycling using Friction Stir Consolidation","authors":"Samuel Kefeyalew Abebe, Desalegn Wogaso Wolla","doi":"10.54392/irjmt2331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54392/irjmt2331","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to develop AA5052 aluminum alloy solid disc from machining wastes via friction stir consolidation (FSC) process & optimize its parameters: die rotational speed, pre-compact aspect ratio and processing time. At first, the required dedicated tooling is designed and built. Then, solid discs are fabricated from AA5052 aluminum alloy chips using FSC process. Taguchi L9 orthogonal array is used to analyze and optimize the process. Experimental parameters and their levels considered are rotational speed (315, 400 and 500 rpm), pre-compact aspect ratio (25.4/7, 25.4/5 and 25.4/3) and processing time (30, 45 and 60 sec). Using standard tests, compressive strength, hardness and microstructure of the consolidated solid disc are evaluated. The results reveal that solid discs are successfully fabricated using FSC using dedicated tooling, and rotational speed (500 rpm), pre-compact aspect ratio (25.4/3) and processing time (60 sec) are optimal processing conditions. Microstructure examination of the solid disc shows finer and fully recrystallized grains in axial cross section orientation. Moreover, the results show compressive strength and hardness of the solid disc are comparable to that of forged or cast disc and suitable for most engineering structural applications.","PeriodicalId":14412,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Technovation","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82094475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Shitsi, S. K. Debrah, Vincent Yao Agbodemegbe, E. Arthur, Iddrisu Hamza, Esther Agyeiwaa Asomaning
Heat exchangers and other heat transfer devices/systems play vital roles of heat transfer in thermal fluid flow systems for industrial application. Sodium cooled fast reactors are normally designed to have two loops of sodium coolants and one loop of water coolant which generates steam for power production. The two loops of sodium coolants consist of primary cooling system of sodium which cools the fuel rods of the reactor core and secondary cooling system of sodium transferring heat from the sodium primary cooling system. The water-cooling system transfers heat from the secondary cooling system of sodium for steam generation. Lead cooled fast reactors on the other hand are designed to have primary cooling system of lead cooling the fuel rods in the reactor core and secondary cooling system of water transferring heat from the lead cooling primary system for steam generation. Water cooled Nuclear Power Plants used water to cool the reactor core in the primary system and the heat removed from the core is used for steam generation directly as in BWRs and SCWRs or in the secondary system of heat exchanger as in PWRs. Other reactor systems such as Gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR), Molten-salt reactor (MSR), High-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR), and Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) also have various types of heat exchangers in their designs to support power/electricity generation. Appropriate heat exchangers are therefore needed for various stages of heat transfer in power generation systems. Thus, Heat exchangers and other heat transfer devices/systems play vital roles of heat transfer in thermal fluid flow systems for industrial applications. This study presents brief review of PCHEs which have comparable advantages over other types of heat exchangers. Recent studies on PCHEs and other heat exchanger types have been reviewed. Design and optimization of PCHEs, optimization of Brayton and Rankine circles, and fluid flow and heat transfer devices/systems have been discussed briefly. The review findings show that the design and optimization of PCHEs depends on the intended industrial application of the heat exchanger. The various channel types and channel cross-section types available for design and optimisation as well as the design and optimised system being able to withstand high pressure and temperature conditions in addition to its compact size for the intended industrial application make PCHEs unique among other types of heat exchangers.
{"title":"Printed Circuit Heat Exchangers (PCHEs): A Brief Review","authors":"E. Shitsi, S. K. Debrah, Vincent Yao Agbodemegbe, E. Arthur, Iddrisu Hamza, Esther Agyeiwaa Asomaning","doi":"10.54392/irjmt2332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54392/irjmt2332","url":null,"abstract":"Heat exchangers and other heat transfer devices/systems play vital roles of heat transfer in thermal fluid flow systems for industrial application. Sodium cooled fast reactors are normally designed to have two loops of sodium coolants and one loop of water coolant which generates steam for power production. The two loops of sodium coolants consist of primary cooling system of sodium which cools the fuel rods of the reactor core and secondary cooling system of sodium transferring heat from the sodium primary cooling system. The water-cooling system transfers heat from the secondary cooling system of sodium for steam generation. Lead cooled fast reactors on the other hand are designed to have primary cooling system of lead cooling the fuel rods in the reactor core and secondary cooling system of water transferring heat from the lead cooling primary system for steam generation. Water cooled Nuclear Power Plants used water to cool the reactor core in the primary system and the heat removed from the core is used for steam generation directly as in BWRs and SCWRs or in the secondary system of heat exchanger as in PWRs. Other reactor systems such as Gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR), Molten-salt reactor (MSR), High-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR), and Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) also have various types of heat exchangers in their designs to support power/electricity generation. Appropriate heat exchangers are therefore needed for various stages of heat transfer in power generation systems. Thus, Heat exchangers and other heat transfer devices/systems play vital roles of heat transfer in thermal fluid flow systems for industrial applications. This study presents brief review of PCHEs which have comparable advantages over other types of heat exchangers. Recent studies on PCHEs and other heat exchanger types have been reviewed. Design and optimization of PCHEs, optimization of Brayton and Rankine circles, and fluid flow and heat transfer devices/systems have been discussed briefly. The review findings show that the design and optimization of PCHEs depends on the intended industrial application of the heat exchanger. The various channel types and channel cross-section types available for design and optimisation as well as the design and optimised system being able to withstand high pressure and temperature conditions in addition to its compact size for the intended industrial application make PCHEs unique among other types of heat exchangers.","PeriodicalId":14412,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Technovation","volume":"198 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86831073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of the geometrical structure and vibrational wave numbers of Methyl 2-Naphthyl Ether molecule (M2NE) are done with the help of ab initio HF- and Density functional method (DFT/B3LYP) of 6-31G(d, p) basis set. HF and DFT calculations optimize the geometric structure of the selected molecule. The B3LYP density functional method, with a base of 6-31G (d, p), is the best level of theory to repeat the expected wave numbers. Density functional theory was used to calculate the first hyperpolarization (β), electrical dipole moment (μ) of the examined molecule. The results of the calculations also show that a natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis of the M2NE could be performed. The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectrum were theoretically constructed for the title compound. There was a detailed understanding of FTIR and FT-Raman spectrum from experimental analysis. The considered HOMO and LUMO energies demonstrate that charge transfer takes place inside the molecule.
{"title":"Comprehensive understanding of Methyl 2-Naphthyl Ether Molecule by Ab Initio Calculation method","authors":"G. A.","doi":"10.54392/irjmt2323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54392/irjmt2323","url":null,"abstract":"The development of the geometrical structure and vibrational wave numbers of Methyl 2-Naphthyl Ether molecule (M2NE) are done with the help of ab initio HF- and Density functional method (DFT/B3LYP) of 6-31G(d, p) basis set. HF and DFT calculations optimize the geometric structure of the selected molecule. The B3LYP density functional method, with a base of 6-31G (d, p), is the best level of theory to repeat the expected wave numbers. Density functional theory was used to calculate the first hyperpolarization (β), electrical dipole moment (μ) of the examined molecule. The results of the calculations also show that a natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis of the M2NE could be performed. The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectrum were theoretically constructed for the title compound. There was a detailed understanding of FTIR and FT-Raman spectrum from experimental analysis. The considered HOMO and LUMO energies demonstrate that charge transfer takes place inside the molecule.","PeriodicalId":14412,"journal":{"name":"International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Technovation","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90537157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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